Raws li tus nqi ntawm zinc thiab tooj liab txuas ntxiv mus, ntau tus kws tshaj lij uas ua cov qauv tsim tawm ntawm cov hlau tig mus rau hlau. Txawm hais tias tsis zoo li tooj liab, hlau zoo dua zinc thiab ruaj dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv rau luam ntawv phaj. Qee hom hlau tuaj yeem ua kua qaub, xws li cov hlau me me thiab cov hlau tsis huv. Nyeem ntawv kom paub yuav ua li cas khawb hlau.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Npaj Hlau rau Etching
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas hom hlau uas koj xav kos
Koj tuaj yeem khawb cov hlau tsis muaj steel, hlau me me, lossis cov pa roj carbon siab. Hom hlau uas yuav tsum tau khawb yuav txiav txim seb hom acid lossis tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws los siv rau kev kos.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tshem cov burrs (qhov ntxhib ntawm cov hlau sab) ntawm cov hlau hlau
Xuab zeb rau ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hlau uas koj xav kos. Koj tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov seem ntawm lwm sab yog tias koj tab tom khawb cov phaj hlau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Rub cov hlau
Siv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws los txhuam cov hlau hauv cov kab ua haujlwm uas siv daim txhuam cev txhuam, xaim txhuam, txhuam cov hlau zoo, 600 pob zeb (ntxhib) cov ntawv ntub dej, lossis corundum ntawv txhuam. Cov hlau ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum ntxhib me ntsis kom tuav cov khoom khaws cia, tab sis tsis ntxhib heev vim qhov no tuaj yeem tsim cov kab tsis xav tau ntxiv hauv qhov tsim.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxuav cov hlau nrog dej
Xyuas kom cov dej npog tag nrho cov hlau.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxuav cov hlau ob zaug nrog isopropyl cawv
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Etching Hlau
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv daim duab uas koj xav kos rau ntawm cov hlau
Koj tuaj yeem kos koj tus kheej los ntawm txhais tes lossis theej tawm cov duab uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov hlau. Nyob ntawm txoj kev hloov duab siv, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov yooj yim lossis tsim qauv.
- Yog tias koj xav theej tawm cov qauv tsim tam sim no, siv cov duab uas muaj qhov sib txawv dub thiab dawb siab.
- Yog tias koj xav ua thiab muag cov ntawv luam tawm, siv cov duab los ntawm cov pej xeem sau lossis nrhiav kev tso cai los ntawm tus tswv cov cai (yog tias tsim nyog).
Kauj Ruam 2. Hloov tus qauv mus rau cov hlau nto
Koj tuaj yeem txav cov duab hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, uas tau piav qhia hauv qab no. Nco ntsoov tias txoj kev twg los xij siv los txav tus tsim, daim duab yuav luam tawm rau sab saum toj ntawm cov hlau. Yog tias koj xav siv cov phaj hlau uas tau khawb tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj (tsis yog rau luam ntawv), qhov no tsis yog teeb meem.
- Txoj hauv kev qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv cov qauv yog txheej cov hlau nrog cov kua roj vanish lossis cov khoom siv zoo ib yam (xws li beeswax), lossis txawm tias pleev xim lossis pleev xim rau tes. Cov txheej no hu ua av. Tom ntej no, kos qhov tsim rau hauv av siv rab koob lossis rab riam txiav dav. (Qhov no zoo ib yam li txiav ntoo.) Hauv av yuav siv ua daim ntaub thaiv kom cov kua qaub tsis tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov hlau uas tau npog los ntawm nws.
- Lwm txoj hauv kev yog txhawm rau npog cov hlau siv cov cim ruaj khov uas cov kua qaub tsis xav kom nws raug tshem tawm thiab tawm lwm qhov chaw nthuav tawm tias cov kua qaub etching yuav tshem tawm. Koj yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev sim nrog tus lej lossis cov xim ntawm cov cim ruaj khov kom pom cov cim uas zoo tshaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kua qaub.
- Txoj hauv kev thib peb yog ua kom cov hlau nplaum uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev luam daim qauv tsim mus rau xa daim ntawv lossis luam tawm nws ntawm daim duab ci uas siv lub tshuab luam ntawv laser. Khawb daim ntawv rau ntawm cov hlau saum npoo av (nrog cov ntawv luam tawm ib feem ntawm daim duab hauv qab/ua raws li cov hlau), thiab siv qhov kub kom siab. Tom ntej no, hlau daim ntawv hauv lub voj voog, ua haujlwm du rau 2-5 feeb. (Thov maj nrawm yog tias koj siv daim ntawv xa mus; lossis nias nyuaj yog tias koj siv daim ntawv yees duab). Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tshem daim ntawv. (Cov ntawv xa mus yuav tawm ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis daim ntawv yees duab yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv dej kub kom nws mos thiab tshem tawm tau.) Ink pauv mus rau cov hlau hlau yuav tiv taus cov kua qaub.
Kauj Ruam 3. Npog cov npoo hlau
Koj tuaj yeem kaw cov npoo ntawm cov hlau lossis pleev xim rau lawv. Txoj kev twg los xij uas koj xaiv yuav ua rau cov npoo tiv taus cov kua qaub.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv cov kua qaub uas koj xav siv los kos cov hlau
Qee cov kua qaub uas tuaj yeem siv tau suav nrog muriatic acid (hydrochloric) lossis HCL, nitric acid (HNO3), thiab sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Qee cov ntaub ntawv tsis-acidic uas tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub thaum sib xyaw nrog dej, xws li ferric chloride (FeCl3) lossis tooj liab sulfate (CuSO4), kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua tshuaj lom neeg. Lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub feem ntau yuav txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas cov hlau tau muab pov tseg, lossis "tom". Cov kua qaub thiab cov tshuaj lom tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm kws tshuaj lossis khw muag khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Feem ntau, ferric chloride yuav tsum tau tov nrog dej hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug los tsim cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv los ua tooj liab, tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo rau etching stainless hlau. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov hlau uas tiv taus cov kua qaub ntshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ferric chloride tuaj yeem txhawm rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoom yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo.
- Tooj tooj liab sulfate zoo dua rau cov hlau me me dua li cov hlau tsis huv. Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los sib xyaw nws nrog sodium chloride (NaCl lossis cov ntsev ntsev) hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug kom tsis txhob tsim txheej tooj liab ntawm cov hlau uas tuaj yeem nres cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Qhov kev daws teeb meem xiav no yuav maj mam ploj mus raws li qhov ua tau zoo zuj zus thiab ua kom pom meej thaum cov txheej txheem tiav.
- Nitric acid feem ntau yog tov nrog dej (ib feem kua qaub thiab peb ntu dej). Koj tseem tuaj yeem sib xyaw nws nrog acetic acid (vinegar) lossis hydrochloric acid, hauv qhov sib npaug.
- Sulfuric acid yuav tsum tsuas yog siv hauv qhov ntau (feem pua ntawm cov khoom xyaw) ntawm 10-25 feem pua. Feem ntau, kev daws teeb meem hauv dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov mloog zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kua qaub feem ntau siv sijhawm ntev los txhawm rau hlau ntau dua li cov tshuaj uas ua rau acidic thaum sib xyaw nrog dej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsau cov hlau mus rau hauv cov kua qaub etching
Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum fim lub phaj hlau mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov tshuaj kom cov hlau hlau uas poob los ntawm cov kua qaub ua rau poob rau hauv qab (nkag rau hauv cov tshuaj) thiab tsis txhob lo rau ntawm phaj. Qhov no yuav ua rau pom meej dua cov kab ntawm cov hlau txuas. Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib lub phaj saum toj no, txhuam txhuam cov hlau tawg uas siv cov txhuam txhuam los yog txhuam. Qhov no tseem yuav tshem tawm cov npuas uas tshwm. (Cov npuas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem etching, tab sis lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj yog tias sab laug zoo li qub.) Tso cai rau cov phaj hlau kom tsau rau hauv cov kua qaub kom txog thaum cov kab txiav rau qhov xav tau tob.
- Txoj kev twg los xij uas koj siv (txawm tias ntsib lub phaj hlau nce lossis nqis), xyuas kom tseeb tias lub phaj tsis lo rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv ntim rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev. (Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tso lub phaj ntsej muag qis).
- Ib ntus kais lub thawv ntim tshuaj siv los tsau cov hlau kom cov tshuaj txav mus los.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nqa thiab ntxuav cov phaj hlau
Tshem cov kua qaub tawm ntawm lub phaj los ntawm kev ntxuav nws nrog dej. Yog tias siv cov kua qaub muaj zog, koj yuav xav tau nruab nrab nws nrog ci dej qab zib. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tshem cov khoom tuav uas txuas rau lub phaj. Nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv los tsim qhov tsim, xaiv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Siv turpentine tshem av los ntawm cov xim thiab kua roj vanish. (Siv acetone tshem tawm cov ntsia hlau.)
- Siv cawv, ntaub plaub, lossis methyl hydrate los ntxuav cov av ntawm cov khoom xws li siv quav ciab.
- Tshem cov kua dej-soluble siv dej ntws. Siv cawv los tshem tus number case uas tsis muaj dej.
Lub tswv yim
- Koj tuaj yeem siv etching acid ntau dua ib zaug los kos cov hlau. Txhua lub sijhawm siv cov kua qaub, lub sijhawm ua cov hlau yuav ntev dua ua ntej (nrog tib qhov tob).
- Lwm txoj hauv kev rau etching hlau yog anodic lossis galvanic etching. Hauv txoj hauv kev no, cov phaj hlau txuas nrog tus ncej zoo ntawm 12 volt roj teeb, thaum cov tshuaj lom neeg rau kev kos yog txuas nrog tus ncej tsis zoo. Cov khoom siv tshuaj (lossis electrolyte) hauv cov txheej txheem no tsis yog cov kua qaub, tab sis cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua zoo li cov kua qaub thaum ionized los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Ceeb toom
- Yog tias cov kua qaub ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog txaus rau cov hlau, muab pov tseg rau hauv cov thawv pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij. Tsis txhob muab nws pov rau hauv lub qhov dej.
- Ib txwm ua qhov kev kos rau hauv thaj chaw muaj cua nkag tau zoo, thiab looj tsom iav thiab hnab looj tes tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij los ntawm cov kua qaub. Nws raug nquahu kom koj muaj dej huv hauv koj thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom yaug koj cov tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag thaum muaj kev sib tsoo nrog cov kua qaub.
- Thaum diluting cov kua qaub, ncuav cov kua qaub rau hauv dej, tsis yog dej rau hauv cov kua qaub. Tso dej rau hauv cov kua qaub uas muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau nws kub thiab ntws los ntawm lub ntim. Yog tias koj nchuav cov kua qaub rau hauv dej, cov cua sov los ntawm cov kua qaub yuav yaj tau zoo los ntawm cov dej.
