Kev khaws cov zaub mov tuaj yeem yog kev nyiam ua lom zem, ib feem vim tias muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov zaub mov los txheeb xyuas. Muaj ntau qhov kev sim koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tas yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb kom nqaim qhov ua tau ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov ntxhia. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj hauv kab lus no tseem tuaj yeem pab koj sib piv cov txiaj ntsig. Koj tseem tuaj yeem hla thawj ntu ntawm kab lus no thiab mus ncaj qha rau qhov kev piav qhia kom paub qee yam yam tsis tas yuav tsum ua qhov kev sim ua ntej. Piv txwv li, kev piav qhia ntxhia yuav pab koj paub qhov txawv ntawm kub los ntawm lwm cov ntxhia daj ci; kawm txog qhov ci iab, muaj xim zoo nkauj nyob rau ntawm pob zeb; lossis txheeb xyuas cov ntxhia tshwj xeeb uas tev tawm rau hauv cov ntawv thaum koj txhuam nws.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Ua Xeem
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb cais cov ntxhia thiab pob zeb
Minerals yog kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv qee yam qauv uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj. Txawm hais tias cov ntxhia tuaj yeem tshwm nyob rau ntau yam duab thiab xim vim yog txheej txheem txheej txheem keeb kwm lossis hauv qhov me me ntawm qhov tsis huv, feem ntau txhua cov ntxhia piv txwv yuav muaj qee yam uas koj tuaj yeem sim. Cov pob zeb, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab tsis muaj cov qauv siv lead ua. Cov ntxhia thiab pob zeb tsis yooj yim los qhia qhov txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov kev ntsuas no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig sib txawv hauv ib feem ntawm qhov khoom dua li lwm qhov, qhov khoom yuav zoo li pob zeb.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem sim txheeb xyuas lub pob zeb, lossis tsawg kawg sim txheeb xyuas hom pob zeb
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag siab cov cim ntxhia
Muaj ntau txhiab tus zaub mov hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis ntau ntawm lawv tsis tshua muaj, lossis tsuas yog pom pom tob hauv av. Qee zaum, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua ob lossis peb qhov kev xeem kom nqaim qhov khoom uas koj xav paub txog ib yam ntawm cov hom ntxhia uas tau teev tseg hauv ntu tom ntej. Yog tias koj cov yam ntxwv ntxhia tsis sib xws nrog cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no, sim tshawb nrhiav cov cim qhia ntxaws hauv koj thaj chaw. Yog tias koj tau ua ntau qhov kev sim, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem nqaim cov hom ntxhia tau rau ob lossis ntau dua, saib online rau cov duab ntawm cov zaub mov zoo sib xws thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau qhov txawv ntawm lawv.
Nrog rau yam tsawg kawg ib qho kev sim uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev xws li kev sim tawv lossis ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Kev sim uas tsuas yog saib thiab piav qhia cov ntxhia yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias tib neeg sib txawv tuaj yeem piav qhia cov ntxhia hauv ntau txoj kev
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntxhia saum npoo av
Qhov dav dav ntawm txhua lub pob zeb siv lead ua thiab cov qauv ntawm ib pab pawg muaju hu ua cwj pwm. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb geologist los piav qhia cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov zaub mov, tab sis cov lus piav qhia yooj yim feem ntau txaus. Piv txwv li, puas yog cov ntxhia ntxhia lossis du hauv qhov dej? Puas yog cov ntxhia ua los ntawm cov duab plaub uas sib tshooj sib tshooj. los yog cov nplais taw qhia?
Kauj Ruam 4. Pom qhov ci lossis ci ntawm koj cov zaub mov
Sparkle yog cov ntxhia txoj hauv kev ntawm kev pom lub teeb, thiab thaum qhov no tsis yog qhov kev sim ntsuas, nws feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig kom suav nrog cov ntxhia ci hauv nws cov lus piav qhia. Feem ntau cov zaub mov muaj "xim hlau" lossis "iav" ci. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem piav qhia cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab li "roj", "zoo li cov hlaws" (lub ntsej muag dawb), "zoo li lub ntiaj teb" (npub, zoo li cov iav tsis huv), lossis lwm yam kev piav qhia uas haum rau koj lub siab. Siv qee qhov adjectives yog tias koj xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua tib zoo saib cov xim ntawm cov ntxhia
Rau cov neeg feem coob, qhov no yog qhov kev sim yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua, tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm pab tau. Txawm tias me me ntawm lwm qhov sib xyaw hauv cov ntxhia tuaj yeem ua rau nws hloov xim. Yog li, ib hom ntxhia tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov ntxhia muaj xim tshwj xeeb, xws li ntshav, cov xim no tuaj yeem pab koj nqaim qhov ua tau.
Thaum piav qhia cov zaub mov, zam cov xim uas nyuaj piav qhia, xws li "salmon xim" thiab "coral". Siv cov lus yooj yim xws li "liab," "dub," thiab "ntsuab."
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas khawb
Qhov kev xeem no yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, tsuav yog koj muaj cov plooj (porcelain) dawb tsis muaj qhov ua tiav. Sab nraum qab ntawm chav ua noj lossis pobzeb chav dej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau koj; sim mus yuav ib lub khw khw. Thaum cov plooj (porcelain) muaj, txhuam cov ntxhia hla saum npoo, thiab saib cov xim ntawm "kos" nws tawm. Feem ntau, cov kab no yog xim sib txawv dua li cov pob zeb uas koj tab tom tuav.
- Siv cov plooj (porcelain) uas tsis muaj qhov ci. Cov txheej uas tsis yog glossy tsis cuam tshuam lub teeb.
- Nco ntsoov tias qee cov zaub mov yuav tsis khawb, tshwj xeeb yog cov tawv (vim tias lawv nyuaj dua li cov plooj (porcelain)).
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxhia pob zeb
Geologists feem ntau siv Mohs hardness scale, lub npe tom qab tus neeg tshawb pom, kom kwv yees sai txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntxhia. Yog tias koj dhau qhov "4" qhov kev sim nyuaj tab sis ua tsis tiav "5" qhov kev sim tawv, koj cov nplai pob zeb hnyav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 4 txog 5, thiab koj tuaj yeem tso tseg kev sim. Sim ua qhov khawb tas mus li siv cov zaub mov no ib txwm muaj (lossis cov zaub mov pom hauv qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav), pib ntawm qis tshaj mus rau siab tshaj, yog tias ua tiav:
- 1 - Yooj yim khawb nrog cov rau tes, xav tias muaj roj thiab mos (lossis tuaj yeem ua rau khawb nrog talc)
- 2 - Yuav khawb tau siv cov ntsia hlau (gypsum)
- 3 - tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam lossis ntsia hlau yooj yim, tuaj yeem khawb nrog nyiaj npib (calcite)
- 4 - Tau khawb nrog rab riam yooj yim (hmoov nplej)
- 5 - Tau khawb nrog rab riam, tab sis nyuaj; tuaj yeem khawb siv iav (apatite)
- 6 - tuaj yeem khawb nrog cov ntawv hlau; tuaj yeem khawb iav, tab sis nyuaj (orthoclase)
- 7 - Tau khawb cov ntaub ntawv hlau, tuaj yeem khawb iav yooj yim (quartz)
- 8 - Tau khawb (topaz)
- 9 - Yuav khawb yuav luag txhua yam, tuaj yeem txiav iav (corundum)
- 10 - Yuav khawb lossis txiav yuav luag txhua yam (pob zeb diamond)
Kauj Ruam 8. Ua kom cov pob zeb ntxhib thiab saib cov pob txha tawg
Vim tias cov ntxhia muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tawg hauv qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog tias cov pob txha tawg tshwm rau ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov chaw tiaj tus, cov ntxhia qhia tau tias "cleavage". Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, nws yog nkhaus lossis ntais, cov ntxhia muaj "tawg".
- Cleavage tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau dua raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tiaj tiaj uas tsim qhov ua txhaum (feem ntau ntawm ib thiab plaub), thiab seb cov ntxhia saum npoo yog "zoo meej" (du), lossis "tsis zoo" (ntxhib).
- Cov pob zeb pob zeb tawg muaj ntau hom. Piav nws li tawg (lossis "hlua"), ntse thiab jagged, lub tais zoo li (conchoidal), los yog tsis (tsis ncaj ncees).
Kauj Ruam 9. Ua lwm qhov kev sim yog tias koj cov ntxhia tseem tsis tau txheeb xyuas
Muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuas ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb geologist txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntxhia. Nws tsuas yog tias ntau qhov kev ntsuas nyiaj tsis siv rau cov zaub mov feem ntau, lossis yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom phom sij. Nov yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm qee qhov kev sim uas koj yuav xav sim:
- Yog tias koj cov ntxhia txuas nrog cov hlau nplaum, feem ntau nws yuav yog cov hlau nplaum, tsuas yog cov ntxhia uas muaj cov hlau nplaum muaj zog. Yog tias qhov kev nyiam tsis muaj zog, lossis cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis sib xws nrog koj cov ntxhia, nws zoo li pyrrhotite, franklinite, lossis ilmenite.
- Qee cov ntxhia yaj tau yooj yim hauv lub tswm ciab lossis cov nplaim hluav taws, thaum lwm tus yuav tsis yaj txawm tias hlawv thaum kub ntau. Cov ntxhia uas yaj tau yooj yim muaj lub zog "yaj" ntau dua li lwm cov ntxhia uas nyuaj rau yaj.
- Qee cov zaub mov muaj qhov txawv txav. Piv txwv li, pob zeb ntsev (halite) muaj ntsev zoo li saj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum sim ua pob zeb saj zoo li no, tsis txhob yaim nws tam sim ntawd. Ntub koj cov ntiv tes, rub nws hla saum npoo ntawm cov qauv pob zeb, tom qab ntawd yaim koj cov ntiv tes.
- Yog tias koj cov ntxhia muaj qhov ntxhiab tsw txawv, sim piav qhia nws thiab tshawb hauv online rau cov ntxhia uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw muaj tsawg, txawm hais tias cov zaub ntsuab daj daj tuaj yeem ua rau hnov mob thiab tsim cov ntxhiab zoo ib yam li cov qe lwj.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Khoom Uas Muaj Nqis
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem ntu yav dhau los yog tias koj tsis nkag siab cov lus piav qhia
Cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no siv ntau cov ntsiab lus thiab tus lej los piav qhia lub cev, tawv, pom tom qab tawg, lossis lwm yam ntxwv. Yog tias koj tsis nkag siab tiag tiag qhov no txhais li cas, nyeem nqe lus saum toj no rau kev piav qhia ntawm kev sim ntxhia.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhov feem ntau siv lead ua ntxhia yog quartz. Quartz yog cov ntxhia ntau heev, thiab nws cov duab ci lossis zoo li cov duab zoo nyiam ntau tus neeg sau khoom. Quartz qhov nyuaj yog 7 ntawm Mohs nplai, thiab nws muaj txhua hom pob txha tawg thaum puas ntsoog, tsis txhob muab qhov tawg tawg kiag li. Quartz tawm tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) dawb. Cov lus ci yog iav, lossis ci ntsa iab.
Milky Quartz pob tshab, sawv quartz pink, thiab amethyst liab doog
Kauj Ruam 3. Cov tawv tawv, ci iab yam tsis muaj nplais tuaj yeem yog lwm hom quartz, hu ua "chert"
Txhua hom quartz yog cov ntxhia pob zeb, tab sis qee qhov hu ua "cryptocrystalline," uas yog cov nplais uas me me uas lub qhov muag tsis pom lawv. Yog tias cov ntxhia muaj qhov tawv ntawm 7, tawg, thiab iav ci, nws yog tej zaum hom quartz hu ua ua chert. Cov ntxhia no feem ntau pom muaj xim av lossis txho.
"Flint" yog ib hom chert, tab sis tau muab cais ua ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, qee tus neeg tuaj yeem xa mus rau dub chert li cov nplaim taws, thaum lwm tus tsuas yog hu nws lub pob zeb yog tias cov ntxhia tso tawm qee qhov ci lossis pom muaj qee lub pob zeb
Kauj Ruam 4. Cov ntxhia nrog cov kab txaij txaij feem ntau yog hom chalcedony. Chalcedony yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm quartz thiab lwm cov ntxhia, moganite. Muaj ntau hom zaub mov uas muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Cov hauv qab no yog ob qho ntawm feem ntau:
- Onyx yog ib hom chalcedony uas muaj cov qauv ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Cov xim feem ntau yog xim dub lossis dawb, tab sis tuaj yeem yog lwm yam xim.
- Agate muaj cov qauv ntuag ntais, thiab tuaj yeem pom muaj ntau yam xim sib txawv. Cov ntxhia no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntshiab quartz, chalcedony, lossis lwm yam ntxhia zoo sib xws.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib seb koj cov ntxhia muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li feldspar. Ntxiv rau ntau hom quartz, feldspar Nws tseem yog cov ntxhia uas pom muaj ntau. Nws muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm 6 ntawm Mohs nplai, tawm cov kab dawb dawb, thiab tuaj yeem pom muaj ntau yam xim thiab luster. Qhov ua txhaum ua ob lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj, nrog lub ntsej muag ncaj ncaj, thiab yuav luag ntawm txoj cai kaum rau ib leeg.
Kauj Ruam 6. Yog tias cov pob zeb ntxhib tawm thaum rub, nws yuav yog mica
Cov ntxhia no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim vim tias nws tev tawm rau hauv cov ntawv nyias nyias, uas hloov pauv tau thaum khawb los ntawm cov rau tes lossis txawm tias thaum rub nrog tus ntiv tes. Muscovite mica lossis dawb mica yog lub teeb xim av lossis tsis muaj xim, thaum biotite miv los yog dub mica tsaus xim av lossis dub, nrog xim av-grey streaks.
Kauj Ruam 7. Paub qhov sib txawv ntawm kub thiab kub kub. Pyrite, uas feem ntau xav tias yog kub, muaj xim daj xim hlau, tab sis qee qhov kev sim tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm kub tiag. Nws qhov tawv yog 6 lossis ntau dua, thaum kub ntau dua, nrog qhov tawv ntawm 2 thiab 3. Cov ntxhia no ua rau cov xim ntsuab-dub, thiab tuaj yeem tsoo rau hauv cov hmoov uas muaj lub siab txaus.
Marcasite yog lwm cov ntxhia zoo ib yam li pyrite. Lub caij no, pyrite muaju zoo li lub voos xwmfab, marcasite zoo li rab koob.
Kauj Ruam 8. Cov zaub ntsuab thiab xiav feem ntau yog malachite lossis azurite. Ob qho ntawm cov zaub mov no muaj tooj liab, ntxiv rau lwm cov zaub mov. Tooj muab malachite tsaus xim ntsuab, thaum azurite hloov xiav. Ob qho zaub mov no feem ntau pom ua ke, thiab muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm 3 thiab 4.
Kauj Ruam 9. Siv lub vev xaib lossis phau ntawv qhia ntxhia txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lwm cov zaub mov
Koj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb hauv cheeb tsam yuav muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov zaub mov pom nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawd. Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem txheeb xyuas cov ntxhia, sim hauv online, xws li minerals.net, txhawm rau saib koj cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem thiab phim lawv tiv thaiv cov zaub mov muaj peev xwm.
