Thaum koj tuav lub pob zeb tawg, pob zeb hauv koj txhais tes yog ib yam khoom qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov pob zeb hluav taws kub tau tsim los ntawm lava, magma, lossis tshauv los ntawm volcanic eruptions lossis ntws.. Cov pob zeb hluav taws kub muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pab koj paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm hom pob zeb, nrog rau txheeb xyuas hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb tawg uas koj muaj.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Pob Zeb Volcanic
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb cais cov pob zeb volcanic ua ob hom loj:
intrusive igneous rock thiab extrusive igneous rock. Txhua yam ntawm cov pob zeb no muaj qee yam khoom siv uas yuav pab qhia qhov txawv ntawm hom pob zeb tawg uas yog koj li.
- Magma yog cov khoom siv yaj uas ntws hauv qab lub ntiaj teb. Cov pob zeb hluav taws kub tau tsim los ntawm txias magma.
- Qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb, ntxiv rau sai npaum li cas magma txias yuav txiav txim siab seb hom pob zeb tawg.
- Cov pob zeb uas tsis txaus ntseeg tau tsim los ntawm magma uas txias tob hauv lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Vim tias qhov no tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb saum npoo av, magma yuav txias heev.
- Magma yuav tsim muaju thaum nws txias.
- Cov pob zeb uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab muaj cov pob zeb loj dua uas feem ntau sib sau ua ke thiab tsim cov pob zeb loj.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis txaus ntseeg yog granite.
- Magma uas ntws hla lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab hu ua lava.
- Extrusive igneous rock yog tsim los ntawm kev txias sai ntawm lava saum lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av.
- Extrusive igneous rock muaj qhov me me, yuav luag me me muaju. Cov pob zeb no feem ntau raug xa mus ua cov pob zeb zoo nkauj. Feem ntau koj tsis tuaj yeem pom nws nrog qhov muag liab qab.
- Qhov feem ntau hom pob zeb extrusive yog basalt.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas koj hom pob zeb
Muaj 7 qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhib los mos hauv pob zeb volcanic, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb.
- Pegmatite pob zeb muaj cov nplais loj heev, nrog rau qhov loj tshaj li 1 cm. Qhov no yog hom pob zeb tawg uas ua kom txias tshaj plaws.
- Nco ntsoov, ntev dua lub pob zeb txias, qhov loj dua qhov siv lead ua.
- Phaneritic volcanic pob zeb suav nrog sib cuam tshuam cov muaju uas me dua li cov muaju hauv pegmatitic pob zeb, tab sis tseem tuaj yeem pom nrog qhov muag pom.
- Porphyritic pob zeb muaj ob qhov sib txawv siv lead ua sib txawv, feem ntau nrog cov muaju loj nyob hauv thaj tsam me me.
- Cov pob zeb Afhanitic muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj heev thiab feem ntau ntawm cov muaju me me dhau los pom nrog qhov muag liab qab. Koj yuav xav tau lub iav tsom iav kom pom cov muaju hauv cov pob zeb aphanitic.
- Cov pob zeb hluav taws uas ua kom txias sai dhau los ua cov muaju muaj cov iav zoo nkauj. Obsidian yog tib lub roob hluav taws uas muaj cov iav zoo nkauj, thiab tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm nws cov xim dub. Lub pob zeb no zoo li iav dub khov.
- Vesicular pob zeb, xws li pumice, muaj npuas thiab tsim ua ntej roj tuaj yeem khiav tawm thaum lava tau tawg. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias sai heev.
- Pyroclastic pob zeb muaj qhov ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tawg tawg tawg uas yog los ntawm cov nplua heev (tshauv) mus rau ntxhib heev (tuff thiab breccia) textures.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib koj cov pob zeb muaj pes tsawg leeg
Muaj pes tsawg leeg hais txog feem pua ntawm cov zaub mov hauv koj pob zeb. Koj yuav xav tau phau ntawv qhia pob zeb txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov zaub mov muaj nyob hauv pob zeb. Muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv cov pob zeb volcanic:
- Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem nyuaj heev yog tias koj tsis yog tus kws paub txog pob zeb lossis kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm.
- Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog yuav txheeb xyuas pob zeb li cas, hu rau tus neeg sau khoom lossis tus kws tshawb fawb geologist ntawm koj lub tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab.
- Felsic pob zeb muaj lub teeb xim. Nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj feem ntau ntawm feldspar thiab silicates xws li quartz.
- Granite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb felsic.
- Felsic pob zeb muaj qhov ntom ntom thiab muaj 0-15% mafic muaju. Mafic cov zaub mov yog olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, thiab biotite.
- Mafic pob zeb yog xim dub thiab feem ntau muaj magnesium thiab hlau. Pob zeb no muaj cov mafic ntxhia pob zeb ntau li 46-85% thiab muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom.
- Basalt yog piv txwv ntawm mafic pob zeb.
- Ultramafic pob zeb kuj muaj xim tsaus dua thiab muaj cov zaub mov ntau dua li cov pob zeb mafic. Pob zeb no muaj cov mafic ntxhia cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 85%.
- Dunite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb ultramafic.
- Cov pob zeb nruab nrab muaj mafic ntxhia pob zeb ntau li 15-45%. Pob zeb no muaj yuav luag tib yam ntawm felsic thiab mafic cov zaub mov thiab muaj xim nruab nrab (sib xyaw ntawm cov xim thawj thiab qib thib ob).
- Diorite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb nruab nrab.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Qhov txawv ntawm Hom Pob Zeb Hom
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub qhov sib txawv ntawm peb hom pob zeb loj
Peb hom pob zeb tseem ceeb yog pob zeb volcanic, metamorphic rock (malih), thiab pob zeb sedimentary.
- Cov pob zeb hluav taws kub tau tsim los ntawm kev nrawm lossis qeeb txias ntawm magma/lava.
- Metamorphic pob zeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tshav kub, siab, lossis kev ua haujlwm tshuaj.
- Sedimentary pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb me me, cov pob txha, thiab cov pob zeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib cov cim hauv daim ntawv txheej ntawm koj lub pob zeb
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov txheej tawg tawg tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas hom pob zeb tseem ceeb uas koj muaj.
- Yog tias pob zeb muaj txheej, nws yuav muaj ntu ntawm cov xim sib txawv thiab yuav lossis tsis muaj cov muaju me me los yog pob zeb. Koj yuav tsum pom nws siv lub iav tsom iav.
- Hauv ntu ntu, txheej txheej hauv pob zeb yuav zoo li kab txaij ntawm ntau yam xim uas sib tshooj ib leeg.
- Muaj txheej diffuse tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas hom pob zeb tseem ceeb uas koj muaj.
- Volcanic pob zeb tsis muaj txheej. Yog tias koj lub pob zeb muaj txheej txheej, nws yog cov pob zeb hloov pauv lossis pob zeb ua pob zeb.
- Sedimentary pob zeb muaj txheej du, zoo li shale, thiab muaj cov av, xuab zeb, thiab pob zeb.
- Sedimentary pob zeb tuaj yeem muaj cov muaju. Yog tias cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv koj lub pob zeb suav nrog cov nplais ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, koj lub pob zeb yog pob zeb ua pob zeb.
- Cov pob zeb Metamorphic muaj txheej uas muaj cov nplais ntawm qhov loj me.
- Cov txheej hauv cov pob zeb metamorphic tseem muaj qhov khoov thiab tsis xwm yeem.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshawb xyuas koj lub pob zeb kom pom cov cim ntawm cov nplej
Koj yuav xav tau lub iav tsom iav los ua qhov no, vim tias qee cov nplej thiab muaju tuaj yeem ua rau me me uas koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv nrog qhov muag liab qab. Yog tias koj lub pob zeb zoo li muaj cov nplej, npaj mus rau qib tom ntej los cais koj cov pob zeb los ntawm hom nplej. Yog tias tsis pom cov nplej, siv cov qauv hauv qab no los cais koj pob zeb:
- Volcanic pob zeb yog tuab heev thiab tawv. Cov pob zeb no tuaj yeem ua rau pom iav.
- Metamorphic pob zeb tuaj yeem zoo li iav. Koj tuaj yeem qhia lawv sib nrug ntawm cov pob zeb tawg los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov pob zeb hloov pauv zoo li yuav tawg, lub teeb, thiab muaj xim dub tsis pom kev.
- Sedimentary pob zeb uas tsis muaj cov nplej yuav zoo li cov av qhuav lossis av nkos.
- Sedimentary pob zeb tsis muaj cov nplej kuj zoo li yuav du, vim tias lawv feem ntau yooj yim khawb los ntawm cov rau tes. Cov pob zeb no tseem hnov mob rau hydrochloric acid
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb cais hom nplej hauv koj pob zeb
Nco ntsoov, tsis yog txhua lub pob zeb muaj cov nplej pom. Cov nplej yuav zoo li sau cov xuab zeb, pob zeb, lossis cov muaju me me.
- Tsuas yog cov pob zeb metamorphic thiab sedimentary muaj fossils. Sedimentary pob zeb tuaj yeem muaj cov pob zeb uas zoo li zoo li qub los yog decomposed ntawm nplooj, plhaub, hneev taw, thiab lwm yam. Metamorphic pob zeb muaj tsuas yog cov pob txha uas tau tawg.
- Sedimentary pob zeb muaj cov nplej suav nrog cov xuab zeb, av av, lossis pob zeb. Cov nplej no tuaj yeem ua puag ncig (clastic), lossis suav nrog lwm cov pob zeb.
- Yog tias cov nplej hauv koj lub pob zeb muaj cov nplais, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia thiab qhov loj ntawm cov siv lead ua los txheeb xyuas lub pob zeb.
- Cov pob zeb hluav taws kub muaj cov nplais hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv. Cov pob zeb no tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov nplais loj nrog cov muaju me me hauv lub hauv paus loj.
- Sedimentary pob zeb muaj cov nplais uas yooj yim tawg lossis khawb.
- Cov pob zeb Metamorphic muaj cov nplais uas muaj cov kab txaij lossis zoo li lub ntsej muag. Cov lus qhia no feem ntau ntev thiab tsis tu ncua hauv cov qauv sib luag.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib koj lub pob zeb kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntxiv
Koj yuav tsum tau saib kom pom cov qauv hlau lossis cov kab uas tsis tau pom dua.
- Cov pob zeb uas muaj cov xim hlau zoo li cov nplais lossis du zoo nkauj yog cov pob zeb metamorphic.
- Cov pob zeb roob hluav taws tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo nkauj vesicular. Qhov no yog thaum lub pob zeb zoo li muaj qhov pores nrog ntau qhov.
- Pumice yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb uas muaj kev ntxhib los mos nrog ntau qhov pores.
- Volcanic pob zeb nyuaj heev. Ntau hom pob zeb hluavtaws muaj cov qauv ntxhib ntxhib rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw.
