Marathi yog lus Indo-European hais los ntawm cov neeg ntawm Maharashtra, Is Nrias teb, thiab yog ib yam ntawm cov lus siv nyob rau sab hnub poob Is Nrias teb. Muab hais tias Marathi tsis tau hais ntau npaum li cov lus zoo li Hindi thiab Bengali, nrhiav qhov chaw uas muaj cov kev kawm Marathi sab nraud ntawm Is Nrias teb tuaj yeem nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev. Yog tias koj xav kawm Marathi, txoj hauv kev zoo los pib yog los ntawm kev lees paub cov lus yooj yooj yim, kab lus thiab cov qauv txheej txheem. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho koj txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov lus los ntawm kev nyeem Marathi cov ntawv, saib cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab TV qhia hauv Marathi, thiab muaj kev sib tham zoo ib yam nrog cov neeg hais lus Marathi.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Paub Txog Txoj Cai Hauv Paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Cim tus neeg tseem ceeb tshaj tawm
Kev hais lus tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv Marathi - qhov tseeb, 20% ntawm kev sib tham niaj hnub feem ntau suav nrog tus kheej cov lus hais. Pronouns kuj yog qhov chaw zoo los pib kawm lus. Feem ntau cov lus hais tus kheej hauv Marathi yog:
- mi (kuv)
- tias (koj)
- rau (nws (txiv neej))
- ti (nws (poj niam))
- te [txiv neej]/ yog [poj niam] (lawv)
- aamhi / aapan (peb)
- Nco ntsoov tias Marathi muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam ntawm kev hais lus tus kheej.
- Kuj tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej poj niam txiv neej thib peb rau feem ntau cov npe hu ua cov lus nruab nrab uas feem ntau xaus nrog "e". Hauv cov lus nruab nrab, ib lub npe xws li txiv neej "ghoda" (nees) dhau los ua "ghode," tsis muaj tus txiv neej tshwj xeeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm paub yam khoom ncaj qha rau txhua tus kheej lub npe
Cov khoom ncaj qha hauv kab lus tau txais cov khoom ncaj qha lossis nws qhov tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, hauv kab lus "Tus neeg khaws nyiaj tau xa daim ntawv txais nyiaj rau kuv," cov khoom ncaj qha yog "Kuv". Thaum siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis ncaj, lub ntsiab lus tus kheej ua:
- mala (kuv)
- tula (koj)
- tyala (nws (txiv neej))
- tila (nws (poj niam))
- aamhala (peb)
- te / tyana (lawv).
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab qhov qauv kab lus raug
Hauv Marathi, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus los ua ntej, ua raws li lub hom phiaj, thiab thaum kawg cov lus qhia. Hais tias "Kuv hais lus Marathi," piv txwv li, koj yuav hais "mi marathi bolto." Kev sau kab lus nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yuav tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm ob yam uas cov lus qhia txuas nrog.
Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus-cov lus-qhia ua piv txwv suav nrog "tine tyala patra lihile" ("Nws sau nws tsab ntawv") thiab "rau ingarji baolato" ("Nws hais lus Askiv")
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas cov npe qub
Cov lus no hais txog khoom, qhov chaw, qhia, tswv yim, thiab txhua yam uas tuaj yeem yog cov ncauj lus lossis cov khoom ntawm kab lus. Muaj ntau ntau lub npe los kawm, thiab lawv yuav nyuaj dua li koj nkag siab cov lus tsim. Txog tam sim no, mob siab rau kawm cov lus yooj yim, xws li:
- "txiv neej" (purush)
- "poj niam" (stri)
- "miv" (maanjr)
- "tsev" (ghr)
- "khau" (tab sis)
- “Tshais” (nyaahaari)
Kauj Ruam 5. Paub qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Thaum kawm cov lus tshiab, nws tuaj yeem pab tau kom pib nrog cov lus hais thiab cov lus nug uas koj yuav siv txhua hnub. Piv txwv li, "Tu kasa ashes," txhais tau tias "Koj nyob li cas?" Koj kuj tseem xav hais tias "mazha nav Carol ahe" ("Kuv lub npe yog Carol"), lossis "mi America hon alo" ("Kuv tuaj ntawm Asmeskas"). Lwm cov nqe lus muaj txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- "namaskar" ("Nyob zoo")
- "yeto" [txiv neej]/"yete" [poj niam] ("Nyob Zoo")
- "thumhala bhetun anandha jhala" ("Zoo siab tau ntsib koj")
- "abhari ahe" ("Ua tsaug")
- "Kuv thov txim" ("Thov txim")
- "mala samajatha nahi" ("Kuv tsis nkag siab")
- "Punha sanga" ("Hais ib zaug ntxiv thov")
- "Sanas Kuthe huh?" ("Qhov tso quav nyob qhov twg?")
Kauj Ruam 6. Kawm cov ntawv Marathi
Marathi siv Devanagari cov tsiaj ntawv los tsim cov ntawv sib txuas thiab vowels rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj 33 lub cim tseem ceeb thiab 9 vowels, ua rau 297 lub suab uas tuaj yeem ua khub thiab ua ke kom ua cov lus ntev dua. Cov tsiaj ntawv ua tiav yog raws li hauv qab no (cov tsiaj ntawv hauv kab zauv qhia IAST kev hloov ua lus Indonesian):
- ("ib")
- ("ā")
- ("kuv")
- "ī")
- ("ua")
- ("ū")
- ("ṛ")
- ("ṝ")
- ("ḷ")
- ("ḹ")
- ("e")
- ("iav")
- ("o")
- ("ua")
- ("Ib" ṃ ")
- ("Ib" ḥ ")
- / ("ê")
- ("ô")
- ("koj")
- ("qha")
- ("yog")
- ("yog")
- ("Yog")
- ("hais")
- ("cav")
- ("chaw")
- ("yog")
- ("yaj")
- ("Yog")
- ("yog")
- ("Yog")
- ("Yog")
- ("Hlo")
- ("Yog")
- ("Hlo")
- ("Yog")
- ("rau")
- ("Yog")
- ("tso")
- ("thau")
- ("yog")
- ("dab")
- ("yog")
- ("laj")
- ("sib")
- ("pab")
- ("pab")
- ("ib")
- ("dab")
- ("mam")
- ("ua")
- Cov tsiaj ntawv Devanagari tau sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis hauv kab kab rov tav, zoo li ntau yam lus European. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov tib neeg uas paub txog Western kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv.
- Txhua lub suab vowel sib txawv qhia tias yuav hais lo lus li cas. Piv txwv li, “aṃ” qhia txog qhov ntswg ntswg, thaum lub suab “ah” yuav tsum ua pa hnyav me ntsis thaum kawg ntawm lub suab lus.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Kawm los ntawm Cov Chaw Tsoos
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau npe rau chav kawm Marathi hauv koj cheeb tsam
Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj cov neeg Khab coob, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib tus neeg uas qhia Marathi. Ib daim ntawv teev cov kev kawm lus txawv teb chaws muaj nyob hauv koj lub tsev kawm qib siab lossis zej zog yog qhov chaw zoo pib. Uas tau hais tias, kev qhia paub yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los kawm vim tias nws yuav tso cai rau koj ua raws cov txheej txheem kawm ib txwm muaj thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cov neeg uas hais lus.
- Siv lub zog hauv internet los nrhiav cov chav Marathi nyob ze koj los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav lo lus tseem ceeb "Marathi" thiab lub npe ntawm koj lub nroog.
- Saib rau kev tshaj tawm hauv ntawv xov xwm, daim ntawv tshaj tawm, thiab pab pawg sib tham hauv social media uas tshaj tawm cov chav kawm ntiag tug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav tus kws qhia online
Cov vev xaib zoo li italki thiab VerbalPlanet yuav pab cov tub ntxhais kawm paub paub qhia tus kheej hauv internet. Cov chav kawm feem ntau yog ua los ntawm Skype, uas yuav muab sijhawm rau koj los qhia qhov koj paub hauv kev coj ua hauv kev sib tham nrog koj tus kws qhia. Hom kev sib tham tseem tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li nws qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyeem thiab sau ntawv.
- Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov chav kawm uas tsim rau ib tus tub ntxhais kawm lossis rau ib pab pawg, nyob ntawm lub vev xaib lossis kev pabcuam koj siv.
- Kev Kawm Qhib Online Loj (lossis MOOCs) yog lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv tau. Kev qhib kev nkag mus thiab qhov txwv tsis pub muaj chav kawm muab los ntawm lub vev xaib no ua rau nws ua tau rau txhua tus neeg nyiam kawm kawm hauv kev nplij siab ntawm lawv tus kheej lub tsev.
Kauj Ruam 3. Yuav cov ntawv Marathi uas luam tawm
Kev kawm tus kheej los ntawm phau ntawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj tom ntej yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau chav kawm los koom. Cov lus txawv teb chaws ntawm cov khw muag khoom feem ntau tau ntim cov phau ntawv luam tawm nrog cov lus hais los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nws muaj peev xwm Marathi yuav nyob nruab nrab. Nrog cov ntawv luam tawm, koj tuaj yeem kawm ntawm koj tus kheej nrawm thiab tau txais cov hauv paus ntawm cov lus hauv cov chav kawm zom tau yooj yim.
- Ib qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus yog tias cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tau piav nyob rau hauv cov lus txiav txim kom nws yooj yim ua raws yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm kws qhia ntawv.
- Sim kawm tsawg kawg 1-2 tshooj lossis tshooj lus txhua lub lim tiam, lossis thaum twg koj lub sijhawm tso cai.
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib cov lus thiab kab lus hauv internet
Internet tau muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv dav dav rau me ntsis lossis tsis muaj nqi, suav nrog cov peev txheej pub dawb xws li FluentU thiab Livemocha. Sib piv ntau qhov chaw kom txog thaum koj pom ib qho uas muab Marathi. Cov phiaj xwm kev qhia ntawm cov chaw no yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg paub lus zoo thiab tsim los kom cov neeg kawm tau zoo nyob rau txhua qib.
Cov chaw zoo li no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj xav tau saib lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus lossis nrhiav txoj hauv kev los hais ib kab lus sai
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txhim Kho Koj Li Kev Txawj Nkag Siab Cov Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab TV hauv Marathi
Marathi muaj kev lag luam ua yeeb yaj kiab vam meej, thiab qhov kev tsim khoom no tuaj yeem pab ua cov cuab yeej kawm tau zoo hauv nws tus kheej txoj cai. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias koj nqus tau qhov koj pom, pib nrog txoj haujlwm tsom mus rau cov neeg mloog hluas thiab ua koj txoj hauv kev los ntawm qhov ntawd. Ua tib zoo mloog rau kev sib tham thiab pom pes tsawg lo lus thiab kab lus koj tuaj yeem nco tau.
- Yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau, qhib cov lus hauv koj hom lus. Pom kev sib tham sau yuav pab koj ua qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov koj hnov thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub vijtsam.
- Cov yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau qhia cov neeg zoo tib yam hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, uas txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Kauj Ruam 2. Mloog suab paj nruag Marathi
Txuas lub mloog pob ntseg thiab mloog Bela Shende lossis Raja Hasan thaum tawm dag zog lossis ntawm txoj kev rov los tsev los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Vim yog nws cov qauv nkauj tsis yooj yim thiab rov ua dua, cov nkauj nrov tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov txuj ci yam tsis xav tias zoo li lub nra. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm kev siv suab paj nruag los pab kev kawm yog tias koj tuaj yeem ncua thiab rov hais dua zaj nkauj thaum twg koj nkag mus rau ntu uas koj tsis nkag siab.
- Maharashtra tau tsim ntau tus neeg hu nkauj rov ua yeeb yaj kiab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian, yog li ntawd cov nkauj hauv cheeb tsam muaj suab hu nkauj hauv Marathi.
- Koj tuaj yeem pom cov kaw suab ntawm ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam Marathi nto moo ntawm cov vev xaib zoo li YouTube.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nyeem cov ntawv luv hauv Marathi
Yuav cov ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv xov xwm luam tawm hauv Marathi thiab sim txhais nws ntau npaum li koj tuaj yeem ua tau. Nws yog qhov kev tawm dag zog zoo kom pom ntau lub cim ntawm Marathi cov tsiaj ntawv. Raws li koj qhov kev nkag siab nce ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj xws li cov dab neeg tshiab lossis cov ntawv sau engineering.
- Tsom ntsoov rau lub npe, cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm cov kab lus luv luv hauv koj qhov kev pib ua kom tsis txhob ntxhov siab.
- Cov menyuam yaus phau ntawv thiab lullabies yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo los txhuam koj qhov kev paub pib ntawm Marathi cov qauv sau ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tham nrog ib tus phooj ywg uas hais lus Marathi
Nug ib tus neeg hais lus zoo hauv Marathi yog nws lossis nws puas kam pab koj xyaum los ntawm kev tham luv luv. Nws yuav tuaj yeem hloov kho rau koj qib kev muaj peev xwm, pab koj hais tawm suab, thiab hloov kho qhov koj ua yuam kev. Thaum nws los txog rau kev kawm hais lus yam tsis paub, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua li kev siv tes ua.
- Coob leej neeg Khab hais ntau dua ib hom lus. Tej zaum koj tus phooj ywg muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov lus Marathi, txawm tias nws tsis yog los ntawm Maharashtra.
- Yog tias koj tsis paub leej twg hais lus Marathi tus kheej, sim nrhiav phooj ywg online nrog leej twg koj tuaj yeem tham ntawm Skype lossis FaceTime.
Lub tswv yim
- Feem ntau nws yooj yim dua los kawm hais lus Marathi ua ntej kawm nyeem thiab sau nws.
- Marathi yog hom lus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv keeb kwm thiab kev siv. Hais lus, nyeem ntawv, lossis sau ntawv zoo tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau xyoo.
- Teeb tsa cov lus pom ntawm koj lub xov tooj, ntsiav tshuaj lossis khoos phis tawj rau Marathi tuaj yeem muab kev paub ntau ntxiv txog kev paub thaum koj ua tau zoo.
