Malaria yog kab mob uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev yoov tom nqa cov kab mob malaria. Yog tias tsis kho, tus neeg mob malaria tuaj yeem ntsib teeb meem hnyav thiab txawm tias tuag. Txawm hais tias tam sim no tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws, kev kho mob feem ntau ua tiav hauv kev kho nws. Kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm koj lub peev xwm los paub qhov xwm txheej thiab cov tsos mob, nrog rau kev kho kom ntxov li sai tau.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Kab Mob Malaria
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav raug tus mob npaws
Thaum qee cov pejxeem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua, leej twg tuaj yeem kis mob malaria. Koj yuav tsum paub qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai kom koj tuaj yeem tshawb pom qhov ua tau ntawm tus kab mob no. Hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kis los ntawm kev hloov ntshav lossis hloov pauv lub cev yog tias cov kws kho mob ua yuam kev hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg pub nyiaj. Kev sib faib koob kuj tseem tuaj yeem kis tus mob npaws. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tus kab mob no feem ntau kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum tom, feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus mob npaws npaws tau pom nyob hauv huab cua sov thiab huab cua sov.
- CDC (Asmeskas Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob) muab cov npe kev pheej hmoo kis mob malaria los ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov tebchaws uas muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau mob npaws suav nrog Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Liberia, thiab lwm yam. Cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm tus mob npaws yog pom sab qab teb ntawm Sahara, Africa.
- Txog cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kev pheej hmoo no tsis yog tsuas yog ntsib los ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov tebchaws no, tab sis kuj yog cov uas tuaj ntsib lawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob malaria tom qab mus xyuas lub tebchaws uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab
Feem ntau, mob npaws muaj lub sijhawm tsim tawm txog 7-30 hnub kom txog thaum cov tsos mob pib tshwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj los ntawm lub tebchaws uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg, koj yuav xav noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws raws li kev ceeb toom ua ntej. Txawm hais tias koj kis tus mob malaria tom qab noj nws, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab yuav siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Yuav kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, paub txog cov tsos mob malaria 1 xyoos tag nrho tom qab mus ntsib thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Nco qab tus kws kho mob txog koj qhov kev mus txhua lub sijhawm koj tshuaj xyuas koj tus mob thaum lub sijhawm 1 xyoos.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab txog hom mob malaria sib txawv
Malaria feem ntau nthuav tawm ib qho ntawm peb yam hauv qab no: malaria tsis yooj yim, malaria hnyav, lossis malaria rov tshwm sim. Malaria tsis yooj yim yog hom kab mob feem ntau, tab sis nws tsis tshua pom nyob hauv tsev kho mob vim tias tib neeg yuam kev nws los ua khaub thuas, mob khaub thuas, lossis kis mob sib kis. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo feem ntau tuaj yeem paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm malaria tsis yooj yim thiab kho nws tus kheej. Qhov malaria hnyav, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua rau tuag taus. Qhov mob no xav tau kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev. Kev rov kis mob npaws tom qab thawj qhov kev tawm tsam feem ntau mus yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv vim tias nws tsis tas li nrog cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm malaria tsis yooj yim
Cov mob npaws tsis yooj yim tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv "rov ua dua" uas feem ntau kav ntev li 6-10 teev. Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam no, tus neeg mob yuav nkag mus rau qhov txias, kub, thiab tom qab ntawd tawm hws.
- Hauv theem txias, tus neeg mob yuav hnov txias thiab tshee.
- Thaum lub sijhawm ua npaws, tus neeg mob yuav ua npaws, mob taub hau, thiab ntuav. Cov menyuam yaus kuj tseem qaug dab peg.
- Hauv lub sijhawm tawm hws, tus neeg mob yuav hnov nkees thiab hws ntau dhau thaum lub cev rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
- Lwm cov tsos mob suav nrog tawv nqaij daj thiab ua pa nrawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm malaria hnyav
Coob leej neeg ntsib cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb xws li mob taub hau, qaug zog, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab mob lub cev. Yog tias tus kab mob malaria zuj zus mus rau qhov uas nws cuam tshuam nrog lub cev, ntshav, lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zom zaub mov, cov tsos mob yuav hnyav dua. Mob hnyav heev ua rau neeg tuag taus, thiab xav tau kev kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob lossis kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm ceev yog tias koj muaj ib yam ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Hloov pauv tus cwj pwm txawv
- Tsis nco qab
- Qaug dab peg
- Anemia (koj yuav saib daj ntseg, hnov nkees heev lossis tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau, thiab muaj palpitations)
- Cov zis tsaus lossis liab (vim yog hemoglobin)
- Ua pa nyuaj
- Cov ntshav coagulation txawv txav
- Ntshav siab
- Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm (txo qis cov zis, o ntawm ob txhais ceg lossis txhais taw vim yog cov kua dej nyob, mob lossis siab hauv siab)
- Cov ntshav qab zib tsawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog poj niam)
Kauj Ruam 6. Hu rau kws kho mob
Txawm hais tias koj pom cov tsos mob lossis tsis yog, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim tom qab taug kev mus rau thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo qee zaum tos saib yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm malaria tsis yooj yim yuav mob zuj zus, thaum cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw pheej hmoo tsawg yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ib yam. Yog koj xav tias koj muaj tus mob npaws, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas thiab kho.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua ib qho kev kuaj ntshav ib leeg ib sab
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias muaj tus kab mob ua npaws ua rau muaj ntshav hauv koj cov ntshav, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj ntshav mus kuaj hauv chav kuaj. Txawm hais tias koj qhov kev kuaj ntshav tsis zoo, koj tus kws kho mob yuav rov kuaj dua txhua 8-12 teev rau 36 teev.
- Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav kom koj kuaj ntshav sai sai seb koj puas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab mob npaws. Yog tias qhov ntsuas pom tau zoo, tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom koj kuaj ntshav ib leeg ib sab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov mob.
- Tus kws kho mob tseem yuav nug koj kom kuaj ntshav tas thiab kuaj xyuas koj lub siab thiab tej zaum lwm yam kabmob.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Kho Malaria
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob thaum ntxov
Txawm hais tias malaria tuaj yeem ua rau txaus ntshai thiab tuag taus, nws tseem tuaj yeem kho tau. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, kev kho thaum ntxov tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txo thiab kho nws. Kev ua tiav ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev hu mus rau kws kho mob sai li sai tau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov tshuaj noj
Cov kws kho mob yuav muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv tshuaj los kho tus mob npaws. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab nws raws li hom kab mob malaria uas pom muaj nyob hauv kev kuaj ntshav ib leeg ib sab, koj lub hnub nyoog, cev xeeb tub, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm koj cov tsos mob. Cov tshuaj malaria feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, tab sis cov neeg mob uas tsim teeb meem yuav xav tau tshuaj los ntawm IV. Zoo li lwm yam kab mob muaj sia, cov cab uas ua rau malaria tuaj yeem hloov kho los tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj, tab sis cov tshuaj hauv qab no muaj qhov ua tiav qib siab:
- Chloroquine (Aralen)
- Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin)
- Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
- Mefloquine
- Ua ke ntawm atovaquone thiab proguanil (Malarone)
Kauj Ruam 3. So thaum kho
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog so kom txaus thaum koj rov zoo. Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob malaria, yog li tsis yog txhua tus yuav ntsib ib yam nkaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov muag tsis pom, xeev siab, raws plab, ntuav, thiab mob plab. Qee cov tshuaj kuj ua rau lub siab kub hnyiab hauv siab, pw tsis tsaug zog, ntxhov siab lossis lub paj hlwb tsis meej, kiv taub hau, lossis teeb meem kev sib koom tes.
- Saib xyuas koj lub cev rau cov kev mob tshwm sim no thiab qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob paub thaum koj ntsib lawv. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab lwm yam tshuaj los daws cov kev phiv no.
- Haus dej kom ntau kom tiv thaiv qhov hnov mob hauv siab.
- Cov kua dej tseem ceeb heev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj ntuav thiab raws plab. Koj yuav poob dej ntau vim qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim no thiab yuav xav tau cov kua dej rov qab los tswj koj kev noj qab haus huv.
- Siv cov zaub mov tsis zoo los kho mob plab.
- Sawv thiab tsis thawb koj tus kheej yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm lub cev.
- Tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas cov cim qhia tias lub cev qhuav dej, ntshav tsis txaus, thiab qaug dab peg. Tus kws kho mob tseem yuav saib xyuas cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau koj lub cev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tos kom koj kub taub hau
Kev kho tus mob npaws yog mob hnyav thiab ua haujlwm sai. Yog tias txhua yam ua tau raws li phiaj xwm, thiab koj tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, koj qhov kub taub hau yuav tsum poob qis hauv 36-48 teev. Feem ntau, cov kab mob uas ua rau mob npaws yuav ploj mus los ntawm lub cev tsis pub dhau 2-3 hnub, thiab koj yuav tsum tau ua zoo nyob hauv 2 lub lis piam.
Tus kws kho mob tseem yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas ntshav ib leeg ib sab thaum koj tab tom kho tus mob npaws. Yog tias kev kho mob ua tiav, tus naj npawb ntawm kab mob malaria hauv koj cov ntshav yuav txo nrog txhua qhov kev sim
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv tshuaj primaquine los tiv thaiv tus mob npaws dua
Txawm hais tias thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm tus mob malaria yuav dhau mus, tus kab mob yuav rov tshwm sim sai sai tom qab ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj tsos mob tshwm sim, koj yuav pom cov tsos mob zoo li tus mob npaws thaum lub sij hawm mob npaws. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv tus kab mob no kom rov huam tuaj ntau li ntau tau. Primaquine yog tshuaj tua kab mob siv tom qab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob npaws npaws hauv cov ntshav.
- Koj yuav pib siv cov tshuaj primaquine 2 lub lis piam tom qab tus kab mob npaws tau lawm.
- Cov koob tshuaj thiab ntev npaum li cas ntawm kev kho mob yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm koj qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb: hom mob kis thiab koj yuav teb li cas rau kev kho mob. Feem ntau, nws raug nquahu kom siv tshuaj primaquine li 2 lub lis piam.
- Ua raws tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom raug. Tsis txhob sim nce lossis txo qhov koob tshuaj, thiab noj cov tshuaj raws li lub sijhawm tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv yuav tshuaj.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsis txhob yoov tom tom ntej
Yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg, tsis txhob mus rau thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab thaum rov zoo los ntawm tus mob npaws. Yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj tus kab mob npaws npaws, tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom zoo tshaj qhov koj tuaj yeem ua tau.
- Tiv thaiv koj cov tawv nqaij los ntawm kev hnav lub ris ntev thiab lub tes tsho ntev, txawm tias huab cua sov.
- Siv tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum txhua lub sijhawm.
- Siv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj DEET, Picaridin, Roj ntawm txiv qaub eucalyptus (OLE) lossis PMD, lossis IR3535. Nyeem daim ntawv lo ntawm pob khoom kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj cov tshuaj lom.
- Teeb lub tswm ciab tua yoov tshaj cum kom yoov tshaj tawm ntawm koj ib puag ncig.
- Nyob hauv chav tiv thaiv nrog cua txias uas tsis tshua muaj neeg yoov nyob.
- Siv cov yoov tshaj cum thaum pw hauv thaj chaw uas muaj yoov ntau.
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias ua tau, zam kev mus pw hav zoov lossis siv sijhawm ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw dej nyab. Tshem cov dej los ntawm cov lauj kaub thiab cov lauj kaub. Cov dej haus yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv vim tias yoov tshaj cum siv dej sawv los tso qe.
- Siv tshuaj tua kab thiab tsuag tshuaj tua kab kom txo tau cov yoov nyob qhov twg koj yuav nyob ntev.
- Yoov tshaj cum uas kis tus kab mob malaria thaum tsaus ntuj. Sim npaj phiaj xwm kom koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txij hnub poob mus txog kaj ntug.
- Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum, nrhiav cov khoom lag luam uas muaj qib siab dua ntawm cov khoom xyaw ua kom lub zog ua haujlwm ntev dua. Piv txwv li, tus lej 10% DEET tsuas yog tiv thaiv koj li 1-2 teev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm DEET tau ua tiav ntawm qib 50%. Yog li, qib DEET siab dua tsis cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
- Yog ua tau, nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam tiv thaiv nrog cua txias.
- Hnav tsho ntev.
- Tham nrog txog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws yog tias koj npaj yuav mus ntsib thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
Ceeb toom
- Yog tias tsis kho tam sim, kis nrog Plasmodium falciparum parasite (hom malaria) tuaj yeem ua rau qaug dab peg, tsis meej pem hauv kev xav, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, tsis nco qab, thiab tuag.
- Muas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua npaws ua ntej yuav mus txawv tebchaws. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau mob npaws yog muaj npe nrov rau kev muag "fake" lossis cov tshuaj tsis zoo rau cov neeg taug kev.
