Hauv lub neej niaj hnub, pH yog ntsuas lossis ntau yam uas feem ntau siv los piav qhia txog qib nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab hauv cov khoom hauv tsev. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntuj, pH yog chav ntsuas ntawm ions hauv kev daws teeb meem. Yog tias koj tab tom kawm chav kawm txuj ci lossis tshuaj lom neeg, koj yuav xav paub yuav suav li cas pH los ntawm kev mloog zoo. Xam pH siv cov kab zauv pH: pH = -log [H3O+].
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Nkag siab txog pH
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias pH txhais li cas
pH yog qhov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions hauv kev daws. Kev daws teeb meem nrog qhov siab ntawm hydrogen ions yog acidic. Cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm hydrogen ions yog qhov yooj yim, tseem hu ua alkalis. Hydrogen ions, tseem hu ua hydronium, tau sau luv luv li H+ lossis H3O+.
- Paub cov pH ntau. PH ntau yog 1-14. Tus lej qis dua, cov kua qaub ntau dua. Qhov ntau dua tus lej, ntau alkaline daws. Piv txwv, kua txiv kab ntxwv muaj pH ntawm 2 vim tias nws yog acidic heev. Hauv kev sib piv, tshuaj dawb muaj pH ntawm 12 vim tias nws yog alkaline heev. Cov lej nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntau yog feem ntau nruab nrab, xws li dej, nrog pH ntawm 7.
- Ib qib pH muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 10x. Piv txwv, thaum sib piv pH 7 txog pH 6, pH 6 yog kaum npaug acidic ntau dua pH 7. Yog li, pH 6 yuav yog 100 npaug acidic ntau dua pH 8.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas pH hauv kab zauv
Qhov pH ntau yog xam siv qhov tsis zoo logarithm. Qhov tsis zoo logarithm yog pes tsawg zaus tus lej yuav tsum tau faib. Cov kab zauv pH tuaj yeem pom raws li hauv qab no: pH = -log [H3O+].
- Qhov sib npaug qee zaum tuaj yeem pom ua pH = -log [H+]. Paub tias qhov sib npaug uas muaj H3O+ lossis H+ yog qhov ua tau zoo ib yam.
- Nws tsis tas yuav tsum paub lub cav tsis zoo txhais tau li cas txhawm rau xam pH. Feem ntau cov laij lej siv hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab muaj lub log cav.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab txog kev mloog zoo
Kev mloog zoo yog tus lej ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov tshuaj. Kev mloog zoo yog feem ntau piav qhia hauv chav ntawm molarity. Molarity yog moles ib chav ntim (m/v lossis M). Yog tias koj siv tshuaj daws hauv chav kuaj ntshav, cov ntsiab lus yuav sau rau ntawm lub raj mis. Thaum ua koj cov tshuaj hauv tsev, cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yuav muab.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv Kev Nyuaj Siab los Xeem pH
Kauj Ruam 1. Nco qab qhov pH sib npaug
Cov pH sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no: pH = -log [H3O+]. Nco ntsoov tias koj paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lo lus hauv kab zauv. Saib pawg twg sawv cev rau kev mloog zoo.
Hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov kab zauv feem ntau txhais tau tias "concentration ntawm". Yog li, pH sib npaug tuaj yeem nyeem tau "pH sib npaug rau qhov tsis zoo logarithm ntawm hydronium ion concentration"
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb
Nyeem koj cov kab zauv tshuaj. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov kua qaub lossis hauv paus. Sau tag nrho cov kab zauv ntawm daim ntawv nrog paub qhov tseem ceeb hauv kab zauv. Ib txwm ntxiv cov chav nyob kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov ntsuas yog 1.05 x 10^5 M, sau pH equation li: pH = -log [1.05 x 10^5 M]
Kauj Ruam 3. Daws qhov sib npaug
Thaum daws qhov sib npaug pH, koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab xam zauv tshawb fawb. Ua ntej tshaj, nias lub pob "tsis zoo". Lub pob no feem ntau yog sau ua "+/-". Tam sim no, ntaus "log" khawm. Koj lub vijtsam yuav tsum qhia "-log". Tam sim no, nias lub pob qhib qhib thiab nkag mus rau koj qhov kev xav. Tsis txhob hnov qab ntxiv cov lus piav qhia yog xav tau. Ua raws nrog cov kab zauv kaw. Txij ntawm no mus, koj yuav tsum pom “-log (1, 05x10^5)”. Nias lub khawm sib npaug. Koj tus nqi pH yuav tsum yog 5.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Siv pH los Xeem Qhov Tseeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas qhov tsis paub qhov tseem ceeb
Ua ntej tshaj, sau qhov sib npaug pH. Tom ntej no, txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig uas koj paub los ntawm kev sau lawv hauv qab koj qhov kev ua zauv. Piv txwv, yog tias koj paub tias pH yog 10, 1, sau 10, 1 ntawm daim ntawv, ncaj qha hauv qab qhov pH sib npaug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Rov kho qhov sib npaug
Rearranging equations xav tau kev nkag siab ntawm algebra. Txhawm rau suav qhov siab siv pH, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov sib xyaw yuav tsum raug cais ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov sib npaug kos npe. Pib los ntawm kev txav cov pH mus rau ib sab thiab hloov cov hydronium ion concentration mus rau lwm sab. Daim ntawv ceeb toom tias cov paib tsis zoo ntawm lub cav tau txav nrog rau hydronium ion, ua rau qhov sib npaug zoo rau hydronium ntawm sab nraud. Tom qab ntawd, rho tawm pH los ntawm sab laug thiab ntxiv pH raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm sab xis.
Piv txwv, pH = -log [H3O+] yuav hloov mus rau +[H3O+] = log^-PH. Nco ntsoov tias tus nqi pH tau dhau los ua lub cav hloov pauv. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem hloov pH nrog 10, 1.
Kauj Ruam 3. Daws qhov sib npaug
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov cav rov qab, cov txheej txheem suav nrog siv lub laij lej yog qhov txawv heev. Nco ntsoov tias cav yog hom kev sib npaug rau lub zog 10. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau koj qhov kev ua zauv, sau tus lej 10. Tom qab ntawd, nias lub pob "EXP" exponent. Sau tus cim tsis zoo, ua raws tus nqi. Nias lub khawm sib npaug.
Piv txwv li, peb muaj tus nqi pH ntawm 10, 1. Sau “10”, tom qab ntawd nias “EXP”. Tam sim no, sau "-/+" kom ua rau tus nqi tsis zoo. Thaum kawg, sau tus nqi pH "10, 1". Nias lub khawm sib npaug. Koj yuav tau txais 1e-100. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb qhov kev mloog zoo yog 1.00 x 10^-100 M
Kauj Ruam 4. Rov xav txog koj cov lus teb
Cov lus teb saum toj no puas tsim nyog? Yog tias koj muaj pH ntawm 10.1, koj paub tias hydronium ion yuav tsum tsawg heev vim tias 10.1 yog cov tshuaj alkaline. Yog li, qhov txiaj ntsig me me ua rau nkag siab.
Lub tswv yim
Yog tias xam pH zoo li nyuaj rau koj, muaj ntau lwm yam cuab yeej muaj. Siv koj phau ntawv thiab nug koj tus kws qhia ntawv kom pab tau ntxiv
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