Cov ntawv tshawb fawb hauv social sciences feem ntau raug teeb tsa raws li American Psychological Association (APA) citation style. Cov ntawv sau lossis cov thesis uas hais lossis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv txhais los ntawm cov ntawv sau yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi kom raug hauv cov ntawv thiab cov npe siv/phau ntawv sau kom tsis txhob plagiarism. Thaum hais txog kev xam phaj tus kheej, ua tib zoo mloog thaum koj tab tom hais tawm sab hauv. Txog kev xam phaj uas tau tshaj tawm lossis hauv daim ntawv suab, cov lus piav qhia feem ntau muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau lwm tus neeg lossis tus nyeem ntawv txhawm rau nrhiav qhov chaw muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Txog Tus Kheej Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tus Kheej
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab yog tias koj qhov kev xam phaj raug muab cais ua piv txwv ntawm "kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej"
Yog tias koj yog tus ua qhov kev xam phaj, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj yog suav tias yog hom kev sib tham "tus kheej". Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias lwm tus ua qhov kev xam phaj thiab tshaj tawm rau pej xeem siv, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj yog "tshaj tawm". Kev xam phaj tus kheej tau hais tawm sab hauv (siv cov ntawv sau hauv kab lus/kab zauv) hauv cov ntawv, tab sis tsis teev nyob hauv phau ntawv sau keeb kwm lossis cov neeg ua tim khawv.
- Qhov xwm txheej "kev sib tham ntiag tug" no tseem siv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tuaj yeem tshawb fawb los ntawm lwm tus (piv txwv li email ntiag tug).
- Txog kev xam phaj tus kheej, koj tseem yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm cov lus nug thiab lus teb. Cov ntawv sau tseg no yuav tsum suav nrog ua ntu txuas ntxiv, tom qab cov ntawv sau/nplooj ntawv siv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem kab lus lossis sau cov lus qhia los ntawm kev xam phaj tus kheej
Siv cov ntaub ntawv uas koj feem ntau suav nrog thaum koj sau. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias koj kuj yuav tsum suav nrog cov lus hais sab hauv yog tias koj hais ib yam dab tsi dhau qhov kev paub uas yog ib feem ntawm kev xam phaj.
- Cov ntaub ntawv citation sab hauv ib txwm zoo ib yam, txawm hais tias koj tab tom hais cov ntaub ntawv lossis txhais nws. Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau hom ntawv no.
- Piv txwv li, cia peb hais koj tau sau, "Cov neeg hauv chav hais kom ua siab zoo tom qab qhov xwm txheej." Yog tias koj paub cov ntaub ntawv vim nws tau hais los ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv no tseem tsis tau muaj hauv cov ntawv luam tawm (lossis lwm qhov chaw), koj yuav tsum hais lossis hais nqe lus rau nws. Yog tias koj tsis suav nrog, koj qhov kev sau ntawv yuav raug suav hais tias yog kev kawm dag.
Kauj Ruam 3. Mus txuas ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev xam phaj nrog cov lus sau hauv kab ntawv (cov kab ntawv sib dhos)
Tam sim ntawd tom qab kab lus uas muaj cov lus piav qhia lossis hais tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev xam phaj, suav nrog nqe lus hauv kab lus. Qhov kev tsocai no yog qhov pib nkag tag nrho nrog rau hauv kab zauv.
- Koj yuav tsum ntxig ib lub sijhawm rau kab lus tom qab nqe lus hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, hauv cov ntawv koj yuav sau qee yam zoo li no: "Cov neeg hauv lub chaw hais kom ua siab zoo rau qhov tshwm sim (R. Smith, kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej, Lub Kaum Hli 15, 2000)." Koj qhov kev txiav txim siab yog txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv ntawm kab lus sau rau kev siv.
- Rau Indonesian: "Cov neeg ntawm lub chaw hais kom ua siab zoo rau qhov xwm txheej (R. Smith, kev sib txuas lus tus kheej, Lub Kaum Hli 15, 2000)."
Kauj Ruam 4. Pib qhov citation nrog lub npe ntawm qhov chaw
Nkag mus rau lub npe pib, ua raws lub sijhawm, tom qab ntawd ntxig qhov chaw thiab txuas ntxiv nrog lub xeem (tag nrho). Ua kom lub peev txheej pib ntawm tus neeg qhia lub npe thiab lub xeem. Muab tus lej cim tom qab lub npe tag nrho.
- Txog kev xam phaj kev tshawb fawb, cov neeg xam phaj tuaj yeem xav tsis qhia npe. Yog li ntawd, nws lub npe tag nrho yuav tsum tsis txhob muab nthuav tawm hauv qhov kev hais tawm. Hloov chaw, yog tias koj muaj ntau tus neeg koom nrog xam phaj thiab xav kom tuaj yeem "cim npe" txhua tus neeg koom nrog, koj tuaj yeem muab tus lej rau txhua tus neeg xam phaj (piv txwv li "Tus txiv neej koom nrog 23" lossis "Tus Neeg Koom Tes 23").
- Rau Indonesian: "23 tus txiv neej koom nrog" lossis "23 tus neeg koom"
- Lub npe tus lej yuav hloov lub npe "tsis tu ncua" hauv cov ntawv sab hauv/hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, koj qhov kev nkag nkag yuav zoo li no: "(Tus neeg koom nrog 23, kev sib txuas lus tus kheej, Lub Kaum Hli 15, 2000)."
- Rau Indonesian: "(23 tus neeg koom nrog, kev sib txuas lus tus kheej, 15 Lub Kaum Hli 2000)."
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxiv kab lus "kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej" lossis "kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej"
Ntxig ib qhov chaw tom qab tus lej thiab ntaus kab lus tom qab nws. Cov kab lus yuav tsum tau sau ua kab ntawv me. Txuas ntxiv nrog lub sijhawm thiab ib qho chaw nkaus xwb.
Cov kab lus yuav tsum tsis txhob yog luv ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj nthuav qhia lawv tsis tu ncua hauv txhua qhov kev tsocai sab hauv
Kauj Ruam 6. Xaus daim ntawv nkag nrog hnub tim xam phaj
Ntxig ib qho chaw tom qab tus lej cim. Sau lub npe tag nrho ntawm lub hlis, ua raws hnub tim. Muab tus lej cim tom qab hnub tim, ntxig rau qhov chaw, thiab ntaus lub xyoo ntawm kev xam phaj hauv hom plaub tus lej.
- Piv txwv li, koj cov ntaub ntawv hnub tim yuav tsum tau sau raws li "Kaum Hli 15, 2000" hloov "Oct. '00 "lossis" Lub Kaum Hli 15 ".
- Txog rau Indonesian, koj tuaj yeem siv hom hnub-hli-xyoo, xws li "15 Lub Kaum Hli 2000".
Kauj Ruam 7. Nkag mus rau kab lus hauv kab lus
Ntxiv qhov qhib kab lus thaum pib ntawm nqe lus (tsuas yog ua ntej pib ntawm tus sau lub npe) thiab kaw kab lus xaus thaum kawg (tom qab xyoo ntawm kev xam phaj). Tsis txhob hnov qab ntxig ib lub sijhawm rau kab lus tom qab kaw kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 8. Hais lub npe ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha hauv kab lus/kab ntawv
Koj tuaj yeem hais lub npe ntawm qhov chaw hauv kab lus hauv qhov chaw ua ntej nqe lus hais. Yog tias yog, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv luv luv ntawm cov lus hais sab hauv. Tsuas yog tshem lub npe ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kab lus thiab hais cov lus raws li ib txwm muaj.
- Qhov no ua tiav vim tias tus nyeem ntawv xav tias lawv tuaj yeem paub lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm kab lus yav dhau los. Yog tias tsis yog, hais txog lub npe ntawm qhov chaw ob zaug nyob ua ke tiag ua rau kab lus lossis kev sau ntawv nyuaj rau nyeem lossis ntev.
- Koj tuaj yeem sau nws zoo li no: "Robert Smith piav qhia li cas cov neeg hauv chav hais kom ua siab zoo tom qab qhov xwm txheej (kev sib tham tus kheej, Lub Kaum Hli 15, 2000)."
- Txog Lus Askiv: "Robert Smith piav qhia li cas tib neeg zoo siab hauv chav hais kom ua tom qab qhov xwm txheej (kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej, Lub Kaum Hli 15, 2000)."
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Tshaj Tawm Cov Lus Sib Tham
Kauj Ruam 1. Suav nrog cov ntsiab lus xam phaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv thiab cov npe siv
Yog suav nrog hauv cov ntawv xov xwm lossis lwm yam ntawv tshaj tawm, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia lossis cov lus qhia no. Cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav raug nthuav tawm thoob plaws cov ntawv (raws li ib txwm muaj), ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm cov kab lus hauv cov npe siv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Mus rau phau ntawv sau/nplooj ntawv siv
Nplooj ntawv no yog qhov kawg ntawm kab lus thiab teev tag nrho cov peev txheej siv hauv kab lus. Cov ntaub ntawv teev npe yuav tsum tau teem ua niam txiv kom cov nyeem tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv citation sai.
Kauj Ruam 3. Pib qhov kev nkag nkag nrog lub xeem lub npe
Txuas ntxiv nrog tus lej thiab ib qho chaw. Tom qab ntawd, qhia lub npe pib ntawm lub hauv paus lub npe, siv nws, thiab txuas ntxiv nrog lub sijhawm thiab chaw.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nkag mus rau hnub tshaj tawm
Txuas ntxiv lub npe nrog hnub tshaj tawm hauv plaub-tus lej thiab muab nws tso rau hauv kab lus. Tso ib lub sijhawm tom qab kaw kab lus thiab ntxiv qhov chaw.
- Hnub yuav zoo li "(2000)" hloov "('00)".
- Yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau hnub/xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm, hloov lub xyoo nrog cov ntawv luv "nd" (yam tsis muaj nqe lus hais).
Kauj Ruam 5. Qhia lub npe ntawm qhov xam phaj
Txuas ntxiv hnub uas muaj lub npe xam phaj tag nrho. Yog tias kev xam phaj tsis muaj npe, suav nrog ib kab lus piav qhia. Cov lus piav qhia yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv cov kab plaub fab. Feem ntau, kev piav qhia tseem suav nrog kab lus "Tham nrog", ua raws li lub npe tag nrho ntawm tus neeg teb rau hauv tus lej, thiab ob peb lo lus hais txog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg qhia.
- Yog tias koj siv cov lus piav qhia (hauv cov kab sib dhos), ntxiv lub sijhawm tom qab kaw qhov kaw. Piv txwv li, qhov kev piav qhia yuav zoo li no: "[Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau ntawm Kev Muaj Tseeb]." Cov lus piav qhia kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau zoo li no: "Qhov Kev Sib Tham Zoo Tshaj Plaws."
- Rau Indonesian: "[Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau qhov tseeb]." lossis "Qhov Kev Xam Xaj Xeem Xaj Tshaj Plaws."
- Yog tias koj suav nrog kev tshaj tawm ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv luv luv, nco ntsoov tias koj ntaus lub npe hauv kab ntawv.
- Suav nrog lub npe raws li nws tshwm ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua raws li lub hauv paus chiv keeb
Txij ntawm no mus, koj qhov kev nkag mus yuav txawv dua, nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm. Yog tias koj siv phau ntawv sau nkag sau los ntawm tus sau nkaus xwb, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus citation. Cov txheej txheem citation no txiav txim siab dab tsi ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog hauv qhov nkag.
- Piv txwv li, thaum siv ib tus sau phau ntawv sau npe nkag, nkag yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm tag nrho cov npe phau ntawv teev npe, tus lej ntim, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav zoo li no: “Lo lus, J. (2000). [Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau ntawm Kev Muaj tiag]. Phau Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Kawm, 20, 400-411. " Nco ntsoov tias lub npe phau ntawv xov xwm tseem yuav tsum tau sau ua kab lus.
- Rau Indonesian: "Lo lus, J. (2000). [Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau ntawm Kev Muaj tiag]. Phau ntawv Journal of Wrigin Studies, 20, 400-411."
- Yog tias tsis muaj tus lej ntim, koj tsis tas yuav hais txog nws. Nco ntsoov tias cov nplooj ntawv qhia pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj tau muab cais los ntawm cov cim sib txawv. Txhawm rau sau "dhia" nplooj ntawv tus lej, koj yuav tsum cais lawv nrog tus lej. Ib txwm xaus qhov nkag nrog lub sijhawm.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txuas nrog tus lej DOI yog tias muaj
Tus lej DOI lossis Tus Kheej Tus Kheej Tus Kheej yog lub hauv paus tshiab hauv tsab ntawv thib rau ntawm APA phau ntawv teev npe. Lub hauv paus no tso cai rau cov neeg txaus siab taug qab qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv digitally. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tus lej DOI ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau cov ntawv xov xwm digital lossis tej zaum nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm daim ntawv rub tawm PDF. Suav nrog tus lej DOI tom qab tus lej nplooj ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv citation nrog tus lej DOI rau kev xam phaj luam tawm yuav zoo li no: "Lo lus, J. (2000). [Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau ntawm Kev Muaj tiag]. Phau Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Kawm, 20, 400-411. ua: 453432342342.
- Rau Indonesian: "Lo lus, J. (2000). [Tham nrog James Michael, tus sau ntawm Kev Muaj tiag]. Phau ntawv Journal of Wrigin Studies, 20, 400-411. ua: 453432342342.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tsim cov ntawv sab hauv/hauv-ntawv
Txij li cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav tau suav nrog hauv cov npe siv, koj muaj kev ywj pheej siv cov lus luv hauv kab lus. Txoj cai tom qab cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia, hais lub xeem lub npe ntawm qhov chaw, ua raws tus lej thiab lub xyoo luam tawm. Ob qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab tso rau hauv kab lus.
- Yog tias koj tab tom xam phaj ncaj qha, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov nplooj ntawv ua ib feem ntawm kev hais lus sab hauv. Ntxiv tus lej tom qab xyoo/hnub tshaj tawm thiab sau tus lej nplooj ntawv, pib nrog cov ntawv luv "p." los yog "yam." Cov kab lus hauv kab lus yuav zoo li no: "(Ntoo, 2000, p. 402)" lossis "Ntoo, 2000, p. 402) ib. "Ntoo" yog lub xeem ntawm lub hauv paus, "2000" yog lub xyoo luam tawm, thiab "p. 402 "los yog" p. 402 "qhia tias cov lus pom muaj nyob ntawm nplooj 402 ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.
- Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj hais lub npe ntawm qhov chaw hauv koj qhov kev sau, koj tuaj yeem ua raws cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus. Hauv hom ntawv no, koj tsuas suav nrog lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv kab lus tom qab koj hais lub xeem ntawm lub hauv paus. Kuj ntxiv tus lej nplooj ntawv tom kawg ntawm kab lus (hauv kab zauv). Piv txwv li: "Ntoo (2000) tau hais tias" kev muaj tiag yog tus yam ntxwv "(p.402)." Los ntawm kev nyeem kab lus no, koj tuaj yeem qhia tias tus neeg xam phaj lub xeem yog Wood, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam phaj tau luam tawm xyoo 2000, thiab cov lus hais tuaj yeem pom ntawm nplooj 402 ntawm cov ntawv. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo yog tias koj xav zam kev hais hnyav.
- Rau Indonesian: "Ntoo (2000) qhia tias" kev muaj tiag yog tus yam ntxwv "(p. 402)."
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Qhov Ntsuas los ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim sab hauv thiab cov npe nkag nkag
Txij li cov ntaub ntawv audio tuaj yeem taug qab/nrhiav tau cov peev txheej, koj yuav tsum nthuav qhia qhov kev hais tawm hauv ob ntu ntawm cov ntawv, ib yam li rau kev xam phaj luam tawm. Koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov npe nkag hauv cov npe siv. Ib qho ntxiv, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov cai tshwj xeeb thaum tsim sab hauv/hauv-kab ntawv kev hais tawm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj koj daim ntawv teev npe siv
Pib nkag nrog lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus hais lus (tus hais lus), tom qab ntawd tus lej cim thiab lub npe pib ntawm nws lub npe, tom qab ntawd ntxiv lub sijhawm. Muab hnub tim rau hauv kab ntawv. Ntaus lub xyoo ua ntej hauv plaub-tus lej hom, tom qab ntawd ntxig tus lej cim thiab ntxiv lub hli tag nrho lub npe thiab hnub tim. Txog Indonesian, koj tuaj yeem siv "hnub-hli-xyoo" lossis "xyoo, hli-hnub" hom ntawv.
- Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hnub tim nrog lub npe xam phaj yog tias muaj. Lub npe yuav tsum tau sau ua lus qaij. Tom qab ntawd, hauv cov kab ntawv qhia lub npe ntawm tus neeg xam phaj lub npe thiab lub xeem (tag nrho), tom qab ntawd tus lej thiab daim ntawv lo "Tus neeg xam phaj" lossis "Tus neeg xam phaj". Hais cov kab lus "Cov ntaub ntawv suab" lossis "Cov ntaub ntawv suab" thiab muab nws tso rau hauv kab zauv. Ntxiv ib lub sijhawm tom qab kaw kab lus.
- Yog tias koj tau txais cov ntaub ntawv audio los ntawm lub vev xaib, thaum kawg ntawm kab lus nkag sau cov kab lus "Rov qab los ntawm", ua raws los ntawm lub vev xaib URL. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav tus lej DOI yog tias muaj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua raws li tus txheej txheem sab hauv citation generation cov cai
Thaum koj ntxiv cov lus hais sab hauv rau kev xam phaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv audio, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv xam phaj luam tawm, tsis muaj tus lej nplooj (tshwj tsis yog koj siv cov ntawv sau tseg). Siv lub xeem lub npe ntawm qhov chaw, ua raws tus lej thiab hnub tim. Muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv kab lus.
Lub tswv yim
- Khaws qhov muag tawm rau qhov hloov tshiab uas siv raws li APA qhov kev hais txog kev hloov pauv qee zaum hauv cov ntawv tshiab ntawm cov qauv qhia. Tam sim no, tsab ntawv siv tau yog tsab ntawv thib rau.
- Nco ntsoov suav nrog APA cov npe nplooj ntawv raug thiab paub daws teeb kom ua raws cov lus citation no. Nplooj ntawv siv yuav tsum yog txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb thiab txuas ntxiv siv cov npe thiab cov lej nplooj ntawv. Muab lo lus "References" lossis "References" tso rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab siv ob tus lej rau nplooj ntawv siv. Ib qho ntxiv, nplooj ntawv no tseem siv dai (nkag) indentation.
- Nco ntsoov tias tus kws qhia lossis kws qhia ntawv xav kom koj siv koj li kev sau ua piv txwv. Yog tias koj tus kws qhia ntawv lossis tus xibfwb nyiam lwm txoj hauv kev citation (piv txwv li MLA, Chicago, lossis Harvard), koj yuav tsum tau hais tawm kev xam phaj hauv cov qauv ntawd.
