Yuav Ua Li Cas Lej Qhov Voltage Los Ntawm Tus Tiv Thaiv (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: Jason Gerald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 08:16

Ua ntej suav qhov hluav taws xob hla tus tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab hom Circuit Court (hlua) siv. Yog tias koj xav tau rov los saib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis xav tau kev pab nkag siab txog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, pib nrog thawj ntu. Txwv tsis pub, mus ncaj qha rau hom Circuit Court uas koj xav ua haujlwm

Kauj ruam

Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Nkag Siab Txog Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob

Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub txog hluav taws xob

Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov piv txwv hauv qab no: xav txog tias koj tab tom hliv cov nplej rau hauv lub tais. Txhua lub lis piam ntawm cov noob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov dej ntws mus rau hauv lub tais yog hluav taws xob. Thaum koj tham txog hluav taws xob, koj piav qhia nws los ntawm kev hais tias muaj pes tsawg lub noob nplej ntawm txhua qhov thib ob. Thaum koj tham txog hluav taws xob tam sim no, koj ntsuas nws hauv chav ntawm ampere tso (amps), uas yog qee tus lej ntawm cov hluav taws xob (uas yog qhov txiaj ntsig loj heev) uas ntws tawm txhua ob.

Kauj Ruam 2. Paub txog kev them nqi hluav taws xob

Cov hluav taws xob muaj "tsis zoo" them nqi hluav taws xob. Ntawd yog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyiam (lossis ntws mus rau) cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab tshem tawm (lossis ntws tawm ntawm) cov khoom tsis zoo. Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj tus nqi tsis zoo yog li lawv ib txwm thawb lwm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tawg.

Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab txog qhov hluav taws xob

Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Qhov loj dua qhov sib txawv, muaj zog dua ob lub ntsiab lus nyiam ib leeg. Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev siv lub roj teeb tsis tu ncua:

• Sab hauv lub roj teeb, cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tshwm sim tsim cov pas dej ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob no mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub roj teeb, thaum tus ncej zoo tseem yuav luag tas. Cov no hu ua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Qhov txheej txheem no ntev dua, qhov ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob tug ncej.
• Thaum koj txuas cov xov hlau ntawm tus ncej zoo thiab tsis zoo, cov hluav taws xob ntawm tus ncej tsis zoo tam sim no muaj qhov mus. Cov electrons ntawm tus ncej tsis zoo ntws mus rau tus ncej zoo thiab tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob, ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob txav mus rau tus ncej zoo txhua ob.

Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm paub txog kev tawm tsam

Ib qho teeb meem yog ib yam uas thaiv hluav taws xob. Qhov loj dua qhov tsis kam, nws nyuaj rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hla. Qhov tsis kam ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob poob qis vim tias cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas hla txhua ob feem tsawg.

Resistors tuaj yeem yog txhua yam hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas ntxiv kev tiv thaiv. Koj tuaj yeem yuav "tus tiv thaiv" tiag tiag, tab sis hauv cov teeb meem, cov tiv thaiv feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm lub teeb lossis txhua yam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv

Kauj Ruam 5. Cim Ohm Txoj Cai

Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Sau lossis cim tus lej hauv qab no raws li koj xav tau nws los daws teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hluav taws xob:

• Tam sim no = qhov hluav taws xob faib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm
• Cov mis tuaj yeem sau raws li hauv qab no: Kuv = ^V / _R
• Xav tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias V (qhov hluav taws xob) lossis R (kev tiv thaiv) hauv Circuit Court nce. Puas yog nws ua raws li kev sib tham saum toj no?

Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Xam qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm tus tiv thaiv (Series Circuit)

Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog cov kab hluav taws xob

Cov xov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob tau yooj yim pom. Cov duab yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj hlua cable nrog txhua yam khoom sib dhos ua ke ua ke raws txoj kab. Ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm tag nrho cov xaim thiab los ntawm txhua tus tiv thaiv lossis lub hauv paus nws ntsib.

• Hluav taws xob tam sim no ib txwm zoo ib yam ntawm txhua kis hauv Circuit Court.
• Thaum suav qhov hluav taws xob, qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tiv thaiv hauv Circuit Court tsis cuam tshuam. Koj tuaj yeem nqa tus tiv thaiv thiab txav nws hla lub Circuit Court, thiab qhov hluav taws xob hla txhua qhov resistor tseem zoo ib yam.
• Peb yuav siv qhov piv txwv ntawm kev sib txuas hluav taws xob nrog 3 tus tiv thaiv hauv koob: R₁, R₂, thiab R.₃. Lub Circuit Court tau txais lub zog los ntawm lub roj teeb 12 volt. Peb yuav pom qhov hluav taws xob hla txhua tus tiv thaiv.

Kauj Ruam 2. Xam tag nrho kev tiv thaiv

Ntxiv tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv tus nqi hauv Circuit Court. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev tiv thaiv tag nrho ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob.

Piv txwv li, peb tus tiv thaiv R₁, R₂, thiab R.₃ muaj resistances ntawm 2 (ohms), 3, thiab 5, feem. Yog li, tag nrho kev tiv thaiv yog 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ohms.

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov tam sim no hauv Circuit Court

Siv Ohm Txoj Cai txhawm rau nrhiav tus nqi tam sim no hauv tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nco ntsoov, hauv kab hluav taws xob sib txuas, qhov tam sim no ib txwm zoo ib yam ntawm txhua qhov ntawm Circuit Court. Thaum tau txais tus nqi tam sim no, peb tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua qhov kev suav ntxiv.

Ohm txoj cai hais tias tam sim no kuv = ^V / _R. Qhov hluav taws xob hla lub Circuit Court yog 12 volts, thiab tag nrho kev tiv thaiv ntawm Circuit Court yog 10 ohms. Txuas cov lej no rau hauv tus lej kom tau txais I = ¹² / ₁₀ = 1.2 peb.

Kauj Ruam 4. Kho Ohm Txoj Cai txhawm rau nrhiav tus nqi hluav taws xob

Siv cov lej algebra los nrhiav tus nqi ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv tam sim no:

• Kuv = ^V / _R
• IR = IR ^VR / _R
• IR = V
• V = IR

Kauj Ruam 5. Xam qhov hluav taws xob hla txhua tus tiv thaiv

Peb twb paub qhov muaj nqis ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tam sim no. Tam sim no, peb tuaj yeem ua txhua qhov kev suav. Plug cov lej rau hauv cov mis thiab ua tiav qhov kev suav. Nov yog kev suav rau peb tus resistors los ntawm qhov piv txwv saum toj no:

• Voltage ntawm R.₁ = V₁ = (1,2A) (2Ω) = 2,4 volts.
• Voltage ntawm R.₂ = V₂ = (1, 2A) (3Ω) = 3.6 volts.
• Voltage ntawm R.₃ = V₃ = (1, 2A) (5Ω) = 6 volts.

Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas koj cov lus teb

Hauv ib kab lus sib txuas, qhov suav tag nrho cov lus teb yuav tsum sib npaug rau tag nrho cov hluav taws xob. Ntxiv txhua qhov hluav taws xob uas koj tau suav thiab txheeb xyuas tias nws sib haum nrog tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob ntawm Circuit Court. Yog tias tsis yog, sim nrhiav qhov yuam kev hauv koj qhov kev suav.

• Raws li qhov piv txwv saum toj no, 2, 4 + 3, 6 + 6 = 12 volts, sib npaug rau tag nrho cov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob.
• Yog tias koj cov lus teb tawm me ntsis (hais 11, 97 tsis yog 12), muaj feem yuav koj tau tus lej sib npaug thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Tsis txhob txhawj, koj cov lus teb tsis raug.
• Nco ntsoov, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi, lossis tus lej ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Xav txog tias koj tab tom suav cov hluav taws xob tshiab pom thaum lawv taug kev nrog cov hluav taws xob. Yog koj suav kom raug, koj yuav paub tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob txij thaum pib kom tiav.

Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Xam qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm tus tiv thaiv (Parallel Circuit)

Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm paub txog cov kab hluav taws xob sib npaug

Xav txog ib txoj hlua txuas rau ib tus ncej ntawm lub roj teeb, tom qab ntawd faib ua ob txoj kab sib cais. Ob lub xov hlau no tau sib dhos ua ke, tom qab ntawd rov txuas ua ntej txuas mus rau lwm tus ncej ntawm lub roj teeb. Yog tias xaim ntawm sab laug txuas nrog tus tiv thaiv, thiab xaim ntawm sab xis tseem txuas rau lwm tus tiv thaiv, ob tus tiv thaiv tau txuas nrog "sib luag".

Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas raws li koj nyiam. Phau ntawv qhia no tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv hluav taws xob uas txuas rau hauv 100 lub xov hlau uas tom qab ntawd txuas dua

Kauj Ruam 2. Paub tias hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws mus li cas hauv cov kab hluav taws xob

Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev. Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm cov hlau nyob rau sab laug, los ntawm tus tiv thaiv sab laug, thiab txhua txoj kev mus rau lwm qhov kawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tam sim no tseem ntws los ntawm xaim ntawm sab xis, los ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm sab xis, thiab txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov kawg. Tsis muaj cov xov hlau lossis cov tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob sib kis tau dhau los ob zaug.

Kauj Ruam 3. Siv tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob txhawm rau nrhiav qhov hluav taws xob hla txhua tus tiv thaiv

Yog tias koj paub qhov hluav taws xob nyob thoob plaws hauv Circuit Court, cov lus teb yog yooj yim mus nrhiav. Txhua lub xaim hluav taws xob sib npaug muaj qhov hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Hais tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ob lub resistors nyob rau hauv parallel thiab lub roj teeb 6 volt. Teeb meem tsis cuam tshuam txog niaj hnub no. Txhawm rau nkag siab nws, nco qab cov kab hluav taws xob tau piav qhia saum toj no:

• Nco ntsoov tias qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv ib kab hluav taws xob ib txwm sib npaug rau qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
• Xav txog txhua txoj hauv kev uas tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv ib kab lus. Tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov kev sib txuas sib txuas: yog tias koj ntxiv tag nrho cov hluav taws xob, qhov tshwm sim yog sib npaug rau tag nrho cov hluav taws xob.
• Txij li tam sim no los ntawm txhua txoj kab hlau sib txuas tsuas yog dhau los ntawm ib tus tiv thaiv, qhov hluav taws xob hla tus tiv thaiv yuav tsum sib npaug tag nrho cov hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 4. Xam tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tam sim no

Yog tias qhov teeb meem tsis muab tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob hla lub Circuit Court, koj yuav tsum ua tiav ob peb kauj ruam ntxiv. Pib los ntawm kev nrhiav tag nrho tam sim no los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Hauv kev sib tw Circuit Court, tag nrho tam sim no yog sib npaug ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev.

• Cov mis muaj raws li hauv qab no: I._{tag nrho} = Kuv₁ + Kuv₂ + Kuv₃…
• Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nkag siab nws, xav txog cov kav dej uas muaj ob ceg. Tag nrho cov dej ntws hauv cov kav dej yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej ntws hauv txhua cov yeeb nkab.

Kauj Ruam 5. Xam tag nrho qhov tsis kam ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus tiv thaiv tau txo qis hauv kev sib tw vim tias nws tsuas thaiv qhov tam sim no los ntawm ib txoj xov hlau. Qhov tseeb, ntau cov xov hlau nyob hauv Circuit Court, nws yooj yim dua rau tam sim no txhawm rau nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom ntws tau zoo. Txhawm rau nrhiav tag nrho qhov tsis kam, nrhiav tus nqi ntawm R. _{tag nrho} hauv qhov kev ua zauv no:

• ¹ / _{Rtag nrho = ¹ / R1 + ¹ / R2 + ¹ / R3 …}
• Piv txwv li, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj cov resistors ntawm 2 ohms thiab 4 ohms txuas nrog ua ke, feem. ¹ / _{Rtag nrho = 1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4 → 1 = (3/4) Rtag nrho → R ibtag nrho = 1/(3/4) = 4/3 = ~ 1.33 ohms.}

Kauj Ruam 6. Nrhiav qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm koj cov lus teb

Nco ntsoov, thaum peb pom tag nrho cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, peb twb paub qhov loj ntawm qhov hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm txhua txoj kab hlau txuas. Siv Ohm Txoj Cai los ua kom tiav qhov kev suav. Ua tibzoo saib cov lus nug piv txwv hauv qab no:

• Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj tam sim no ntawm 5 amperes thiab tag nrho kev tiv thaiv ntawm 1.33 ohms.
• Raws li Ohm Txoj Cai, kuv = V / R kom V = IR
• V = (5A) (1, 33Ω) = 6.65 volts.

Lub tswv yim

• Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob nyuaj, piv txwv li muaj cov resistors txuas nrog ua ke thiab series, xaiv ob qhov ze tshaj resistors. Nrhiav tag nrho kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ob tus tiv thaiv siv cov cai rau cov neeg tawm tsam hauv cov kab thiab cov hluav taws xob sib luag. Tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem kho nws ua ib tus neeg tawm tsam. Ua cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum koj muaj lub Circuit Court uas cov resistors tau teeb tsa xwb hauv koob los yog thaum uas tig mus
• Qhov hluav taws xob hla tus tiv thaiv feem ntau hu ua "qhov poob qis."

• Nkag siab cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

  • Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob/cov hlua - Kev teeb tsa ntawm ntau yam khoom siv (cov neeg tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), uas txuas nrog cov kab hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog.
  • Resistor - lub hauv paus uas txo lossis cuam tshuam hluav taws xob.
  • Tam sim no - Cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv lub cable. Qhia tawm hauv Ampere (A).
  • Voltage - Tus nqi hluav taws xob uas hla txhua ob. Qhia tawm hauv chav nyob ntawm volts (V).
  • Kev Tiv Thaiv - Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub hauv paus qhov kev tawm tsam rau hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhia tawm hauv Ohms (Ω)