Kev tawm tswv yim sau ntawv yog hom kev tshuaj xyuas kev sau ntawv uas feem ntau tshwj xeeb rau International Baccalaureate (IB) qhov kev xeem, uas yog qhov kev xeem tsim nyog thoob ntiaj teb rau kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws, rau cov ncauj lus ntawm lus thiab ntaub ntawv. Paub txog kev sau cov lus tawm tswv yim zoo yuav pab koj kom ua tiav koj li kev paub lus Askiv IB. Ib qho ntxiv, qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau cov lus tawm tswv yim yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas uas muaj cov ntsiab lus sau sau.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Kev Txheeb Xyuas Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem cov ntawv sau tseg
Nyeem cov ntawv ib zaug hauv nws kom tau txais lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus. Xav txog cov lus dav dav uas tau nthuav tawm tag nrho thiab txheeb cov cim lossis cov khoom uas zoo li tseem ceeb. Txiav txim siab hom kev sau ntawv hauv kab lus (sau paj huam, paj huam, paj huam ntawm yam tshwj xeeb, tsis yog dab neeg, ntawv tseeb, thiab lwm yam). Koj tuaj yeem nco thawj qhov tshwm sim uas tshwm sim ntawm qee nqe lus hauv kab ntawv kom cov kab lus no tuaj yeem siv ua koj li kev siv hauv kev sau cov lus sau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem nqe lus kom ntxaws
Thaum koj tau nyeem nws ib zaug, rov qab mus rau qhov pib thiab rov nyeem nqe lus. Lub sijhawm no, sau kab lus tseem ceeb lossis kab lus, thiab sau koj cov ntawv sau tseg hauv cov npoo. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov cim qhia pom, piv txwv nrog cov xub qhia txog kev sib raug zoo. Koj yuav tsum tau nyeem nqe lus tsawg kawg ob zaug, tab sis yog tias koj muaj sijhawm txaus, koj tuaj yeem nyeem nws peb lossis plaub zaug kom paub tseeb tias koj paub txhua yam ntxaws ntxaws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas ntu tseem ceeb uas koj tau sau rau hauv koj cov ntawv
Xav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus uas koj xav tau hais qhia thiab piav qhia hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv. Koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas thiab npaj daim duab loj thiab nyeem cov ntsiab lus uas txhawb nws hauv koj qhov kev sau.
Cov piv txwv hauv qab no yuav raug coj los ntawm paj huam los ntawm Seamus Heaney, "Blackberry-Picking."
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv nqe lus nug suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab loj, uas yog cov ntsiab lus, cov phiaj xwm, teeb tsa, thiab cov cim lossis cov duab. Qee qhov ntsiab lus suav nrog yog:
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Ntsiab Lus/Xam Xaj/Yam Kawm - Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus yog dab tsi? Koj yuav pom ob peb lub ntsiab lus, tab sis sim nrhiav tus yuam sij lossis ob los npog. Qhov no yuav pab koj txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv uas koj muaj, xws li tus sau lub npe lossis hnub tim uas tsab xov xwm tau sau.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov paj huam "Blackberry-Picking" yog hais txog ob tus neeg khaws ntau tus blackberries
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Cov Neeg/Lub Hom Phiaj - Txheeb xyuas tus sau lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj. Puas yog cov ntawv yaum, qhia, lossis piav qhia? Hais txog cov ntsiab lus me me thiab ib qho kev dag thiab kev dag ntxias uas tshwm.
- Kev mob siab rau ntawm "Blackberry-Picking" rau Philip Hobsbaum qhia tias nws nrog rau cov pej xeem yog cov neeg Heaney nyob qhov twg uas yuav yog cov neeg mloog nws cov paj huam.
- Ib txoj hauv kev los nthuav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm paj huam yog hais tias, "Heaney xav xav txog qhov kev coj dawb huv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thaum lawv yws yws txog lub sijhawm dhau mus."
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Suab - Leej twg hais lus? Xeev seb cov ntawv siv thawj tus neeg lossis tus neeg thib peb pom. Yog tias nws yog thawj tus neeg pom, lub suab los ntawm tus sau lossis lwm tus? Cov ntawv nyob rau leej twg? Hauv qhov no, koj kuj yuav tsum hais txog qhov teeb tsa thiab piav qhia tias nws cuam tshuam li cas rau lub suab thiab lub ntsiab lus tag nrho ntawm cov ntawv.
Cov paj huam "Blackberry-Picking" tau sau thawj tus neeg hauv ntau tshaj, raws li nws tau hais tias muaj ob lub cim hauv nws. Tus hais lus zoo li yog tus txiv neej laus xav txog blackberry khaws hnub ntawm nws cov hluas
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv
Sib tham txog daim ntawv thiab kev npaj siv hauv kab ntawv, tsis yog tus sau hais li cas (piv txwv li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus), tab sis nws yuav qhia nws li cas. Cov qauv siv tuaj yeem yog:
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Tus Qauv/Tus Qauv - txiav txim siab tus qauv (ntawv tseeb/tsis tseeb, sau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, sau ntawv mus ncig, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv. Cov ntawv puas yog cov lus piav qhia lossis cov ntawv nyeem rov qab? Nrhiav txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los faib cov ntawv ua ntu (lub cev lossis lwm yam). Txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas cov qauv thiab kev npaj siv cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus lossis cov lus ntawm cov ntawv.
"Blackberry-Picking" yog cov paj huam qhib uas muaj ob txoj kab lus tsis sib xws. Koj tuaj yeem hais tias qhov kev npaj no tuaj yeem yog tus tub 'kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txav chaw thaum lawv khiav thaum khaws blackberries
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Kev txhais lus - Kev sib tham ntawm cov lus teb. Ua qhov kev soj ntsuam txog hom lus uas tus sau siv - txawm tias muaj lub ntsiab lus (kev zoo siab, kev txhawj xeeb, thiab lwm yam) uas tshwm sim hauv kev xaiv cov lus. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau hais cov lus tawm ntawm qhov chaw - lawv yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi rau tus nyeem ntawv? Lo lus puas pab txhawb lub ntsiab lus?
Cov paj huam "Xaiv Blackberry" muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hais lus lossis xaiv lo lus uas tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas. Qee lo lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog "Lub caij ntuj sov cov ntshav", "ntshaw rau/ Xaiv," "phaj ntawm qhov muag," "txhais tes tau tawg," thiab "nas-grey fungus glutting ntawm peb cov cache."
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Rhythm/Rhythm/Sound Effects - Tham txog cov lus sib dhos (yog tias muaj). Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig dab tsi rau cov ntsiab lus tag nrho? Piav cov lus sib dhos hauv kab lus (txawm tias qhov no cuam tshuam hauv cov paj huam, tsis txhob hnov qab txheeb xyuas nws hauv kab lus). Puas muaj kev hloov? Kuj mloog zoo rau lwm yam xws li kev sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, ceev faj ntawm qhov no - yog cov lus sib dhos/suab paj nruag/suab tsis zoo li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, nws zoo tshaj tsis hais lossis piav qhia nws.
Cov paj huam "Blackberry-Picking" tsis muaj cov lus sib dhos ib txwm muaj, tab sis muaj qee cov lus sib dhos thaum kawg thiab hauv nruab nrab xws li "hnub/ib qho" thiab "clot/knot"
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua tib zoo mloog lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv kab lus
Tam sim no koj tau txiav txim siab dab tsi qhov kev tsocai tau tham txog nrog rau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb xa tag nrho, nws yog lub sijhawm los tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv kab lus. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws hauv kev sau cov lus suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
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Tone/Atmosphere - Sib tham txog huab cua hauv kab lus. Puas muaj kev xav zoo lossis muaj kev xav tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv zaj dab neeg? Sib tham seb tus kws sau tsim cov txiaj ntsig no (xav txog kev xaiv lo lus, sib dhos, thiab cov syntax). Rov hais dua txog qhov teeb tsa thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm huab cua uas tau tsim los.
Cov cua hauv zaj paj huam “Blackberry-Picking” hloov pauv los ntawm kev lom zem tshawb nrhiav huab cua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas mus rau qhov hnyav dua vim tias cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam raws li qhov tsis xav tau
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Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws - Sib tham yuav ua li cas qhov kev nkag siab tuaj yeem siv los ua kom pom tseeb dua rau tus nyeem ntawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab nco ntsoov txheeb koj cov kev soj ntsuam mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv ib txwm muaj.
Blackberry-Picking cov paj huam muaj qee cov ntsiab lus ntxim nyiam, xws li "nqaij yog qab zib/ Zoo li cov cawv tuab" thiab "Peb txhais tes tau peppered/ Nrog pos pos"
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Cov duab - Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev xav paub ntxaws. Puas muaj duab pom nyob hauv cov ntawv? Sib tham txog cov lus piv txwv thiab ua piv txwv uas siv hauv cov ntawv (ob qho tib si raug cais thiab piv txwv tas li hauv cov ntawv).
Hauv Blackberry-Picking tseem muaj cov lus piv txwv, xws li "peb pom cov plaub, / Ib tus nas-grey fungus, glutting ntawm peb lub cache" thiab "lub caij ntuj sov cov ntshav tau nyob hauv nws / Tawm stains ntawm tus nplaig"
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kev Npaj Sau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim koj cov lus pom
Nco tseg cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum tau npog. Teem cov ntsiab lus no kom raug thiab kom tsim nyog kom koj qhov kev sau ntawv tuaj yeem saib zoo thiab meej. Nrhiav cov lus los ntawm cov ntawv koj tab tom tshuaj xyuas rau txhua lub ntsiab lus. Nco ntsoov hais lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas. (teev saum toj no, hauv ntu 1).
Koj tus qauv tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv teev npe lossis kab lus piav qhia qhov koj yuav piav qhia: cov lus tawm tswv yim ntawm "Blackberry-Picking" tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm, qhia, phiaj xwm, tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus hais lus, npaj thiab sib dhos, cov cuab yeej sau ntawv (zoo ib yam lossis daim duab) ntawm kev hais lus).), sib dhos, sib dhos, xaiv lo lus, cuam tshuam rau cov nyeem, thiab xaus lus
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas koj cov lus sib cav
Txhua qhov kev sau ntawv yuav tsum raug tswj los ntawm kev sib cav, feem ntau yog hauv daim ntawv thesis nqe lus lossis kab lus kab lus. Koj yuav tsum muaj lub laj thawj los sau ib tsab ntawv (tsis yog qhov xav tau.)
Koj thesis rau paj huam "Blackberry-Picking" yuav yog qee yam xws li, "Heaney siv lub hauv paus ntawm" Blackberry-Picking "ua piv txwv rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem hla lub sijhawm thiab poob ntawm kev tsis muaj hluas
Kauj Ruam 3. nthuav koj lub tswv yim dhau ntawm cov ntawv
Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yuav zoo dua yog tias koj nthuav koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas mus rau ntu loj ntawm cov ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej puag ncig koj, xws li tus sau lub neej lossis keeb kwm yav dhau los.
Hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm "Blackberry-Picking," thesis saum toj no (Heaney siv lub hauv paus ntawm "Blackberry-Picking" raws li cov lus piv txwv rau kev zam lub sijhawm thiab kev ploj ntawm cov hluas tsis muaj txim,) nthuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam uas muaj tsuas yog blackberry khaws rau hauv kev qhia ua lub neej muaj zog. loj dua
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub qhov txawv ntawm tus hais lus/tus piav thiab tus kws sau ntawv
Thaum koj txheeb xyuas, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj ua qhov sib txawv ntawm tus hais lus (hauv paj huam) lossis tus piav (hauv paj huam) ua thiab tus kws sau ntawv ua dab tsi.
- Hauv zaj paj huam "Blackberry-Picking," Heaney tsim cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv lub ntsej muag zoo li "lub caij ntuj sov cov ntshav" thiab "nas-grey fungus". Tus sau tau txais kev xaiv hais txog kev suav nrog lossis cais tawm ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv txoj haujlwm.
- Hauv zaj paj huam "Blackberry-Picking," tus neeg hais lus piav qhia khaws blackberries hauv nws cov hluas. (Koj tsis tuaj yeem xav tias tus hais lus yog tus sau; nws yuav yog tus yam ntxwv tsim los ntawm tus sau).
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Sau Ntawv Hais Txog Kev Sau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov lus qhia kom zoo
Cov lus qhia tau zoo tuaj yeem ntes tus nyeem ntawv mloog, qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam txog cov ntawv, piv txwv li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus sau thiab lub npe (sau cov cim cim npe kom raug). Tsis tas li, hais qhia koj qhov kev sib cav hauv kev txheeb xyuas koj - hauv lwm lo lus, piav qhia vim li cas koj thiaj sau cov lus pom.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau koj cov lus pom
Tam sim no koj muaj lub tswv yim meej ntawm yam koj yuav piav thiab koj tau qhia lub ncauj lus, koj tuaj yeem pib sau lub cev ntawm koj cov lus pom. Yam uas koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau:
- Tsis txhob sau cov npe hauv thawj tus neeg lossis tus thib ob. Cov kev zam tsuas yog rau qhov kev txiav txim siab-thawj tus tib neeg tsuas yog siv los piav qhia cov ntsiab lus yav dhau los uas tau hais tseg.
- Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv luv - "tsis yog" zoo dua li siv cov ntawv luv xws li "tsis", yog tias koj sau ua lus Askiv, siv "tsis tau" lossis "tsis tuaj yeem" yog qhov zoo dua "tsis tau" lossis "tsis tuaj yeem". Zoo ib yam nrog lwm cov ntawv luv xws li "etc", "etc", "dst", "eg" lossis yog ua lus Askiv nws yog "ex:" thiab "etc." Xyuas kom koj siv cov lus zoo thiab raug.
- Yog tias koj sau ua lus Askiv, nco ntsoov koj siv "qhov tam sim no". Cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm yuav ib txwm hais txog yam khoom tam sim no. Thaum koj txheeb xyuas cov paj huam, nco ntsoov koj siv lub sijhawm uas hais txog tam sim no, tsis yog yav dhau los.
- Yog tias koj siv kab lus ntawm qhov pib kab lus, xyuas kom nws luv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Zam kev sau lossis rov piav zaj dab neeg
Koj qhov kev sau ntawv yuav tsum yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev sib cav txog cov ntawv; tsis yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem zam qhov kev nyiam ua kom xaus los ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev sib tham ntawm ntu me me ntawm cov ntawv. Hauv kev sib tham txog cov ntu no, koj tuaj yeem nthuav qhia piv txwv hauv qhov tsis raws cai (raws li qhov tsis haum cov ntawv).
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxig ib nqe lus los ntawm kab ntawv
Koj yuav tsum muab pov thawj ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntawv uas tau muab hauv koj tsab ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias ib feem ntawm cov ntawv koj hais luv luv (hais txog kab lus lossis kab lus), thiab txheeb cov lus hais rau koj qhov kev sau. Qhov kev tsocai yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas cais los ntawm koj cov lus piav qhia. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus hais yuav tsum tau cim nrog cov lus hais.
- Piv txwv: Tus hais lus hauv zaj paj huam “Blackberry-Picking” yws, “Kuv ib txwm zoo li quaj. Nws tsis ncaj ncees / Tias tag nrho cov canfuls ntxim nyiam tsw ntawm rot."
- Siv tus ntawv tom ntej (/) txhawm rau qhia txog kev tawg ntawm kab hauv kab paj huam.
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Siv "PIE" txoj hauv kev: Ua Tus Ntsuj Plig, Qhia Piv Txwv (nrog nqe lus), thiab piav qhia lossis piav qhia (vim li cas nqe lus piav qhia koj lub ntsiab lus tau zoo).
Piv txwv li, Heaney siv ntau qhov kev xa mus rau xim paj huam "Blackberry-Picking," sau "ci ci ntshav ntshav/ Ntawm lwm tus, liab, ntsuab, tawv li pob." Kev siv cov xim no tsim cov ntsiab lus tiag tiag thiab cov ntsiab lus uas tus nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem pom
Kauj Ruam 5. Kos qhov xaus
Qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej thiab nthuav dav tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tham hauv lub cev ntawm kev tawm tswv yim yam tsis tau ntxiv cov tswv yim tshiab lossis cov tswv yim cuam tshuam nrog koj qhov kev sib cav. Txawm li cas los xij, koj raug tso cai ntxiv cov lus xav txog tus kheej hauv nqe lus xaus.
Lub tswv yim
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Thaum koj sau cov lus hais txog kev sau paj huam, nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no:
Tsom ntsoov rau tus sau txoj kev sau ntawv. Sib tham txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej sau ntawv siv, tsis yog tus sau phau ntawv tus kheej cov cuab yeej
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Thaum koj sau cov lus hais txog paj huam, nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no:
- Thaum tham txog "suab", tham txog "tus hais lus" lossis "tus yam ntxwv" tsim. Tsis txhob siv lo lus piav qhia txog tus neeg hais lus hauv zaj paj huam.
- Nco ntsoov tias paj huam feem ntau yog tsom rau cov neeg mloog, tsis yog nyeem ntawv.
