Kev txhais lus yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas nrog lwm tus neeg txoj kev xav rau hauv koj qhov kev sau yam tsis siv cov lus ncaj qha. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus piav qhia los ua pov thawj lossis txhawb lub tswv yim. Yog tias koj xav sau kab lus, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia tus tswv thawj lub tswv yim kom raug siv koj cov lus. Tom qab ntawv, xyuas kom koj nkag mus rau qhov chaw raug.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv 1-3 nqe lus
Tsis txhob sim muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dhau ib zaug. Tsom ntsoov rau kab lus uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los txhawb koj lub tswv yim lossis kev sib cav, thiab ua rau lawv nkag mus rau hauv ib nqe lus piav qhia. Yog tias koj xav siv cov ntawv ntev dua, peb pom zoo kom sau cov ntsiab lus.
- Cov ntsiab lus yog dav dua li cov lus piav qhia vim tias nws tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho ntu thiab suav cov ntawv tag nrho. Paraphrasing tsom mus rau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb lossis lub tswv yim hauv kev ua haujlwm loj dua.
- Xaiv nqe lus uas txhawb kev sib cav ncaj qha. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais luam tawm hauv kab lus lossis tus kws tshaj lij lub tswv yim ntawm qhov teeb meem koj tau sau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia cov nqe lus los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lub tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab txhawb cov ntsiab lus
Txiav txim seb tus kws sau ntawv hais dab tsi, xws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis kev sib cav. Tom qab ntawd, nco ntsoov tias lawv txhawb lub tswv yim li cas. Qhov kev tsocai txhais li cas tag nrho?
- Sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. Qhov no pab koj nkag siab qhov kev tsocai, thiab tseem sau cov ntawv sau ua ib kab lus.
- Piv txwv li, koj xaiv qhov lus hais no: "Tsis tau xav txog, kev teeb tsa cov tsheb ciav hlau tsis txo qis qhov kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev no. Lub sijhawm taug kev los ntawm lub nroog plawv mus rau thaj chaw nyob ze tshaj plaws yog nruab nrab 40 feeb ua ntej teeb tsa cov tsheb khiav mus los. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, lub sijhawm nruab nrab mus ncig yog 38 feeb, uas tsis yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. " Hauv qhov lus hais no, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm tus sau yog lub teeb taws tsheb tsis daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev, thiab cov lus txhawb nqa yog txheeb cais hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev mus ncig uas tsis txawv dhau ua ntej thiab tom qab teeb tsa.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txhais nqe lus yog tias cov lus tsis tseem ceeb dua li lub tswv yim nws tus kheej
Yog tias koj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm tib lub tswv yim hauv cov lus sib txawv, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los txhais cov lus. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb ntawm koj cov lus. Ntxiv rau, koj tsis tas yuav suav cov lus hais ntau dhau.
- Paraphrasing yog lub tswv yim zoo rau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, qhov tseeb, lossis txheeb cais.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txhais kom tsis txhob muaj ntau cov lus ncaj qha. Paraphrasing ua kom pom cov tswv yim hauv nqe lus thiab hloov cov lus qub.
- Cov kab lus tseem yuav tsum tau hais txog. Yog tias tsis yog, tom qab ntawd koj tau ua txhaum kev dag ntxias.
- Piv txwv, siv cov lus ncaj qha hauv kev sib tham, paj huam, hais lus, lossis kab lus tshwj xeeb. Lub caij no, lwm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem piav qhia.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob hais nqe lus yog cov nqe lus hais ncaj qha tseem ceeb
Kev hais ncaj ncaj yog qhov tseem ceeb dua yog tias koj xav tau tus kws sau cov lus qub los khaws lub ntsiab lus, tus kws tshaj lij txoj cai tshaj tawm lawv, thiab cov lus zoo. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem hais Soekarno cov lus ncaj qha, Muab rau kuv ib txhiab niam txiv, Kuv yuav muaj tseeb tshem tawm Semeru los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Muab kaum tus tub hluas rau kuv, kuv yuav ua rau lub ntiaj teb tshee hnyo”vim nws cov lus tseem ceeb.
- Peb pom zoo siv cov lus ncaj qha rau cov lus ntawm cov nom tswv, cov neeg muaj koob npe, lossis cov neeg sau ntawv.
- Yog tias hom lus ntawm koj cov ntawv tseem ceeb, cov lus ncaj qha yog qhov zoo tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem xaiv los piav cov kab lus ntev lossis kab lus kom ua rau lawv ntau dua thiab luv.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Siv Koj Cov Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem dua cov ntawv citation uas yuav siv
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab qhov kev tsocai ua ntej koj tuaj yeem txhais nws. Hauv qee kis, daim ntawv yuav tsum tau nyeem ntau thiab ntau dua.
- Tsom ntsoov rau lub tswv yim hauv nqe lus. Tus kws sau ntawv sim qhia dab tsi?
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus tsocai, txheeb xyuas cov ntawv, thiab nyeem nqe lus hais dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Rov qab xav dua hauv koj cov lus
Siv koj cov ntawv thiab nkag siab ntawm cov ntawv tag nrho. Tsis txhob cia li hloov cov lus hauv thawj nqe lus nrog lawv cov lus sib xws vim nws tseem suav tias yog kev dag ntxias. Hloov chaw, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj cov lus txhais yog qhov qub. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum siv cov kab lus sib txawv, uas haum rau koj cov ntawv sau.
- Piv txwv, ntawm no yog cov lus hais thawj: "Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias 40% ntawm cov neeg pov npav hauv Pemilukada tsis tau xaiv lawv kom txog thaum lawv tuaj txog ntawm chaw pov npav."
- Kab lus no suav nrog kev dag ntxias: "Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb qhia tias 40% ntawm cov neeg uas pov npav hauv Kev Xaiv Tsa Dav Dav Hauv Cheeb Tsam Lub Xeev txiav txim siab tias lawv yuav pov npav rau leej twg tom qab nyob hauv lub chaw pov npav pov npav."
- Yog li, nws zoo dua los sau qee yam zoo li no: "Raws li kev tshawb fawb no, 40% ntawm cov neeg tos kom txog thaum lawv nyob ntawm TPS rau Kev Xaiv Tsa Lub Hauv Paus Hauv Cheeb Tsam xaiv seb leej twg yuav coj lawv."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sib piv koj cov lus sib piv nrog cov lus hais thawj
Nyeem ob kab lus nrov thiab xyuas kom lub tswv yim zoo ib yam, tab sis cov lus sib txawv. Kev txhais lus yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv txaus kom tsis txhob tsim kev dag ntxias, tab sis tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kws sau lub hom phiaj.
- Rov kho dua yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias cov kab lus siv tau zoo cuam tshuam qhov qub lus.
- Sim kom lwm tus neeg nyeem koj cov lus tsocai thawj thiab kab lus. Nug kom nkag siab seb koj cov lus piav qhia puas tsim nyog qhia tus tswv lub tswv yim.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov lus piav qhia cuam tshuam tus kws sau lub hom phiaj
Qee zaum, txhais cov ntsiab lus tsis paub txog ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus kom nws tsis sib haum nrog tus sau lub hom phiaj. Cov lus piav qhia txhawb koj qhov kev sib cav, tab sis tsis raug. Txhua yam uas tau hais los ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tus thawj sau lub hom phiaj hauv nws cov haujlwm tag nrho.
- Piv txwv li, tus thawj sau tau hais txog rooj plaub ntawm kev xaiv tsa tshwj xeeb hauv lub nroog me me txog kev tso cai dev hauv cov tiaj ua si hauv nroog. Sab hauv yog nqe lus "Thaum peb tham nrog cov neeg uas tau pov npav tawm tsam nws, peb pom feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev muaj dev nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis nyiam txoj kev txhawb nqa lawv kom hloov txoj cai chaw ua si."
- Yog tias koj daim ntawv hais txog kev xaiv tsa feem ntau, nws yuav tsis raug siv qhov kev hais tawm zoo li no: "Raws li Budiman, feem coob ntawm cov neeg uas koom nrog kev xaiv tsa tau saib xyuas ntau ntxiv txog kev sib tw ntau dua li kev xaiv tsa nws tus kheej." Qhov no tsis cuam tshuam txog thawj lub hom phiaj ntawm tus sau.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob siv cov lus hais hauv kab lus
Txij li cov kab lus tau sau hauv koj tus kheej cov lus, tsis tas yuav siv cov cim hais los txhawm rau nws. Tsuas yog sau zoo li lwm cov ntawv hauv koj tus kheej cov lus.
Siv cov cim hais los txhawm rau txhawm rau cov lus tshwj xeeb xav tau los qhia tus thawj sau lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, thaum hais txog kab lus los ntawm phau ntawv Freakonomics los ntawm Stephen J. Dubner thiab Steven Levitt, koj yuav tsum muab lo lus "freakonomics" sau rau hauv cov lus hais
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Ntxig Cov Lus Hais
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas tus kws qhia qhov kev nyiam ua raws li phau ntawv qhia
Cov lus qhia nrov tshaj plaws yog MLA, APA, thiab Chicago Style. Koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia thaum suav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev hais tawm ob qho tib si hauv kab lus ntawm kab lus hauv kab lus lossis ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv.
Txheeb xyuas phau ntawv qhia ua haujlwm lossis tham nrog tus kws qhia. Yog tias koj siv cov lus citation tsis raug, koj yuav tsis tau txais cov qhab nia puv
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov kab ntawv sib dhos rau hauv cov ntawv sau hauv MLA lossis APA style
Koj yuav tsum suav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm kab lus tom qab nws. Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm hauv kab lus tom qab kab lus.
- Yog tias siv MLA, sau tus sau lub xeem thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, “Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum ua si sab nraum ib teev ib hnub (Lopez 25-27).
- Txog APA hom ntawv, koj yuav tsum sau tus sau lub npe thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Piv txwv li, “Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum ua si sab nraum zoov ib teev ib hnub (Lopez 2018).
- Yog tias koj txhais tus sau lub npe hauv ob hom ntawv, koj yuav tsis suav nws lub npe hauv qhov chaw ntxiv. Txog MLA, sau tej yam zoo li no: “Raws li Lopez, menyuam yuav tsum ua si sab nraum zoov ib teev ib hnub (25-27).
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag mus rau tus lej hauv qab rau Chicago Style
Tom qab txhais cov lus, sau tus lej me me nyob ze lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hauv koj cov txheej txheem txheej txheem cov lus txhawm rau ntxig tus lej hauv qab hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv. Nkag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm nplooj ntawv Bibliography. Txawm li cas los xij, sau tus neeg sau lub npe ua ntej, ua raws li lub xeem.
- Ua ntej tus lej hauv qab los ntawm 1 mus rau tom ntej.
- Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm tus lej hauv qab: 1Eva S. Lopez, "Tsis lees Cov dev: Cov Phiaj Xwm Tsis Ua Haujlwm" hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kawm Hauv Txoj Cai Hauv Zos (New York: LightOn Publications, 2018), 122-137.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim Cov Ntawv Cited Works, Reference, lossis Bibliography page
Koj yuav tsum npaj cov ntaub ntawv citation raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Txhua qhov chaw muaj nws tus kheej hom ntawv rau sau tus sau, lub npe, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm.
- Cited Ua haujlwm nplooj ntawv rau MLA style.
- Reference Page rau APA.
- Hauv Chicago Style, koj yuav tsum tsim Cov Ntawv Sau.
Lub tswv yim
- Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom kev sau ntawv, tsis hais rau tsev kawm ntawv theem qis, theem siab, qib siab, tsev kawm qib siab, lossis kev ua haujlwm.
- Kev txhais lus txhais tau tias qhia lwm tus lub tswv yim hauv ib tus kheej cov lus. Tias yog vim li cas koj tseem yuav tsum suav nrog lub hauv paus.
- Saib cov neeg ua pov thawj lossis cov lus qhia rau cov piv txwv ntawm kev hais tawm thiab cov kab lus, thiab yuav suav nrog cov peev txheej li cas.
- Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los hais lus sib tham hauv kab lus. Yog tias koj xav suav nrog cov lus sib tham los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sau ntawv, siv cov lus ncaj qha.
