Ntshav qab zib yog teeb meem kev zom zaub mov uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev lub peev xwm los tsim lossis tsim cov tshuaj insulin, uas yog txheej txheem uas lub cev hloov cov piam thaj hauv ntshav mus rau lub zog. Thaum lub cev lub cev dhau los ua cov tshuaj insulin lossis lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin txaus, cov ntshav qab zib nce siab, ua rau muaj ntau yam tshwm sim luv luv thiab ntev ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Muaj plaub hom "mob ntshav qab zib": mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, hom 1, hom 2, thiab ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej kuaj mob txhua xyoo yog hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Paub txog Qhov Muaj Feem Xyuam Ntawm Yam Hom Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb koj tus kheej rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm cev xeeb tub
Gestational lossis gestational diabetes tshwm sim rau poj niam cev xeeb tub. Yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo siab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas thaum koj thawj zaug mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab tom qab tshuaj xyuas hauv lub hlis thib ob. Cov poj niam uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg yuav raug tshuaj xyuas hauv peb lub hlis thib ob, nruab nrab ntawm lub lis piam 24 thiab 28. Cov poj niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub yog qhov pheej hmoo pheej hmoo ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib hauv kaum xyoo ntawm tus menyuam yug los. Risk yam tseem ceeb rau cev xeeb tub muaj xws li:
- Cev xeeb tub dhau hnub nyoog 25 xyoos
- Keeb kwm ntawm ntshav qab zib lossis kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm tus kheej lossis tsev neeg kev noj qab haus huv
- Nyhav ntau dhau thaum cev xeeb tub (BMI tus nqi ntawm 30 lossis ntau dua)
- Cov poj niam dub, Neeg Mev, Neeg Qhab Asmeskas, Neeg Esxias, lossis Pacific Islander qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob
- Cev xeeb tub thib peb lossis siab dua
- Kev loj hlob ntawm menyuam hauv plab ntau dhau hauv lub tsev menyuam (intrauterine) thaum cev xeeb tub
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj feem yuav mob ntshav qab zib
Ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib yam kab mob hauv lub cev uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib (piam thaj) uas siab dua li qhov ib txwm muaj (70-99). Txawm li cas los xij, qib ntshav qab zib no tseem qis dua qib tau qhia los ntawm kev siv tshuaj los tswj ntshav qab zib. Yam uas yuav ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib muaj xws li:
- Hnub nyoog 45 xyoos lossis tshaj saud
- Rog dhau
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib
- Txoj kev ua neej tsawg dua
- Ntshav siab
- Koj puas tau muaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub?
- Puas tau yug tus menyuam hnyav 4 kg lossis ntau dua
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntsuas koj tus kheej txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib
Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib qee zaum hu ua "mob ntshav qab zib tag nrho". Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, lub cev lub cev dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm leptin thiab insulin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov ntshav qab zib nce thiab ua rau cov tsos mob mus ntev thiab cuam tshuam ntawm Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Yam tseem ceeb rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib zoo ib yam rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, suav nrog:
- Hnub nyoog 45 xyoos lossis tshaj saud
- Rog dhau
- Tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog lub cev
- Ntshav siab
- Keeb kwm ntawm cev xeeb tub ntshav qab zib
- Puas tau yug me nyuam uas hnyav tshaj 4 kg
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm ntshav qab zib
- Ntev kev nyuaj siab
- Koj yog neeg dub, Neeg Mev, Neeg Qhab Asmeskas, Neeg Esxias, lossis Pacific Islander haiv neeg.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj feem yuav mob ntshav qab zib hom 1
Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev mob caj ces thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
- Cov neeg dawb muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau dua ntawm Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib.
- Cov huab cua txias thiab kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg muaj kev phom sij.
- Kev nyuaj siab thaum yau lossis raug mob
- Cov menyuam yaus uas tau pub niam mis thiab noj zaub mov zoo tom qab hauv lub neej tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txhim kho Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, txawm tias lawv muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm caj ces.
- Yog tias koj muaj tus ntxaib zoo ib yam uas muaj Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, koj muaj li ntawm 50% txoj hauv kev kom tau ib yam nkaus.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Saib Xyuas Cov Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Tau kuaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub
Cov poj niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub feem ntau tsis muaj tsos mob hlo li. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ib txwm thov kuaj ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub yog tias koj muaj yam txaus ntshai. Mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau koj thiab menyuam hauv plab. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntxov thiab kho yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau tus menyuam.
- Qee tus poj niam xav tias nqhis dej heev thiab xav tso zis ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj suav nrog cov cim dav dav ntawm cev xeeb tub ib txwm muaj.
- Qee tus poj niam tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis xis nyob tom qab noj zaub mov muaj carbohydrates lossis qab zib.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib
Raws li nrog ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, feem ntau muaj tsawg tus tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib. Cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib ntau heev, qhov no tsis siv rau cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus. Yog tias koj muaj qhov pheej hmoo ua rau mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj, kom lawv kuaj xyuas tas li, thiab khaws qhov muag kom pom cov tsos mob. Prediabetes tuaj yeem hloov mus ua ntshav qab zib yog tias tsis kho.
- Koj yuav muaj ntshav qab zib yog tias koj muaj "acanthosis nigricans" hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm lub cev. "Acanthosis nigricans" yog qhov tuab thiab ua kom tsaus ntuj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm lub xub pwg, caj dab, lub luj tshib, hauv caug, thiab pob qij txha.
- Koj yuav hnov tsis xis nyob tom qab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj carbohydrates lossis qab zib.
- Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj mob ntshav qab zib yog tias koj tau nce cov roj cholesterol, ntshav siab, lossis lwm yam tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, xws li cov tsos mob metabolic, lossis yog tias koj rog dhau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov tsos mob ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib
Txawm hais tias koj muaj qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai lossis tsis yog, koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Paub txog koj qhov kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua tib zoo saib cov cim hauv qab no uas tuaj yeem qhia txog kev nce ntshav qab zib:
- Poob ceeb vim tsis pom qhov laj thawj.
- Qhov muag tsis pom los yog hloov pauv qhov muag pom.
- Ua nqhis dej ntau vim ntshav qab zib ntau.
- Ua rau kom tso zis ntau ntxiv.
- Qaug zog thiab tsaug zog heev (tsaug zog), txawm tias tau pw txaus.
- Tingling lossis loog nyob hauv ko taw lossis txhais tes.
- Rov ua dua los yog nquag kis mob ntawm lub zais zis, tawv nqaij, lossis qhov ncauj.
- Tsov los yog tshaib plab thaum sawv ntxov lossis yav tav su lig
- Kev txiav thiab khawb zoo li yuav siv sijhawm ntev los kho.
- Cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab khaus khaus los yog cov pob zeb txawv txawv.
- Xav tias tshaib plab tshaj li ib txwm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ceev faj rau Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib nrog cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai
Txawm hais tias hom ntshav qab zib no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum tseem hluas lossis hluas, Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib kuj tseem tuaj yeem loj hlob thaum laus. Cov tsos mob ntawm Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tshwm sim tam sim lossis tam sim no maj mam rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog:
- Kev nqhis dej ntau dhau
- Ua ntau zaus tso zis
- Kev kis kab mob hauv qhov chaw ntawm poj niam
- Ntau dhau rhiab heev rau stimuli (chim siab)
- Qhov muag tsis pom kev
- Poob ceeb vim tsis pom qhov laj thawj
- Qhov txawv txav ntawm kev mus pw hauv cov menyuam
- Kev tshaib kev nqhis loj
- Hnov nkees thiab qaug zog
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim thaum xav tau
Tib neeg feem ntau tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib, tso cai rau tus mob mus rau theem txaus ntshai. Cov tsos mob ntawm Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim qeeb zuj zus. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, lub cev tuaj yeem tso tseg tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Koj yuav pom cov tsos mob hnyav dua uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej tshwj tsis yog kho sai. Cov no suav nrog:
- Ua pa tob thiab nrawm
- Lub ntsej muag liab, tawv nqaij qhuav thiab qhov ncauj
- Ua pa tsw zoo li txiv hmab txiv ntoo
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav
- Mob plab
- Hnov tsis meej pem (dazed) lossis tsis meej pem
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Ntshav Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib
Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib. Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib mellitus, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj tshuaj tas li raws li kws kho mob cov lus qhia.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas cov piam thaj hauv ntshav
Kev ntsuas ntshav qabzib hauv ntshav, raws li lub npe qhia, yog txheej txheem siv los tshuaj xyuas cov piam thaj (piam thaj) hauv cov ntshav. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav raug siv los txiav txim siab yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav qab zib. Qhov kev xeem no yuav ua tiav raws li ib ntawm peb qhov xwm txheej:
- Kev kuaj ntshav qabzib sai tau ua tiav tom qab koj tau yoo mov yam tsawg li yim teev. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua "txhua lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav qab zib" (txhua lub sijhawm) tsis hais seb koj puas tau noj tsis ntev los no.
- Kev xeem ob teev tom qab noj mov (tom qab noj mov) tau ua tiav tom qab koj tau noj cov carbohydrates uas tau teev tseg los tshuaj xyuas koj lub cev lub peev xwm los tswj cov piam thaj. Qhov kev xeem no feem ntau ua tiav hauv tsev kho mob kom cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm cov carbohydrates noj ua ntej kuaj mob.
- Kev kuaj ntshav qab zib hauv qhov ncauj xav kom koj haus cov dej uas muaj cov piam thaj siab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav tshuaj xyuas koj cov ntshav thiab cov zis txhua 30-60 feeb los ntsuas lub cev kev tso siab rau ntxiv cov piam thaj. Qhov kev ntsuas no tsis ua yog tias kws kho mob xav tias hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nug kom xeem A1C
Qhov kev ntsuas no tseem paub tias yog ntsuas glycated hemoglobin. Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas ntsuas cov piam thaj uas khi rau lub cev hemoglobin molecules. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab koj cov ntshav qab zib hauv nruab nrab li 30 txog 60 hnub dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua qhov ntsuas ketone yog tias tsim nyog
Ketones tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thaum lub cev raug yuam kom zom cov rog rau hauv lub zog raws li cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus. Ketones raug tso tawm hauv cov zis, feem ntau yog cov neeg mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo ntsuas ketones hauv koj cov ntshav lossis zis:
- Yog tias koj cov ntshav qab zib siab dua 240 mg/dL.
- Thaum muaj mob xws li mob ntsws, mob hlab ntsha tawg, lossis plawv nres.
- Yog tias koj hnov xeev siab thiab ntuav.
- Thaum cev xeeb tub.
Kauj Ruam 5. Thov kuaj xyuas tas li
Yog tias koj muaj lossis muaj feem yuav tsim muaj ntshav qab zib, saib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ntshav qab zib ntau ntau tas li. Cov ntshav qab zib ntau tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau microvascular (cov hlab ntsha me me) hauv lub cev lub cev. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem ua teeb meem thoob plaws lub cev. Txhawm rau saib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, ua:
- Kev kuaj qhov muag txhua xyoo
- Ntsuam xyuas ntshav qab zib neuropathy hauv taw
- Kev ntsuas ntshav siab tas li (tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug)
- Kev kuaj mob raum txhua xyoo
- Kev tu hniav txhua 6 lub hlis
- Txheeb xyuas cov roj (cholesterol) tas li
- Kev tshuaj xyuas tas li nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb lossis tus kws endocrinologist
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Kho Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim txoj kev ua neej kom raug
Prediabetes thiab Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau tau tsim los vim yog txoj kev ua neej peb xaiv, ntau dua li peb cov noob caj noob ces. Los ntawm kev hloov koj txoj kev ua neej, koj tuaj yeem txo koj cov piam thaj hauv ntshav lossis tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej no los ntawm kev tsim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Noj tsawg carbohydrates
Thaum lub cev zom cov carbohydrates, lawv hloov pauv mus ua piam thaj thiab lub cev xav tau insulin ntau dua los siv. Txiav cov nplej, nplej zom, khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib, dej qab zib, thiab lwm yam zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates yooj yim, vim koj lub cev zom cov zaub mov no sai heev thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua rau nce ntshav qab zib. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws noj zaub mov sau npe txog kev noj cov zaub mov muaj fiber ntau nrog cov glycemic qis kom ntxiv rau koj cov zaub mov noj. Cov carbohydrates yooj yim nrog qhov ntsuas qis glycemic suav nrog:
- Legumes thiab legumes.
- Zaub uas tsis muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis hmoov txhuv nplej siab (yuav luag txhua cov zaub tshwj tsis yog cov zaub xws li parsnips, plantains/txiv tsawb rau kev npaj, qos yaj ywm, taub dag, taub dag, taum pauv, pob kws).
- Yuav luag txhua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (tshwj tsis yog qee cov txiv ntoo xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, txiv tsawb, thiab txiv hmab).
- Cov nplej tag nrho, xws li hlau txiav cov nplej, bran/bran, nplej tag nrho nplej, barley/barley, bulgur, mov xim av, quinoa.
Kauj Ruam 3. Noj cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau thiab cov rog kom noj qab nyob zoo
Thaum ib zaug xav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kab mob hauv lub plawv, cov rog muaj txiaj ntsig pom hauv avocados, roj txiv maj phaub, nqaij nyuj nyom, thiab nqaij qaib ci tam sim no tau lees paub tias yog lub zog zoo. Cov zaub mov no tuaj yeem pab tswj ntshav qab zib thiab txo qis kev tshaib plab ntau.
Omega-3 fatty acids uas pom nyob hauv cov ntses dej txias xws li tuna thiab salmon tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Noj 1-2 plhom ntses ib lub lim tiam
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom lub cev hnyav
Insulin tsis kam ua rau hnyav nce. Thaum koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov hnyav kom zoo, koj tuaj yeem tswj cov ntshav qab zib tau yooj yim dua. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab kev tawm dag zog yuav pab ua kom koj qhov hnyav nyob hauv qhov txwv kev noj qab haus huv. Ua ib ce tsawg kawg 30 feeb txhua hnub los pab lub cev ua cov piam thaj hauv ntshav yam tsis muaj insulin. Kev tawm dag zog kuj tseem pab koj tswj lub cev hnyav thiab txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb
Yog koj tseem haus luam yeeb, txiav luam yeeb. Cov neeg haus luam yeeb yog 30-40% feem ntau yuav txhim kho Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib ntau dua li cov tsis haus luam yeeb thiab ntau dua koj haus luam yeeb, ntau dua koj txoj kev pheej hmoo tsim tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Kev haus luam yeeb kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov neeg uas twb muaj ntshav qab zib lawm.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsis txhob cia siab rau tshuaj nkaus xwb
Yog tias koj muaj Hom 1, Hom 2, lossis mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo kho mob kom ntxiv rau koj txoj kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tsuas yog siv tshuaj los tswj ntshav qab zib. Kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum siv los txhawb qhov kev hloov pauv loj tshwm sim los ntawm koj txoj kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej.
Kauj Ruam 7. Noj tshuaj hypoglycemic qhov ncauj yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 lossis ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub
Cov tshuaj no tau noj hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab ua haujlwm kom txo cov ntshav qab zib txhua hnub. Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj hypoglycemic hauv qhov ncauj suav nrog Metformin (biguanide), sulfonylureas, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiab tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke.
Kauj Ruam 8. Siv tshuaj insulin yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1
Kev txhaj tshuaj insulin yog kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, txawm hais tias txhaj tshuaj insulin kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib thiab ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub. Muaj plaub hom kev txhaj tshuaj insulin muaj. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab qhov twg yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws rau kev tswj koj cov ntshav qab zib. Koj tuaj yeem siv tsuas yog ib hom insulin lossis siv lawv ua ke ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv ntawm hnub ntawd. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav pom zoo kom siv lub twj tso kua dej insulin kom tswj tau cov tshuaj insulin 24 teev nyob rau ib hnub.
- Cov tshuaj insulin ua haujlwm sai (insulin ua tau sai) tau txhaj ua ntej noj mov thiab feem ntau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj insulin ntev.
- Cov tshuaj insulin luv luv (luv ua yeeb yam insulin) raug txhaj kwv yees li 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov thiab feem ntau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj insulin ntev.
- Intermediate-acting insulin (insulin-intermediate-acting) feem ntau yog txhaj ob zaug ib hnub thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txo cov piam thaj thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin luv luv lossis ua cov tshuaj insulin sai.
- Cov tshuaj insulin ntev tuaj yeem siv los txhawb kev xav tau cov tshuaj insulin thaum lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin luv luv thiab cov tshuaj insulin ua haujlwm nrawm raug tso tseg.
Lub tswv yim
- Paub txog koj cov teeb meem ntshav qab zib thiab nrhiav tswv yim los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib.
- Saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum koj kub taub hau lossis ua daus no. Ob qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv thiab cuam tshuam rau kev siv tshuaj thiab ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig.
