Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb Neutrons hauv Atom: 11 Kauj Ruam

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Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb Neutrons hauv Atom: 11 Kauj Ruam
Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb Neutrons hauv Atom: 11 Kauj Ruam

Video: Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb Neutrons hauv Atom: 11 Kauj Ruam

Video: Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb Neutrons hauv Atom: 11 Kauj Ruam
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Kev txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons hauv ib qho atom yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab tsis xav tau kev paub dhau los. Txhawm rau xam tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons hauv ib qho atom lossis isotope, yooj yim ua raws cov lus qhia no.

Kauj ruam

Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons nyob rau hauv Ordinary Atom

Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 1
Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav lub ntsiab lus hauv cov lus teev sijhawm

Hauv qhov piv txwv no, peb yuav saib osmium (Os), hauv kab thib rau.

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 2
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus

Tus lej no zoo li yog tus lej pom tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau yog saum cov cim cim. (Cov lus tsis txawm qhia lwm tus lej.) Tus lej atomic yog tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv ib qho atom ntawm lub hauv paus. Os yog tus lej 76, uas txhais tau tias ib lub atom ntawm osmium muaj 76 protons.

Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 3
Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav cov atomic loj ntawm cov khoom

Tus lej no feem ntau qis dua lub cim atomic. Nco ntsoov tias lub rooj hauv qhov piv txwv no yog ua raws tus lej atomic nkaus xwb thiab tsis teev cov hnyav atomic. Qhov no feem ntau tsis tas li. Osmium muaj qhov hnyav atomic ntawm 190.23.

Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 4
Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 4. Hloov qhov hnyav atomic mus rau tus lej ze tshaj kom pom cov atomic loj

Hauv qhov piv txwv no 190, 23 tau sib npaug txog 190, yog li qhov hnyav ntawm osmium yog 190.

Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 5
Nrhiav Tus naj npawb ntawm Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 5

Kauj Ruam 5. Rho tawm tus lej atomic los ntawm huab cua atomic

Txij li feem ntau ntawm cov atomic loj tau pom tias yog protons thiab neutrons, rho tawm tus lej protons (piv txwv li atomic number) los ntawm cov atomic loj yuav muab rau koj suav tus lej ntawm neutron hauv atom. Cov lej tom qab tus lej zauv feem ntau yog qhov me me ntawm cov electrons hauv ib qho atom. Hauv peb qhov piv txwv: 190 (hnyav hnyav) - 76 (tus naj npawb ntawm protons) = 114 (tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons).

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 6
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 6

Kauj Ruam 6. Nco qab cov mis

Txhawm rau nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons, siv cov qauv no yooj yim:

  • N = M - n

    • N = tus lej Neutron ua
    • M = Matomic loj
    • n = tus naj npawb ntawm atoms

Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Isotope

Nrhiav Tus Zauv Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 7
Nrhiav Tus Zauv Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 7

Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav lub ntsiab lus hauv cov lus teev sijhawm

Ua piv txwv, peb yuav saib isotope carbon-14. Txij li daim ntawv uas tsis yog isotope ntawm carbon-14 yog carbon (C), saib rau cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv lub sijhawm (hauv kab thib ob).

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 8
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 8

Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus

Tus lej no zoo li yog tus lej pom tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau yog saum cov cim cim. (Cov lus tsis txawm qhia lwm tus lej.) Tus lej atomic yog tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv ib qho atom ntawm lub hauv paus.

C yog tus lej 6, uas txhais tau tias ib lub atom carbon muaj 6 protons.

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 9
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Theem 9

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav cov atomic mass

Rau isotopes yog ib qho yooj yim heev, vim tias lawv muaj npe raws li qhov hnyav atomic ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, Carbon-14 muaj qhov hnyav atomic ntawm 14. Tom qab pom cov atomic loj ntawm isotope, cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li nrhiav cov naj npawb ntawm neutrons hauv ib qho atom zoo tib yam.

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 10
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 4. Rho tawm tus lej atomic los ntawm huab cua atomic

Txij li feem ntau ntawm cov atomic loj tau pom tias yog protons thiab neutrons, rho tawm tus lej protons (piv txwv li atomic number) los ntawm cov atomic loj yuav muab rau koj suav tus lej ntawm neutron hauv atom. Cov lej tom qab tus lej zauv feem ntau yog qhov me me ntawm cov electrons hauv ib qho atom. Hauv peb qhov piv txwv: 14 (atomic mass) - 6 (tus naj npawb ntawm protons) = 8 (tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons).

Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 11
Nrhiav Tus lej Neutrons hauv Atom Kauj Ruam 11

Kauj Ruam 5. Nco qab cov mis

Txhawm rau nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons, siv cov qauv no yooj yim:

  • N = M - n

    • N = tus lej Neutron ua
    • M = Matomic loj
    • n = tus naj npawb ntawm atoms

Lub tswv yim

  • Osmium, hlau uas tau ua kom sov ntawm chav sov, tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm Greek lo lus rau ntxhiab, "osme."
  • Protons thiab neutrons ua yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom hnyav, thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (ze rau xoom huab hwm coj). Txij li thaum proton muaj yuav luag qhov hnyav ib yam li neutron, thiab tus lej atomic yog tus naj npawb ntawm protons, peb tuaj yeem rho tus naj npawb ntawm protons los ntawm tag nrho pawg.
  • Yog tias koj tsis nco qab cov lej tus lej hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg, nco ntsoov tias lub rooj tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig ntawm tus lej atomic (piv txwv li tus naj npawb ntawm protons), pib nrog 1 (hydrogen) thiab nce txhua chav ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, thiab xaus rau ntawm 118 (tsis suav nrog). Qhov no vim tias muaj pes tsawg tus protons hauv ib qho atom txiav txim siab txog atom, ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tswj tau yooj yim ntawm cov khoom. (piv txwv li atom nrog 2 protons yuav tsum yog helium, atom nrog 79 protons yuav tsum yog kub.)

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