Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

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Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

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Video: Yuav Nrhiav Li Cas Tus Naj Npawb: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
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Tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus yog tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv cov keeb ntawm ib qho atom ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus lossis isotope tsis hloov, yog li koj tuaj yeem siv nws los nrhiav lwm cov ntaub ntawv, xws li tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons.

Kauj ruam

Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Tus lej Atomic

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 1
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj cov ntawv teev caij nyoog

Peb muab nws ntawm no, yog tias koj tseem tsis tau muaj. Txhua lub caij muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej, yog li tsis muaj qhov luv luv los kawm nws. Koj yuav tsum tau saib ntawm lub rooj sijhawm lossis cim nws.

Cov phau ntawv kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau suav nrog cov lus teev tseg ntawm lub hau

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 2
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav lub hauv paus uas koj tab tom kawm

Cov rooj feem ntau suav nrog cov npe lub npe, nrog rau nws lub cim (xws li Hg rau Mercury). Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrhiav nws, tshawb hauv internet rau "cim cim" thiab lawv lub npe.

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 3
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav tus lej atomic

Txawm hais tias nws yuav raug sau rau lwm qhov, tus lej atomic ntawm ib feem feem ntau nyob rau sab saud sab saud lossis sab xis ntawm kab sib chaws. Tus lej no ib txwm sau ua tus lej.

Yog tias tus lej koj pom yog tus lej lej, nws yuav yog tus lej loj

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 4
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus nyob ze

Lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa raws li tus lej atomic. Yog tias tus lej atomic ntawm koj lub hauv paus yog "33," tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus rau sab laug yuav tsum yog "34." Yog tias tus qauv zoo li no, tus lej koj tau txais yog qhov tseeb tus lej.

Koj yuav pom cov lej atomic tsis sib txuas ntawm 56 (Barium) thiab 88 (Radium). Qhov tseeb cov lej atomic ntawm lawv yog ntu thiab nyob hauv ob kab ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab ntawm lub rooj. Cov ntsiab lus tau teev tseg cais kom lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov lus luv luv

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 5
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 5

Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab txog tus lej atomic

Tus lej atomic ntawm lub hauv paus muaj lub ntsiab lus yooj yim: tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons muaj nyob hauv ib lub atom ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Nov yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub ntsiab. Tus naj npawb ntawm protons txiav txim siab tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv lub nucleus ntawm atom, yog li txiav txim siab tias muaj pes tsawg lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem haum rau nws. Txij li cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj lub luag haujlwm yuav luag txhua qhov tshuaj lom neeg, tus lej atomic txiav txim siab yuav luag txhua lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom.

Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua lub atom uas muaj yim protons yog cov pa oxygen. Ob lub pa oxygen tuaj yeem muaj tus lej sib txawv ntawm neutrons lossis, yog tias ib ntawm lawv yog ion, cov lej sib txawv ntawm cov electrons. Tab sis tag nrho cov pa oxygen yuav ib txwm muaj yim tus qauv

Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntsig txog

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 6
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 6

Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav qhov hnyav atomic

Qhov hnyav atomic feem ntau tau teev tseg hauv qab lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus hauv cov lus teev tseg, feem ntau muaj ob lossis peb tus lej tom qab tus lej cim. Tus nqi no yog qhov nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib qho atom ntawm lub hauv paus, hauv nws daim ntawv ntuj tsim. Qhov hnyav no tau qhia hauv "atomic mass units" (amu).

Qee tus kws tshaj lij hais txog nws li "txheeb ze atomic mass," tsis yog hnyav hnyav

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 8
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav tus lej loj

Tus lej loj yog tag nrho cov protons thiab neutrons hauv ib lub atom ntawm ib lub ntsiab. Tus nqi no yooj yim mus nrhiav: xyuam xim rau qhov hnyav atomic uas tau teev tseg hauv cov lus teev tseg, thiab ua tib zoo mloog cov lej sib ze.

  • Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau vim tias protons thiab neutrons nyob ze rau 1 amu, thaum cov hluav taws xob nyob ze rau 0 amu. Qhov hnyav hnyav tau sau kom raug siv cov lej zauv, tab sis peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau tag nrho cov lej uas txhais tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus protons thiab neutrons.
  • Nco ntsoov, yog tias koj siv qhov hnyav atomic, koj siv cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab los ntawm tib cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov qauv ntawm bromine muaj tus lej nruab nrab ntawm 80, txawm li cas los xij, ib leeg bromine atom yuav luag ib txwm muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 79 lossis 81.

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob

Ib qho atom muaj tib tus lej ntawm protons thiab electrons. Yog li, tus lej no yuav zoo ib yam. Electrons muaj tus nqi tsis zoo yog li lawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov protons uas tau them tus nqi zoo.

Ib qho atom yuav hloov mus rau hauv ion uas yog lub atom uas raug them yog tias nws poob lossis tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 9
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 4. Suav cov naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons

Tam sim no, koj paub tus lej atomic = tus naj npawb ntawm protons, thiab tus lej loj = tus naj npawb ntawm protons + tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons. Txhawm rau nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons hauv ib lub ntsiab lus, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum rho tus lej loj los ntawm tus lej atomic. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

  • Ib tus helium (Nws) atom muaj cov lej loj ntawm 4 thiab tus lej atomic ntawm 2. Yog li tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons yog 4 - 2 = 2 neutrons.
  • Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov nyiaj (Ag) muaj tus lej nruab nrab ntawm 108 (raws li cov lus teev tseg) thiab tus lej atomic ntawm 47. Yog li, qhov nruab nrab, txhua qhov nyiaj atom muaj 108 - 47 = 61 cov neutron.
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 10
Nrhiav Atomic Number Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab txog isotopes

Isotopes yog qee yam ntawm cov khoom, nrog qee tus lej ntawm neutrons. Yog tias cov lus nug txog tshuaj lom neeg hais tias "boron-10" lossis "10B, "yog lub hauv paus boron nrog cov lej loj ntawm 10. Siv qhov loj hauv qhov teeb meem, tsis yog tus lej loj uas feem ntau siv rau boron feem ntau.

Tus lej atomic ntawm isotope yeej tsis hloov. Txhua isotope ntawm ib lub caij ib txwm muaj tus lej ntawm protons

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