Kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus yog cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Cov kws qhia ntawv feem ntau muab cov ntawv tshuaj xyuas kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau yam haujlwm. Cov kws tshaj lij kuj tseem raug nug kom tshuaj xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm lwm tus kws tshaj lij. Nkag siab txog yam tseem ceeb thiab kev sib cav ntawm kab lus yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev txiav txim siab raug. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov laj thawj ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, txhawb kev sib cav, thiab cov lus qhia rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia rau kev sau kab lus tshuaj xyuas.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Npaj Sau Ntawv Tshuaj Xyuas
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus yog txhua yam
Kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus tau sau rau cov nyeem uas paub zoo txog lub ncauj lus ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab tsis yog cov neeg nyeem feem ntau. Thaum sau tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav piav qhia lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev sib cav, txoj haujlwm, thiab kev tshawb pom thiab tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas tsab xov xwm kev koom tes hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus nthuav tawm ntau dua ib qho kev xav. Koj yuav koom nrog tsab xov xwm los tsim cov lus teb rau cov tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv kawm. Koj yuav teb thiab siv tswv yim, kev xav thiab tshawb fawb los ntawm koj tus kheej kev tshawb fawb. Kev thuam cov ntawv yuav ua raws cov pov thawj thiab kev pom.
- Kab lus tshuaj xyuas tsuas yog teb rau tus kws tshawb fawb. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsis muab kev tshawb fawb tshiab.
- Kab lus tshuaj xyuas ua ke thiab ntsuas cov kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xav txog tus qauv ntawm tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas
Ua ntej pib nyeem kab ntawv kom raug tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias yuav tshuaj xyuas kab lus li cas. Qhov no yuav pab koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas nyeem cov ntawv kom koj tuaj yeem sau tshuaj xyuas tau zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas yuav raug teeb tsa ua ntu hauv qab no:
- Sau cov kab lus. Tsom ntsoov rau txhua yam, kev lees paub, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb.
- Sib tham txog qhov zoo ntawm kab lus no. Xav txog dab tsi ua rau tus kws sau ntawv sau tau zoo, yam zoo nws tau ua, thiab kev soj ntsuam tob.
- Txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws, qhov khoob, thiab qhov tsis sib xws hauv kab lus. Tshawb nrhiav seb puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus lossis tshawb fawb hauv nws los txhawb tus sau qhov kev lees paub. Saib rau cov lus nug tsis teb hauv kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm kab lus ua ntej
Pib los ntawm kev kawm lub npe, paub daws teeb, qhia, qhib kab lus ntawm txhua kab lus, thiab xaus. Tom qab ntawv nyeem thawj ob peb nqe lus, tom qab ntawv xaus. Cov kauj ruam no pab koj kom pib txheeb xyuas tus sau lub ntsiab lus sib cav thiab cov yam ntxwv. Tom qab ntawd nyeem tag nrho tsab xov xwm. Yog tias nws yog thawj zaug koj nyeem nws, nyeem kab ntawv - uas yog, saib rau qhov kev sib cav thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kab lus.
- Sau ntawv ntawm ib lo lus lossis teeb meem uas koj tsis nkag siab thiab cov lus nug koj muaj.
- Saib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis paub lossis cov ntsiab lus kom koj tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua tib zoo nyeem kab ntawv
Nyeem kab lus ob lossis peb zaug. Siv tus cim lossis tus cwj mem los sau lossis cim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhia qhov tseem ceeb thiab txhawb qhov tseeb. Tsis txhob: khij txhua kab lus, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Peb pom zoo: ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog kev sau lossis lwm yam kev xa mus.
- Txuas qhov koj nyeem hauv kab lus nrog kev paub txog lub ncauj lus. Xav txog tej yam uas koj tau tham hauv chav kawm lossis lwm yam kab lus uas koj tau nyeem. Kab lus puas tsim nyog lossis tsis nrog koj qhov kev paub dhau los? Puas yog tsab xov xwm raws li lwm qhov kev paub los ntawm thaj chaw? Tshawb nrhiav seb tsab xov xwm raug tshuaj xyuas zoo li cas thiab txawv ntawm lwm cov ntawv koj tau nyeem ntawm lub ncauj lus.
- Ua tib zoo mloog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus. Xyuas kom koj nkag siab tiag. Tib txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas kab lus zoo yog nkag siab cov kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau tsab xov xwm
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no raws li kab lus sau dawb lossis raws li tus qauv. Pib los ntawm kev sau tsab xov xwm. Tsom ntsoov rau cov lus sib cav, tshawb fawb, thiab kev lees paub hauv kab lus. Nco ntsoov suav nrog txhua yam tseem ceeb. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom raug. Tsis txhob: siv sijhawm kho lossis sau kab lus. Cov qauv no tsuas yog pab koj.
Peb pom zoo: sau kom meej thiab tsim qauv txhawm rau sim koj qhov kev nkag siab.
- Nrog lwm txoj hauv kev, piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus, txhawb kev tshawb fawb, lossis kev sib cav. Cov txheej txheem no nruj me ntsis rov hais dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab tsis suav nrog koj cov kev xav.
- Tom qab sau tsab xov xwm, nrhiav seb qhov twg ntawm kab lus koj xav npog hauv koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas. Koj tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov kev xav theoretical, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm, kev nthuav qhia lossis kev txhais cov pov thawj, lossis cov qauv ntawm tsab xov xwm. Koj ib txwm yuav npog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus, tab sis qee zaum koj tseem tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qee yam. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj xav tsom koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus.
- Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus piav qhia kom tshem tawm yam tsis tsim nyog. Tshem tawm cov lus sib cav lossis cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau ib txoj kev xav
Txheeb xyuas txhua qhov ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus kom pom tias tus kws sau tau ua kab lus raug thiab meej. Sau txhua yam txog kev sau tau zoo, kev koom tes tshiab rau hauv thaj chaw, nrog rau thaj chaw ntawm tsab xov xwm uas xav tau kev txhim kho. Sau cov npe ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog. Lub zog ntawm tsab xov xwm, piv txwv li, yog qhov meej meej ntawm qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntawv, piv txwv li, yog lawv tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab lossis cov kev daws teeb meem. Siv cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg ua tim khawv. Piv txwv li, tsab xov xwm tej zaum yuav tau qhia tsis raug qhov tseeb tshawb fawb qhov tseeb. Sau cov kev soj ntsuam no hauv kab lus thiab nrhiav qhov tseeb los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb kom paub meej tias koj qhov kev soj ntsuam. Xav txog cov lus nug hauv qab no los pab koj thuam thiab nkag mus rau hauv kab lus:
- Cov lus piav qhia hauv kab lus yog dab tsi?
- Cov txheej txheem theoretical lossis kev xav yog dab tsi?
- Puas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau teev tseg?
- Puas muaj pov thawj txaus?
- Kab lus cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw nyeem thiab qhov chaw li cas?
- Puas yog tsab xov xwm nce kev paub ntawm kab lus lub ncauj lus?
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Tus neeg sau ntawv sau meej npaum li cas? Tsis txhob: suav nrog koj cov kev xav sab nrauv lossis kev tawm tsam tus kheej.
Zoo dua: xyuam xim rau koj tus kheej kev xaiv ntsej muag yog li koj tuaj yeem txwv lawv.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Sau Ntawv Tshuaj Xyuas Kab Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog lub npe
Lub npe yuav tsum cuam tshuam txog kev tsom xam ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Nrhiav tawm ntawm cov npe tshaj tawm, cov npe piav qhia, lossis cov ncauj lus nug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Cite tsab xov xwm
Hauv qab lub npe, sau kom tiav cov lus hais ntawm tsab xov xwm hauv qhov tsim nyog sau zoo. Tsiv mus rau kab tom ntej kom pib tshuaj xyuas. Tsis txhob nco kab ntawm kab lus thiab thawj kab lus.
Piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas Lub Koom Haum Niaj Hnub Hais Lus (MLA) sau phau ntawv qhia, kev hais tawm tuaj yeem yog qee yam zoo li no: Duvall, John N. Arizona Peb Hlis Peb Hlis 50.3 (1994): 127-53. Luam
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas kab lus
Pib tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev xa mus rau lub npe thiab tus sau ntawm tsab xov xwm, npe hauv phau ntawv xov xwm, thiab xyoo tshaj tawm hauv thawj kab lus.
Piv txwv li: Kab lus "Kev siv cov hnab looj tes yuav ua rau kis mob AIDS ntau ntxiv," tau sau los ntawm Anthony Zimmerman, tus pov thawj Catholic
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov lus qhia
Kev taw qhia rau kab lus tshuaj xyuas yuav muaj kab lus qhia txog tus kheej. Cov lus taw qhia tseem hais txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm, kev sib cav, thiab tus kws sau ntawv lees paub. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau hais qhia tus kws sau ntawv qhov kev xav. Qee zaum, qhov pom muaj ntau yam. Cov kev xav no yuav tsis tau hais meej hauv kab lus, yog li koj yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav rau koj tus kheej. Tsis txhob: ua cov lus hauv thawj tus neeg (Kuv) kab lus.
Nyiam dua: muab qhov pom tag nrho ntawm kab lus hauv tus neeg thib peb kab lus raws txoj cai thiab kev kawm.
- Kev qhia yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 10-25 feem pua ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
- Xaus qhov taw qhia nrog saib. Qhov pom yuav tsum hais txog cov teeb meem saum toj no. Piv txwv li: Txawm hais tias tus kws sau ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, tsab xov xwm zoo li ib leeg thiab muaj cov txhais lus tsis raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv hnab looj tes los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyeem cov kab lus
Qhia lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev sib cav, thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm kab lus hauv koj tus kheej cov lus, hais txog cov ntsiab lus raws li kev pab. Qhia seb tsab xov xwm txhawb kev lees paub li cas. Nco ntsoov suav nrog qhov xaus ntawm kab lus. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ntau kab lus, txawm hais tias qhov ntev yuav nyob ntawm qhov xav tau los ntawm koj tus kws qhia lossis tus tshaj tawm. Tsis txhob: muab piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv, lossis cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los uas cov kws tshaj lij hauv thaj chaw paub.
Nws raug nquahu kom: piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua ntu ntawm kab lus kom txaus.
- Tsis txhob siv ntau cov lus ncaj ncaj los ntawm tus sau.
- Txheeb cov ntsiab lus uas koj tau sau. Nyeem cov ntsiab lus ntau zaus kom paub tseeb tias nws yog qhov piav qhia raug ntawm tus sau kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau ntawv thuam
Siv lub tswv yim kab lus los sau ob peb kab lus piav qhia tias tus kws sau tau npog lub ncauj lus zoo li cas. Qhia koj qhov kev xav, txawm hais tias tsab xov xwm tau hais meej, meej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig piav qhia ntawm lub ncauj lus. Nov yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas. Ntsuam xyuas tsab xov xwm txoj kev koom tes rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb rau tom teb. Txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev sib cav hauv kab lus. Nrhiav seb tus kws sau ntawv puas pab tau qhov kev sib cav. Txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws. Nrhiav seb koj puas pom zoo nrog tus sau, tom qab ntawd muab kev txhawb nqa txaus vim li cas koj thiaj pom zoo lossis tsis pom zoo. Xaus los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim dab tsi ntawm cov neeg nyeem yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kab lus no. Tsis txhob: sau qhov tshuaj xyuas nrog ntau qhov kev thuam tsis cuam tshuam.
Hloov chaw: muab kev thuam thiab qhuas hauv cov lus sib cav los tsim koj li kev xav.
- Txhawb koj qhov kev thuam nrog cov pov thawj los ntawm qhov no lossis lwm yam kab lus.
- Tshooj lus xaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj qhov kev thuam. Koj yuav tsum ua tus sau cov lus sib cav meej hauv ntu ntu rau koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kom nkag siab.
- Nco ntsoov, qhov no tsis yog qhov chaw hais tias koj nyiam lossis tsis nyiam tsab xov xwm. Koj tab tom ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kab lus.
- Siv cov kab lus ntsiab lus thiab txhawb kev sib cav rau txhua qhov kev xav. Piv txwv li, koj yuav hais txog lub zog hauv thawj kab lus ntawm ntu kev xav, ua raws los ntawm ntau kab lus piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntawd.
Kauj Ruam 7. Xaus qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus
Hauv kab lus, piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus, nrog rau kev xav txog nws qhov tseem ceeb, raug, thiab meej. Yog tias muaj feem cuam tshuam, tseem muab cov lus tawm tswv yim rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv lossis kev sib tham hauv thaj chaw.
- Qhov kev xaus no yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 10 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv.
- Piv txwv li: Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb no tau tshuaj xyuas kab lus "Siv hnab looj tes yuav ua rau kis mob AIDS ntau ntxiv" los ntawm Anthony Zimmerman. Cov lus sib cav hauv kab lus qhia pom tias muaj kev tsis sib xws, kev ntxub ntxaug, kev sau ntawv sib cav yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Cov yam no yuav ua rau tus sau phau ntawv tsis txaus siab thiab txo nws txoj kev ntseeg siab.
Kauj Ruam 8. Ua kom raug
Rov nyeem dua. Saib cov lus tsis raug, kev ua yuam kev, thiab kev ua lej tsis raug. Nco ntsoov tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseem ceeb.
