Impedance yog ib qho ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau kev hloov pauv tam sim no. Chav tsev yog ohms. Txhawm rau suav qhov impedance, koj yuav tsum paub tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm txhua tus inductors thiab capacitors uas yuav muab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis kam rau tam sim no nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no. Koj tuaj yeem suav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg siv cov lej ua lej yooj yim.
Cov Ntsiab Lus
- Impedance Z = R lossis XL lub XC (yog tias tsuas yog ib tus paub)
- Impedance hauv koob Z = (R2 + X li2) (yog R thiab ib ntawm X tau paub)
- Impedance hauv koob Z = (R2 + (XL -XC|)2) (yog R, XL, thiab XC paub tag nrho)
- Impedance nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm tes hauj lwm = R + jX (j yog tus lej xav tau (-1))
- Kuj R = I / V
- Inductive reactance XL = 2πƒL = L.
- Capacitive reactance XC = 1 / 2l mav = 1 / L
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Xam Xeem Kuj Kuj Ua Tau thiab Ua Tau Zoo
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 1 Kauj Ruam 1. Txhais tau hais tias impedance
Impedance tau qhia los ntawm lub cim Z thiab muaj chav nyob ntawm Ohms (Ω). Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas lossis hluav taws xob. Cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas yuav qhia koj ntau npaum li cas lub Circuit Court thaiv qhov ntws ntawm cov hluav taws xob (tam sim no). Muaj ob qhov cuam tshuam sib txawv uas ua rau qeeb tus nqi tam sim no, ob qho uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam:
- Kev tiv thaiv (R) lossis kev tiv thaiv yog qhov qeeb ntawm qhov tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txiaj ntsig no zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg tawm tsam, txawm hais tias txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg qee qhov kev tawm tsam.
- Reactance (X) yog qhov qeeb ntawm qhov tam sim no vim hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus teb uas tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv tam sim no lossis qhov hluav taws xob. Cov txiaj ntsig no tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov capacitors thiab inductors.
Xam Impedance Kauj Ruam 2 Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas qhov tsis kam
Kev tiv thaiv yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv kev tshawb fawb hluav taws xob. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov no hauv Ohm txoj cai: V = I * R. Qhov kev ua zauv no tso cai rau koj xam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no tsuav koj paub tsawg kawg ob ntawm peb qhov kev hloov pauv. Piv txwv, los laij tawm tsam, sau cov mis li R = I / V. Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim suav qhov tsis kam nrog lub multimeter.
- V yog qhov hluav taws xob, chav tsev yog Volts (V). Qhov sib txawv no tseem raug xa mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv.
- Kuv yog tam sim no, chav tsev yog Ampere (A).
- R yog kev tiv thaiv, chav tsev yog Ohm (Ω).
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 3 Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas seb hom tshuaj reactance twg los xam
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv kev hloov pauv tam sim no (AC). Zoo li tsis kam, reactance muaj chav ntawm Ohms (Ω). Muaj ob hom reactance tam sim no hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv:
- Inductive reactance XL tsim los ntawm tus inductor, tseem hu ua coil lossis reactor. Cov khoom no tsim cov khoom sib nqus uas tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv kev hloov pauv tam sim no. Qhov kev hloov pauv sai sai tshwm sim, qhov txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm qhov inductive reactance.
- Capacitive reactance XC tsim los ntawm lub capacitor uas khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob. Raws li cov dej ntws tam sim no hauv AC Circuit hloov pauv, cov capacitor yuav tsub thiab tso tawm ntau zaus. Ntev dua tus capacitor yuav tsum tau them, qhov ntau lub capacitor yuav tiv thaiv tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv sai tshwm sim, qis dua qhov txiaj ntsig ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub.
Xam Impedance Kauj Ruam 4 Kauj Ruam 4. Xam qhov inductive reactance
Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, inductive reactance yuav nce nrog qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev coj ua tam sim no, lossis zaus ntawm Circuit Court. Qhov zaus no tau qhia los ntawm lub cim, thiab muaj chav nyob ntawm Hertz (Hz). Cov mis ua kom tiav rau xam cov inductive reactance yog XL = 2 hli, qhov twg L yog qhov inductance nrog units ntawm Henry (H).
- L inductance L nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus inductor siv, xws li cov lej coils. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov inductance ncaj qha.
- Yog tias koj paub txog lub voj voog tsev, xav txog qhov hloov pauv tam sim no sawv cev los ntawm lub voj voog, thiab ib qho kev sib hloov tiav ntawm 2π radians sawv cev rau ib lub voj voog. Thaum koj sib npaug qhov no uas yog hauv Hertz (chav nyob ib pliag), koj tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv radians ib pliag. Qhov no yog qhov nrawm ntawm qhov Circuit Court thiab tuaj yeem sau hauv qhov qis dua li omega. Koj tuaj yeem sau cov qauv rau qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv XL= ωL
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 5 Kauj Ruam 5. Xam qhov peev xwm ua tau zoo
Cov mis no zoo ib yam li cov mis rau kev nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inductive, tab sis lub peev xwm ua kom rov ua dua yog sib piv rau qhov zaus. Capacitive reactance XC = 1 / 2πƒC ua. C yog tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub capacitor, hauv Farads (F).
- Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas lub peev xwm siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntau thiab qee qhov kev suav yooj yim.
- Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem sau rau hauv 1 / L.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Xam Tag Nrho Cov Impedance
Xam Impedance Kauj Ruam 6 Kauj Ruam 1. Ntxiv cov kev tawm tsam hauv tib lub Circuit Court
Qhov cuam tshuam tag nrho yog qhov yooj yim los suav thaum lub Circuit Court muaj ob peb resistors yam tsis muaj inductors lossis capacitors. Ua ntej, ntsuas tus nqi tiv thaiv ntawm txhua tus tiv thaiv (lossis ib qho tivthaiv uas muaj kev tiv thaiv), lossis saib ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob rau cov ntu uas sau nrog tiv thaiv ohms (Ω). Ntxiv raws li hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv:
- Cov neeg tiv thaiv kev sib txuas hauv cov kab hluav taws xob (qhov xaus uas tau txuas nrog hauv ib txoj kab hlau nkaus xwb) tuaj yeem suav ua ke. Kev tiv thaiv tag nrho dhau los R = R1 + R2 + R3…
- Cov resistors txuas nrog ua ke (txhua tus tiv thaiv muaj cov hlau sib txawv tab sis txuas nrog hauv tib lub Circuit Court) tau ntxiv rau hauv thim rov qab. Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm kev tawm tsam dhau los R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 …
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 7 Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig reactance hauv tib lub Circuit Court
Thaum muaj tsuas yog cov inductors hauv Circuit Court, lossis tsuas yog cov capacitors, tag nrho cov impedance yog sib npaug rau tag nrho cov reactance. Xam raws li hauv qab no:
- Inductor hauv series: Xtag nrho = X tauL1 + X liL2 + …
- Capacitors hauv series: C.tag nrho = X tauC1 + X liC2 + …
- Inductor nyob rau hauv parallel Circuit: Xtag nrho = 1 / (1 / XAL1 + 1/X liL2 …)
- Capacitor nyob rau hauv Circuit Court: Ctag nrho = 1 / (1 / XAC1 + 1/X liC2 …)
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 8 Kauj Ruam 3. Rho tawm qhov inductive reactance los ntawm lub peev xwm reactance kom tau txais tag nrho cov reactance
Txij li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ib qho reactance nce ntxiv raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lwm qhov reactance txo qis, ob qhov xwm txheej zoo li yuav txo qis ib leeg cov txiaj ntsig. Txhawm rau nrhiav tus nqi tag nrho, rho tawm tus nqi reactance loj los ntawm tus nqi me me reactance.
Koj yuav tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam los ntawm cov lej Xtag nrho = | XABC -XL|
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 9 Kauj Ruam 4. Xam qhov impedance ntawm qhov tsis kam thiab reactance hauv Circuit Court series
Koj tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv lawv ua ke vim tias ob qhov txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Ntawd yog, lawv qhov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv lub sijhawm raws li ib feem ntawm AC voj voog, tab sis lawv nce siab ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Hmoov zoo, thaum tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (tsuas muaj ib lub xaim), peb tuaj yeem siv cov qauv yooj yim Z = (R2 + X li2).
Cov lej tom qab cov qauv no koom nrog "phasors," txawm hais tias lawv kuj zoo li cuam tshuam nrog cov duab geometry. Peb tuaj yeem sawv cev rau ob lub Cheeb Tsam R thiab X raws li ob sab ntawm daim duab peb sab xis, nrog qhov tsis txaus siab Z ua ib sab ib sab
Xeem Impedance Kauj Ruam 10 Kauj Ruam 5. Xam qhov impedance ntawm qhov tsis kam thiab reactance hauv kev sib tw Circuit Court
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev suav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis xav tau kev nkag siab ntawm cov lej nyuaj. Qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev los laij tag nrho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tw Circuit Court uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Z = R + jX, nrog j raws li qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav: (-1). Siv j tsis txhob siv kuv kom zam kev tsis meej pem nrog kuv sawv cev tam sim no.
- Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua ke ob tus lej no. Piv txwv li, tus impedance tuaj yeem sau ua 60Ω + j120Ω.
- Yog tias koj muaj ob txoj hauv kev zoo li no hauv ib kab, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov lej tiag thiab cov kev xav sib txawv sib cais. Piv txwv li, yog Z1 = 60Ω + j120Ω thiab txuas nrog hauv kab nrog tus tiv thaiv muaj Z2 = 20Ω, ces Ztag nrho = 80Ω + j120Ω.
