Jaundice, lossis hyperbilirubinemia, yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam mos liab hauv thawj ob rau plaub hnub ntawm lub neej. Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qib siab bilirubin, cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov qe ntshav, uas pom hauv cov ntshav thiab cov kua tsib. Lub siab ua tiav tuaj yeem lim thiab tshem tawm bilirubin, tab sis tus menyuam mos lub siab tsis tau tsim kho tuaj yeem ua rau daj ntseg tshwm sim. Thaum tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj jaundice, paub txog qhov kev pheej hmoo tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab seb koj yuav tsum ua dab tsi txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab npaj rau kev yug menyuam daj ntseg.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Ntsuas thiab Txo Qhov Risk Factors
Kauj Ruam 1. Kuaj ntshav thaum cev xeeb tub
Qee cov ntshav tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau ntau cov qe ntshav tau tawg ua rau muaj bilirubin ntau dua.
- Cov niam uas muaj ntshav Rh tsis zoo lossis hom ntshav O+ yuav tsum txiav txim siab kuaj ntshav ntxiv rau tus menyuam vim tias Rh tsis sib xws thiab ABO tsis sib xws yog ib qho uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws.
- Kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm caj ces, xws li cov piam thaj-6-phosphate dehydrogenase tsis muaj peev xwm, kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm jaundice vim tias tus mob no tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam ntshav hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj bilirubin ntau hauv cov ntshav.
- Ntxiv nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav thaum cev xeeb tub, cov kws kho mob niaj hnub ntsuas cov menyuam yug tshiab kom paub tseeb tias tus menyuam tsis muaj tsos mob daj ntseg ua ntej tawm hauv tsev kho mob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug ntxov ntxov
Cov menyuam mos yug ua ntej 38 lub lis piam muaj kev pheej hmoo siab daj ntseg. Lub siab mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus yug ntxov tsis tau tsim dua li cov menyuam mos puv sijhawm, ua rau nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam mos lub siab kom tshem tau bilirubin.
- Qee qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev yug menyuam ntxov, xws li hnub nyoog lossis ntau hnub yug, tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
- Tsis txhob plam koj qhov kev kuaj mob thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev kuaj menyuam thaum ntxov thiab zoo ib yam yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj thiab koj tus menyuam muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntau li sai tau thaum cev xeeb tub. Txoj kev ntawd, txhua yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau yug ntxov ntxov tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas tam sim.
- Zam cov tshuaj paug. Luam yeeb, cawv, yeeb tshuaj, thiab qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj feem yuav yug menyuam ntxov. Yog koj xav tau kev pab txiav tawm, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Cov pa phem ib puag ncig kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo.
- Ua twj ywm kom ntau li ntau tau. Kev nyuaj siab yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau yug ntxov ntxov. Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv zej zog, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab kev ua phem hauv tsev, txawm yog lub cev lossis lub siab xav, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau yug ntxov ntxov.
- Saib xyuas lossis txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee kis. Kev kis mob xws li mob khaub thuas, mob syphilis, CMV, thiab toxoplasma tuaj yeem ua rau yug ntxov ntxov ntxiv nrog rau jaundice.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab tias cov menyuam mos uas pub niam mis kuj tseem ua rau daj ntseg
Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob no feem ntau yog kho tau yooj yim thiab tsuas yog siv sijhawm luv xwb.
- Lawm, niam mis tsis tau tsim kom txog rau ob peb hnub tom qab yug tus menyuam. Hauv thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej, cov menyuam mos noj mis niam tau haus cov kua mis ua ntej hu ua colostrum. Tus nqi ntawm colostrum yog qhov tsawg heev, tab sis cov as -ham txaus.
- Cov menyuam mos tau pub mis niam tsis haus ntau npaum li cov mis pub mis hauv thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej, yog li ntawd lawv lub plab zom mov tsis khoob sai, ua rau muaj bilirubin tsim hauv lub cev. Feem ntau qhov no tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tseem pom zoo kom pub niam mis.
- Vim tias cov menyuam mos mis niam feem ntau ntsib mob daj ntseg, nws tsis yooj yim rau cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom pub mis mis rau thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus menyuam muaj kev pheej hmoo siab daj daj, kom txog thaum niam mis tuaj yeem tsim tau.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kho Jaundice hauv Newborns
Kauj Ruam 1. Tam sim pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam
Kev pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam sai li sai tau thaum nws yug los tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim daj ntseg thiab tseem pib kho nws yog tias tus menyuam twb kis mob lawm.
- Cov niam uas pib pub niam mis nyob rau thawj ob peb teev tom qab yug menyuam tas yuav muaj kev vam meej ntau dua li cov niam uas ncua nws. Kev hnyav hnyav thaum ntxov tuaj yeem pab tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob, ua rau lub siab ua haujlwm yooj yim dua.
- Ib qho ntxiv, colostrum uas niam tsim tawm hauv thawj hnub tom qab yug menyuam txhawb nqa tus menyuam txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov kom tso quav, yog li pab tshem tawm bilirubin ntau dhau los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus me nyuam pib pib tso zis sai dua, qhov jaundice yuav kho sai dua.
- Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam, ua haujlwm nrog tus kws pab tswv yim pub mis txhawm rau txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem pub niam mis. Cov kws pab tswv yim no tuaj yeem pab niam tshiab kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau zoo kom lawv cov menyuam yug tshiab tuaj yeem tau txais mis txaus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pub me nyuam ntau zaus
Kev pub mis tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua rau qhov hnyav thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam, suav nrog kev loj hlob ntawm daim siab. Qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si pub niam mis thiab pub mis rau menyuam mos. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tus menyuam mos yuav tsum tau noj yam tsawg 8 txog 12 zaug hauv ib hnub rau thawj ob peb hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws muaj kev pheej hmoo rau jaundice.
Yog tias koj tab tom pub niam mis, ua kom muaj kev pub mis ntau ntxiv nyob rau thawj hnub tom qab yug me nyuam (tsawg kawg 8 txog 12 zaug hauv ib hnub) yuav txhawb kom muaj cov mis sai dua thiab ua kom muaj mis txaus
Kauj Ruam 3. Kom koj tus menyuam qhuav
Ultraviolet lub teeb pom kev nrog bilirubin, hloov nws mus rau hauv daim ntawv uas tsis tas yuav hla lub siab kom tso tawm, yog li tshem tawm bilirubin ntau dhau los ntawm lub cev thiab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm jaundice.
- Qhuav koj tus menyuam liab qab lossis hauv daim pawj tsis pub ntev tshaj tsib feeb ntawm ib zaug, ib zaug lossis ob zaug hauv ib hnub. Tsis txhob hla lub sijhawm no vim tias raug lub hnub ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem ntxiv. Xyuas kom tus menyuam tsis txias thaum ziab los ntawm kev nce qhov kub hauv chav thiab/lossis tso menyuam rau ntawm koj lub hauv siab thaum nws qhuav.
- Lossis, koj tuaj yeem tso koj tus menyuam hauv lub txaj ze ntawm lub qhov rais tshav ntuj nrog daim ntaub thaiv. Kab hlau rhuav thiab lub qhov rais tuaj yeem lim tawm ntau lub teeb ci ultraviolet uas tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam mos sov. Yog li, tus menyuam tuaj yeem tau txais tshav ntuj yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub nyhiab.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Nkag Siab Jaundice
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm jaundice
Jaundice feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hnub thib ob lossis thib peb ntawm tus menyuam lub neej thiab feem ntau ua raws tus qauv.
- Hauv lub cev noj qab haus huv, bilirubin yog ib txwm ua los ntawm cov khoom uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntshav thaum cov qe ntshav liab tau tawg. Bilirubin ntws mus rau daim siab, qhov uas nws tawm mus rau hauv cov kua tsib thiab thaum kawg mus rau hauv cov quav. Hauv cov menyuam mos uas muaj jaundice, lub siab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo yog li bilirubin tsim hauv lub siab thiab ntshav es tsis txhob xa mus rau hauv cov kua tsib.
- Hauv tsev kho mob, kev kuaj mob tas li tau ua tiav ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab kom paub seb tus menyuam puas muaj jaundice. Nws yog ib qho tshwm sim heev, kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov menyuam mos yug los thaum lub sijhawm yuav tsim jaundice, thiab tus nqi tseem siab dua hauv cov menyuam mos ntxov. Hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no, cov menyuam yug tshiab yuav raug kuaj rau qib bilirubin los ntawm kev ntsuas tus menyuam lub pob taws thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav me me.
- Cov menyuam mos uas muaj bilirubin qib qis dua 5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) raug suav tias yog ib txwm, thaum qib siab dua 5 mg/dL raug suav tias yog qib siab dua.
- Feem ntau cov menyuam mos uas muaj jaundice qis mus rau nruab nrab tsis xav tau kev kho mob, thiab jaundice daws tom qab ib asthiv lossis ob hlis.
- Qee zaum, yog tias qib bilirubin siab heev, nce nrawm dua, lossis tsis poob qis tom qab ob lub lis piam, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem hais qhia kho lub teeb (tsis muaj kev kho mob ultraviolet uas feem ntau cov menyuam nyiam).
- Hauv qee kis, tus menyuam yuav xav tau kev tso ntshav kom txo qis jaundice.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub cov tsos mob ntawm jaundice
Feem ntau cov menyuam yug hauv tsev kho mob yuav raug kuaj ib lossis ntau zaug rau lawv qib bilirubin, tab sis qee cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau daj ntseg:
- Cov tawv nqaij thiab dawb ntawm lub qhov muag daj. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tshaj plaws rau jaundice.
- Kev tsaug zog thiab nyuaj rau kev pub niam mis. Qee zaum, qib bilirubin ua rau tus menyuam tsaug zog, ua rau nws nyuaj rau muab nws cov kua mis lossis mis rau nws. Sim hle koj tus menyuam kom nws sawv los pub mis.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub thaum jaundice yog cim qhia kev ceeb toom
Jaundice feem ntau tshwm sim thiab feem ntau ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej. Tab sis qee zaus, jaundice tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem thiab xav tau kev kho mob.
- Txawm hais tias jaundice feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam mos, tsis kho bilirubin qib siab (kho mob hu ua "hyperbilirubinemia hnyav") hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem ua rau bilirubin ntws mus rau hauv lub hlwb, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
- Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua rau lub paj hlwb puas tsuaj tas mus li (ua rau lub cev tsis taus, kawm nyuaj, lossis teeb meem kev loj hlob), txhim kho cov hniav txha hniav laus tsis zoo, lossis hnov tsis hnov lus.
- Cov tsos mob kom saib xyuas suav nrog qaug zog, xim daj daj, thiab taw daj (tshwj xeeb yog cov taw ntawm taw). Ib qho ntxiv, cov leeg nqaij tsis zoo, txawv txav thiab muaj suab nrov, ua npaws lossis tsis meej pem kuj tseem ua tau.
- Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo muab mis nyuj ntxiv rau niam mis yog tias tus menyuam qib bilirubin nce ntxiv tom qab thawj ob peb hnub ntawm lub neej. Feem ntau, tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov mis, tshwj tsis yog tias tus menyuam bilirubin nyob ntawm qib 20 mg/dL lossis siab dua lossis yog tias tus menyuam muaj lwm yam kev pheej hmoo rau jaundice xws li yug ntxov ntxov lossis ntshav tsis xwm yeem lossis poob ntau dhau qhov hnyav. Kev pub mis mis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev pub niam mis. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ntxiv nrog cov mis ua ntej koj txiav txim siab.
Lub tswv yim
- Txij li thaum menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj jaundice, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws daj rau ntawm koj tus menyuam. Cov khaub ncaws daj yuav ua rau cov xim daj ntawm ob lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij ntawm cov menyuam mos uas muaj jaundice ntau dua.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam cov tawv nqaij tsaus, xyuas nws cov pos hniav thiab qhov muag ntawm nws lub qhov muag kom yellowness.
Ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob muab dej rau tus menyuam mos. Koj yuav xav tias qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo kom ua rau koj tus menyuam tso quav sai dua, tab sis qhov dej tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus rau tus menyuam mos vim tias nws ua rau lub cev tsis txaus ntawm cov as -ham hauv nws cov ntshav.
- Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim yog tias koj tus menyuam zoo li tsis meej pem, tso cov xim daj daj, lossis yog tias nws txhais taw taw daj, lossis yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem noj zaub mov lossis zoo li lub cev qhuav dej.
