Cov ntawv sau piav qhia piav qhia yog cov npe ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm phau ntawv, kab lus, lossis ntawv. Txhua qhov kev tsocai uas koj nco tau ua raws los ntawm kab lus piav qhia luv luv hu ua lus piav qhia. Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm tuaj yeem qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv txog qhov raug thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov peev txheej tau hais tseg (qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv sau piav qhia thiab phau ntawv teev keeb kwm yog tias muaj cov ntsiab lus luv luv lossis kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais qhia, tsis yog cov npe ntawm cov peev txheej.) Sau cov ntawv sau piav qhia yuav pab koj hauv txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Cov Lus Cim
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas thiab sau cov lus hais los ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv sau tseg, lossis lwm qhov chaw uas xav tau los npog koj cov ncauj lus
Cov ntawv teev npe no yuav dhau los ua cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv uas koj siv. Nov yog cov kws tshaj lij cov tswv yim uas tau siv los txhawb koj cov lus thiab cov tswv yim. Cov nqe lus feem ntau suav nrog:
- Phau ntawv tshawb fawb
- Cov ntawv tshawb fawb (piv txwv li, hauv cov ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv xov xwm)
- Kev paub daws teeb meem
- Lub Vev Xaib
- Duab los yees duab
Kauj Ruam 2. Cite cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv sau tseg, lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov qauv tsim nyog (lossis tau npaj ua ntej)
Yog tias koj tab tom xa ib tsab xov xwm rau chav kawm, nug koj tus xibfwb seb yuav siv hom twg. Yog tias koj tsis paub siv hom twg, tom qab ntawd siv Modern Language Association (MLA) style rau tib neeg lossis American Psychological Association (APA) style rau kev sib raug zoo. Ob txoj hauv kev yog siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau lwm qhov. Lwm yam uas nyiam siv yog:
- Chicago lossis Turabian style rau kev tshaj tawm
- Associated Press (AP) style rau kev tshaj tawm
- Council of Scientific Editors (CSE) rau kev tshawb fawb
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv citation raug teeb tsa raws li cov qauv siv
Cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv; siv tag nrho lub npe ntawm phau ntawv lossis kab lus uas koj tab tom hais; sau lub npe tag nrho ntawm tus tshaj tawm; nco tseg hnub tshaj tawm lossis hnub ntawm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm lub vev xaib. Daim ntawv thov kom raug ntawm MLA style yuav zoo li no:
Kauj Ruam 4. Npaj cov ntawv txheeb raws li cov qauv siv
Koj xav tias muaj txoj hauv kev los tswj koj txoj kev npau taws tom qab tag nrho. Kev sau koj cov lus yuav pab tus nyeem ntawv ua nws, txheeb xyuas nws, yog tias tus nyeem ntawv muaj qee cov lus nug ntxiv. Ua tib zoo saib yog tias koj tus kws qhia ntawv muaj txoj hauv kev npaj. Txwv tsis pub, teeb tsa koj qhov kev hais tawm hauv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Cov tsiaj ntawv
- Sijhawm raws sijhawm (xws li hnub tshaj tawm lossis sijhawm sijhawm ntawm cov ncauj lus, piv txwv li lub sijhawm, kaum xyoo, thiab ntxiv rau)
- Los ntawm subtopic
- Los ntawm hom ntawv (kab lus, phau ntawv, xov xwm, vev xaib, thiab lwm yam)
- Los ntawm cov lus
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Qhia Ntxiv
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia txhua nqe lus
Cov lus piav qhia yog kab lus luv luv uas muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov lus piav qhia pab nyeem cov lus hais hauv kab ntawv. Cov ntawv sau tseg tseem pab cov nyeem nyeem txiav txim siab ntxiv kev txheeb xyuas. Cov lus sau sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb. Cov lus piav qhia muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntau ntxiv, thaum cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov ntawv sau txheeb xyuas tus sau keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab kev tsim nyog
Suav nrog kev koom nrog hauv ib lub tsev haujlwm, tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm, thiab tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov kws sau ntawv hwm yuav zoo li nquag hais los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Piv txwv: "Tam sim no Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Ntawv Askiv ntawm University of Cambridge, XYZ tau txais nws daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab los ntawm Princeton xyoo 1984."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau tus sau txoj kev xav lossis tshwj xeeb
Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev thauj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus kws sau txoj kev xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus sau lees paub nws txoj kev xav mus rau qee yam.
Piv txwv: "Xav tau ntau ntxiv los daws qhov teeb meem los ntawm Marxist kev xav, XYZ lees paub tias nws txoj kev tsis muaj lub lens zoo."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis cov ntsiab lus
Muab kev nkag siab luv luv rau tus nyeem ntawv txog cov ncauj lus sib tham.
Piv txwv li: "Kev Sib Yuav thiab Kev Ncaj Ncees Ntawm Cov Neeg Victorians" yog phau ntawv sau piav qhia txog Askiv xyoo 19th, tham txog yuav ua li cas kev coj ncaj ncees thoob ntiaj teb tau tsim los ntawm cov lus tsis sib haum thiab kev sib tham thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov
Kauj Ruam 5. Qhia cov ncauj lus raws li lawv yuav ua haujlwm rau koj cov ntawv tshawb fawb
Teb lo lus nug, "Vim li cas kuv thiaj siv cov peev txheej no los siv rau hauv kuv qhov kev tshawb fawb?"
Piv txwv li: "Himmelfarb piav qhia Benjamin Disraeli qhov ntev, khawb rau hauv nws qhov Prime Minister uas nyuaj."
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj thiab qib kev nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw koj tab tom txheeb xyuas
Qhia rau tus nyeem cov ntawv paub yog tias lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev hais tawm yog kev kawm lossis tsis yog thiab yooj yim rau cov neeg pw kom nkag siab lossis tsis yog.
Piv txwv li: "Rorty kev sib tham ntawm Asmeskas pragmatism feem ntau yog tsom mus rau cov zej zog kev xav tswv yim zoo thiab yog li nyuaj rau nyeem tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus kev xav uas tsim nyog."
Kauj Ruam 7. Nco tseg ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib tham uas koj tau hais tawm
Daim ntawv ceeb toom yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm, cov lus piav qhia, lossis qhov ntsuas hauv qhov chaw citation - qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog koj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Kuj xyuam xim rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tshawb fawb, ntsuas cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txheeb xyuas txhua qhov chaw
Tom qab suav tag nrho cov peev txheej, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv citation thiab txiav txim siab cov lus nug hauv qab no:
- Kev siv cov peev txheej no rau kuv qhov kev tshawb fawb yog dab tsi?
- Cov ntaub ntawv puas ntseeg tau?
- Cov ntaub ntawv puas muaj tseeb lossis lub hom phiaj? Puas yog cov ntaub ntawv raws qhov tseeb lossis kev xav?
- Puas yog lub hauv paus tseem siv tau lossis tas sijhawm?
Kauj Ruam 9. Kawm qhov piv txwv no
Daim ntawv ceeb toom yuav ua li cas cov lus hais tawm ua ntej hauv MLA style. Cov lus piav qhia ua raws cov lus tsocai, piav qhia luv luv ntawm nqe lus thiab muab tso rau hauv cov ntsiab lus.
Lub tswv yim
- Saib rau cov peev txheej uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshaj tawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
- Ua ntawv thov rau MLA style xav tau ob chav sib nrug hauv nqe lus.
