Cov ntawv luv "piv txwv li" thiab "eg" Nws feem ntau siv tsis raug vim ntau tus neeg tsis paub nws txhais li cas. Kab lus no yuav pab txhim kho koj txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntawv luv thiab lawv siv raug.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Qhov txawv ntawm qhov piv txwv thiab piv txwv
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias cov ntawv luv "piv txwv li
"yog cov ntawv luv ntawm Latin lo lus id est, lub ntsiab lus" uas yog. "" piv txwv li "yog cov ntawv luv rau Latin lo lus piv txwv gratia, lub ntsiab lus" piv txwv ".
Kauj Ruam 2. Koom nrog txhua tus ntawv luv nrog cov kab lus uas yooj yim kom nco qab
Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau nco cov lus Latin, yog li xav tias "piv txwv li" txhais tau tias "qhov tseem ceeb (hauv paus)" lossis "hauv lwm lo lus", thiab "piv txwv li" txhais tau tias "piv txwv muab" tuaj yeem pab tau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv kev ceeb toom muaj tswv yim
Qee zaum, txawm tias koom nrog cov ntawv luv nrog lwm cov kab lus tsis pab. Yog tias koj tseem muaj teeb meem, sim siv cov tswv yim daws teeb meem ntau dua, xws li txuas nrog piv txwv. nrog "Kuv piav qhia" lossis piv txwv nrog "qe piv txwv" (uas suab zoo li "piv txwv").
Koj tseem tuaj yeem sim nco cov piv txwv ntawm kab lus coj txawv txawv siv cov ntawv luv, xws li "Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tsav unicorns tawm ntawm koj lub zej zog yog ua kom lawv nrov Baroque classical music (" piv txwv li ", cov suab paj nruag classical nyuaj ntawm 1600-1750). " (Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tsav unicorns tawm ntawm koj thaj av yog ua suab paj nruag nrov Baroque classical ("uas yog", cov suab paj nruag qub tsim los ntawm 1600-1750).)
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Paub Lub Sijhawm Pabcuam piv txwv li thiab eg
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv "i.e
rau paraphrase.
Ua ib nqe lus, tom qab ntawd ntxiv "piv txwv li" piav qhia, nthuav dav, lossis lwm yam piav qhia qhov koj tau hais:
- "Tus ntxhw yog pachyderm, piv txwv li, tsiaj nrog tawv tawv thiab ntsia hlau zoo li hooves". (Ntxhw yog pachyderms, uas yog, tsiaj nrog tawv tawv thiab hooves zoo li nees hooves.)
- "Kuv tau mus rau qhov chaw kuv nyiam tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, kws kho hniav)". (Kuv mus qhov twg kuv nyiam tshaj (uas yog kws kho hniav).)
- Nco ntsoov tias ua raws li "piv txwv li" yog lub ntsiab lus ntxiv Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhais ua piv txwv. Yog tias koj hloov "i.e." nrog "hauv lwm lo lus", kab lus tseem ua rau nkag siab. Yog tias koj nkag mus "piv txwv", kab lus tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv "piv txwv
ua ntej muab ib lossis ntau qhov piv txwv.
Xav txog tej yam uas ua ntej "xws li" raws li pawg, thiab yam uas ua raws nws ua qee yam (lossis yam khoom) uas poob rau hauv pawg ntawd (tab sis tsis yog txhua tus poob rau hauv pawg ntawd):
- "Yuav qee cov zaub, piv txwv li, carrots". (Yuav qee cov zaub, zoo li carrots.)
- "Kuv nyiam lub zog hlau (piv txwv li, Firewind, Iced Earth, Sonata Arctica)". (Kuv nyiam lub zog hlau lwm yam (piv txwv li, Firewind, Iced Earth, Sonata Arctica).)
- Saib xyuas tias kev siv "piv txwv li" tsis nkag siab hauv cov piv txwv hauv qab no. "Carrot" tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los piav txog zaub feem ntau. Carrots tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau cov khoom noj uas suav nrog zaub. Yog tias koj xav siv "piv txwv li", koj yuav sau "Yuav qee cov zaub, piv txwv li, cov khoom noj tau ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Ib yam nkaus, pab pawg hais txog yog piv txwv ntawm lub zog hlau hom, tsis yog kev piav qhia. Yog tias koj siv "piv txwv li", koj yuav sau qee yam xws li "" Kuv nyiam lub zog hlau, piv txwv li, hlau nrawm nrog cov ntsiab lus sib dhos thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. (Kuv nyiam hom hlau fais fab, uas yog cov hlau nrawm nrog cov ntsiab lus sib dhos thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo.)
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv piv txwv
thiab i.e. hauv cov lus luv luv.
Nws yog ib txwm coj los siv cov ntawv luv xws li thiab i.e. thaum ntxiv cov lus hais ntxaws, xws li kev qhia meej lossis piav qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov kev piav qhia lossis piav qhia yog ib feem ntawm kab lus tseem ceeb, piav qhia cov kab lus uas haum rau koj lub ntsiab lus.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv thiab xav muab qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov peev txheej uas cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov ntsiab lus, siv piv txwv: "Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb (piv txwv li, Smith, 2015; Yao, 1999) txhawb qhov kev lees paub no, thaum lwm tus - piv txwv, Abdullah's (2013) tshawb fawb txog pizza thiab topping xaiv - tsis pom zoo. (Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb (xws li Smith, 2015; Yao, 1999) txhawb cov lus no, thaum lwm tus - xws li Abdullah's (2013) kawm txog pizza thiab nws cov kev xaiv ua ntej - tsis pom zoo.)"
- Siv xws li muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv thiab kab lus los muab kev piav qhia ntev dua thiab ntxaws ntxaws: "Hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb peb tau hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov duab tso tawm (piv txwv li, thawj, thib ob, lossis thib peb) nrog rau lawv cov xim xim, uas yog, txawm peb muaj tau siv lub lim dej xiav lossis ntsuab ". (Hauv peb txoj kev kawm, peb tau hloov qhov kev txiav txim uas cov duab tau tshwm (piv txwv li, ib, ob, lossis peb) nrog rau cov xim xim, uas yog, yog tias peb thov xiav lossis ntsuab lim.)
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog koj cov neeg nyeem
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob ib puag ncig i.e. thiab piv txwv li, txawm tias ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv txawj ntse. Yog tias koj xav tias koj cov neeg nyeem yuav tsis nkag siab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv cov ntawv luv, hla nws thiab siv kab lus piav qhia.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Kev Ua Qauv thiab Rov Xyuas Kev Siv piv txwv thiab piv txwv li Koj
Kauj Ruam 1. Luam cov ntawv qaij nkaus xwb yog tias koj raug nug kom ua li ntawd
Cov neeg hais lus Askiv feem ntau pom cov lus Latin thiab kab lus hauv kab lus, xws li hauv medias res ("nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ncauj lus") lossis hauv loco parentis ("hloov rau niam txiv"). Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau siv cov lus Latin thiab kab lus feem ntau tsis yog ntawv qaij - suav nrog xws li thiab eg
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv kab lus los yog tus lej cim rau ob qho tib si
Txhawm rau qhia qhov sib cais, koj tuaj yeem tso tus lej ua ntej "piv txwv li" sau "eg" lossis koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus sib cav, ob qho tib si uas tau qhia hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no. Yog tias koj siv kab lus, qhib cov kab lus tam sim ua ntej "piv txwv" lossis "piv txwv li", thiab kaw cov kab zauv tom qab koj muab koj cov piv txwv lossis lwm cov lus txhais.
Txog kev siv lus Askiv Asmeskas, koj yuav tsum tso tus lej cim tseg tom qab "piv txwv li" tsis yog "eg" raws li qhia hauv cov piv txwv saum toj no. Rau kev siv lus Askiv Askiv, tsis txhob muab tus lej cim tom qab "piv txwv li" tsis yog "eg"
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas txhua yam kev xav tau ntawm kev siv
Yog tias koj tsuas yog sau rau koj tus kheej lossis hauv cov xwm txheej tsis raug, koj yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm, lossis hauv ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb (xws li kev sau xov xwm), koj yuav raug nug kom sau ntawv raws li qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev siv.
Piv txwv li, APA kev sau ntawv, hom kev sau ntawv ntawm American Psychological Association, tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab hauv txoj haujlwm xws li kev sau xov xwm. APA hais tias koj yuav tsum tso tus lej cim tseg tom qab piv txwv li thiab i.e. thaum siv nws: "Qee qhov chaw (piv txwv li, Janet, 2010; Jeff, 2015) sib cav tias nceb yog qab" thiab "Muaj peb pluas noj hauv ib hnub (piv txwv, noj tshais, su, thiab noj hmo)"
Kauj Ruam 4. Nco ntsoov tias yam uas koj sau tom qab piv txwv li
muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam ua ntej nws.
Yog tias koj siv kab lus uas siv piv txwv thiab cov lus hauv kab lus, nco ntsoov tias qhov rov hais dua yog sib npaug rau qhov koj tau hais ua ntej: koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm pauv lawv yam tsis poob lawv lub ntsiab lus.
- Cov kab lus "Nws nyiam hom qhaub cij yog qhib lub ntsej muag qhaub cij (piv txwv li, ib qho uas siv tsuas yog ib qho mov ci ntau dua li ob.))"
- Cov kab lus "Nws nyiam hom qhaub cij yog qhib lub ntsej muag qhaub cij (piv txwv li, panini lossis zoo ib yam ntawm cov qhaub cij)" qhia tias siv tsis raug, vim tias "panini lossis lwm hom qhaub cij" tsis yog qhov sib npaug ntawm "qhib qhaub cij".
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim hloov cov ntawv luv nrog lawv lub ntsiab lus
Yog tias nws zoo li plausible, tej zaum koj yuav siv lo lus raug. Piv txwv li, "Kuv nyiam cov haujlwm ntsiag to (piv txwv li nyeem ntawv)" dhau los "Kuv nyiam cov haujlwm ntsiag to (piv txwv li nyeem ntawv). Lwm cov lus" piv rau "piv txwv li".
Lub tswv yim
- Tsis tas yuav siv "lwm yam" qhov kawg ntawm cov npe uas ua raws "piv txwv", vim "piv txwv li" qhia cov npe tsis tiav.
- Zoo dua tsis siv "i.e." sau "eg" thaum tham. Hloov chaw, siv "piv txwv", lossis "hauv lwm lo lus" hloov "piv txwv li", thiab "piv txwv" lossis "ua piv txwv" hloov "piv txwv li"
- Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv "i.e." vs. "xws li" Zoo, saib qhov tshwm sim ntawm Chili Palmer (John Travolta) thiab Ray "Pob txha" Barboni (Dennis Farina) hauv zaj duab xis 1995 "Tau Shorty".
- Yog tias koj tseem txhawj xeeb txog kev siv cov ntsiab lus no tsis raug, tom qab ntawd txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom zam kev siv lawv yog tsis siv lawv txhua, txawm tias sau ntawv. Thaum koj xav hais "piv txwv", sau "piv txwv". Thaum koj xav hais "uas yog," sau "uas yog." Sau cov lus no tsis nyuaj, thiab koj zoo li tsis yuam kev.
