Tsim cov qauv DNA yog txoj hauv kev zoo los kawm txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tsis txaus ntseeg no ua rau peb cov noob. Siv cov ntaub ntawv pom feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej cov qauv DNA los ntawm kev sib txuas cov txuj ci thiab txuj ci rau hauv ib txoj haujlwm zoo.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Tsim Tus Qauv DNA Siv Cov hlaws dai thiab Cov Tshuaj Yeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj cov khoom tsim nyog
Koj yuav xav tau tsawg kawg plaub txoj kab ntawm cov kav dej huv (ib txoj hlua hlau uas tau ntim nrog cov paj tawg thiab feem ntau siv los ntxuav cov kav dej) ntsuas 12 , thiab hlaws ntau yam tsawg kawg rau xim.
- Cov hlaws yas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txoj haujlwm no, txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem siv txhua hom hlaws dai uas muaj lub qhov dav txaus rau cov yeeb nkab ntxhua khaub ncaws kom dhau mus.
- Txhua ntawm ob khub ntawm cov yeeb nkab tshuaj ntxuav yuav tsum yog xim sib txawv, muab rau koj tag nrho plaub lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas nyiam dua dub thiab txiv kab ntxwv, ua piv txwv txog phosphate thiab deoxyribose, feem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav cov yeeb nkab kom huv
Siv ob lub raj tshuaj ntxuav xim tib yam, thiab txiav lawv mus rau hauv 2 daim me me. Koj yuav siv cov no los txuas C-G thiab T-A hlaws dai.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaws cov hlaws dai ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntxhua khaub ncaws kom tsim tau ob lub helix
Siv ob lub xim sib txawv ntawm cov hlaws los sawv cev rau cov suab thaj thiab phosphate pawg, ua ke lawv nrog cov xim sib txawv raws txhua tus kav dej huv.
- Nco ntsoov tias ob txoj hlua uas ua rau ob lub helix tau ua tiav zoo, yog li cov hlaws nyob hauv tib qho kev txiav txim.
- Tawm ntawm ib nrab ntiv tes nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws tso cai rau chav kom txuas lwm daim ntawm cov kav dej huv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txuas koj cov nitrogen puag hlaws
Siv plaub xim ntxiv ntawm cov hlaws, thiab sib phim lawv ib leeg. Ob qhov xim sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua khub tas li, los sawv cev rau kev sib txuas ntawm cytosine thiab guanine, ntxiv rau thymine thiab adenine.
- Muab ib qho hlaws dai rau ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm 2 "cov kav dej huv huv, tawm hauv qhov chaw me me rau qhov kawg kom tsim ob txoj hlua txuas.
- Nws tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas muab cov hlaws dai, tsuav yog lawv ua khub kom raug.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nruab lub beaded yeeb nkab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Nqa cov hlaws dai 2 yeeb nkab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab khi qhov kawg raws txoj hlua ntawm ob lub helix.
- Chaw txhua qhov ntawm cov yeeb nkab me me huv si kom lawv ib txwm lo hla cov hlaws ntawm tib xim ib sab. Koj yuav tsum tau khi nws tom qab txhua ob hlaws raws txoj hlua ntawm ob lub helix.
- Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom me me no tsis muaj teeb meem, nws yog nyob ntawm koj yuav ua li cas lawv tau teeb tsa raws cov hlua ntawm ob chav helix.
Kauj Ruam 6. Twist rau hauv ob lub helix
Thaum txhua qhov me me ntawm cov hlaws dai nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ntswj qhov xaus ntawm ob lub helix nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia rov qab los ua kom pom qhov tseeb ntawm DNA txoj hlua. Txaus siab rau tus qauv DNA uas koj nyuam qhuav tsim!
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tsim Tus Qauv DNA Siv Styrofoam Foam Balls
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj cov khoom koj xav tau
Txog rau qhov haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm no, koj yuav xav tau pob me me ntawm Styrofoam ua npuas ncauj, rab koob thiab hlua, pleev xim, thiab tus pas txhuam hniav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xim koj lub pob Styrofoam
Xaiv rau xim sib txawv los sawv cev rau pab pawg qab zib thiab phosphate, ntxiv rau plaub lub hauv paus nitrogenous. Xaiv cov xim uas koj nyiam.
- Koj yuav tsum muaj xim 16 pob rau qab zib, 14 pob rau phosphate, thiab 4 xim sib txawv rau txhua lub hauv paus nitrogen (cytosine, guanine, thymine, thiab adenine).
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem xaiv dawb, yog li koj tsis tas yuav xim ntau Styrofoam pob. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim dawb no rau cov khoom qab zib, vim nws yuav txo qhov haujlwm koj ua.
Kauj Ruam 3. Pair cov nitrogen puag
Thaum cov xim tau qhuav, muab ib qho xim rau txhua qhov ntawm cov hauv paus nitrogen, thiab tom qab ntawd sib phim lawv raws li qhov tsim nyog. Cytosine ib txwm ua khub nrog guanine, thiab thymine ib txwm ua khub nrog adenine.
- Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov xim tsis muaj teeb meem, qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lawv tau ua khub kom raug.
- Kaw ib tus pas txhuam hniav ntawm txhua khub, tawm hauv qhov chaw me ntsis ntxiv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim kom muaj ob lub helix
Siv rab koob thiab xov, txiav ntev txaus kom haum 15 Styrofoam pob. Khi ib txoj hlua ntawm ib kawg ntawm txoj hlua, txuas rau lwm sab rau rab koob.
- Teem kaum tsib Styrofoam cov khoom qab zib thiab phosphate hloov. Cov khoom qab zib yuav tsum muaj ntau dua li pob phosphate.
- Nco ntsoov tias ob txoj kab qab zib thiab phosphate nyob rau tib qho kev txiav txim, kom lawv sib phim thaum ua khub ua ke.
- Hloov lwm txoj hlua hlua los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm txhua pob Styrofoam suab thaj thiab phosphate. Khi qis kawg ntawm txoj hlua, txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub pob los ntawm kev swb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Txuas cov nitrogenous hauv paus rau cov hlua ntawm ob chav helix
Siv tus pas txhuam hniav nrog cov pob nitrogen hauv paus txuas, thiab lo qhov kawg ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav rau hauv cov pob qab zib ntawm txhua txoj hlua ntev.
- Plug cov nitrogen puag puag tsuas yog ntawm Pob Pob Styrofoam uas sawv cev rau qab zib, vim qhov no yog li cas DNA tau ua tiav.
- Nco ntsoov txhuam tus txhuam hniav kom tob txaus kom cov hauv paus tsis poob yooj yim.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim kom muaj ob lub helix
Thaum tag nrho cov hauv paus khub txuas tau txuas rau cov piam thaj, ntswj ob txoj hlua nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia rov qab los txhawm rau tsim qhov zoo ob chav helix. Koj tus qauv tiav lawm!
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Tsim Tus Qauv DNA Siv Khoom Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv cov khoom qab zib uas tsim nyog
Txhawm rau ua ib feem ntawm cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov suab thaj thiab phosphates, siv cov xim dub thiab liab liab nrog cov chaw nruab nrab. Rau lub hauv paus nitrogenous, siv cov khoom qab zib ntawm plaub xim sib txawv.
- Yam khoom qab zib twg koj siv, ua kom nws mos txaus rau tus pas txhuam hniav nkag mus.
- Yog tias koj muaj ib qho, xim marshmallows ua qhov hloov pauv zoo rau khoom qab zib.
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj lwm cov khoom xyaw
Npaj txoj hlua thiab tus pas txhuam hniav los siv ua tus qauv DNA. Txoj hlua yuav tsum tau txiav kom ntev li ntawm ib txhais taw, tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom ntev dua lossis luv dua raws qhov loj ntawm cov qauv DNA koj xav tau.
- Siv ob txoj hlua ntawm txoj hlua ntev tib yam los ua ob lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj muaj tsawg kawg kaum ob tus txhuam hniav. Nyob ntawm seb tus qauv loj npaum li cas koj xav ua, koj yuav xav tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kaum ob.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav cov cawv
Licorice yuav tau dai rau ntawm cov hlua hauv cov xim sib txawv, thiab yuav tsum tau txiav kom ntev li ib nti.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua khoom qab zib ua ob khub
Hauv DNA strand, cytosine (C) khub nrog guanine (G), thaum thymine (T) nrog adenine (A). Xaiv plaub xim sib txawv xim los sawv cev rau plaub lub hauv paus nitrogen.
- Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias khub yog C-G lossis G-C, tsuav yog lawv ib txwm ua khub.
- Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua xim ua ke ntawm khub. Piv txwv li, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua ke T-G lossis A-C.
- Tsis muaj txoj cai hais txog xim twg koj yuav tsum xaiv. Nyob ntawm tus kheej nyiam.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tshaj txoj hlua rau hauv cov cawv uas koj tau npaj lawm
Siv ob txoj hlua ntawm txoj hlua thiab khi txoj hlua khi hauv qab ntawm txhua qhov kom tiv thaiv cov cawv kom tsis txhob plam. Tom qab ntawd, xov txoj hlua los ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov khoob ntawm cov cawv hauv cov xim sib txawv.
- Ob xim ntawm cawv cawv ua piv txwv suab thaj thiab phosphates tsim ua ob lub helix.
- Xaiv ib qho xim raws li pab pawg qab zib; Cov khoom qab zib nitrogen puag uas koj tau npaj yuav muab txuas nrog cov cawv cawv no.
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias ob daim ntawv tso cai nyob hauv tib xim xaj, yog li lawv zoo thaum lawv sib xyaw ua ke.
- Khi lwm qhov kawg ntawm txoj hlua thaum koj ua tiav ntxiv txhua daim cawv txiv hmab.
Kauj Ruam 6. Muab cov khoom qab zib siv tus pas txhuam hniav
Thaum koj tau ua tiav cov khoom qab zib raws li C-G thiab T-Ib puag puag nitrogen, siv tus pas txhuam hniav thiab lo txhua daim khoom qab zib rau ob qho kawg ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav.
- Muab cov khoom qab zib nyob deb txaus sib nrug ntawm txhua tus pas txhuam hniav, yog li tsawg kawg ntiv tes ntawm ob qhov ntse ntse tseem tab tom tawm.
- Koj tuaj yeem ua ib khub hauv paus ntau dua li lwm qhov; Qhov tseeb ntawm cov lej hauv paus hauv DNA txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob uas tau tsim.
Kauj Ruam 7. Muab cov khoom qab zib tso rau cawv cawv
Tshaj tawm ob lub cawv cawv rau ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj, tom qab ntawd muab tus pas txhuam hniav nrog cov khoom qab zib txuas rau cov cawv los ntawm kev ntxig qhov ntse kawg rau hauv cawv.
- Koj yuav tsum tsuas yog txuas tus pas txhuam hniav mus rau "qab zib" cov qauv uas nws cov xim cawv uas koj tau teeb tsa. Yog li ntawd txhua tus txhuam hniav yuav txuas rau tib xim cawv (piv txwv li, ntawm txhua tus cawv liab).
- Siv txhua tus txhuam hniav uas koj muaj khoom qab zib tso rau, tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom seem.
Kauj Ruam 8. Twist los tsim ob lub helix
Thaum koj tau tso tag nrho cov tshuaj txhuam hniav rau ntawm cov cawv, ntswj ob daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia rov qab Txaus siab rau tus qauv DNA uas koj nyuam qhuav tsim!
