Yuav Teeb Tus Kheej Li Cas Network: 9 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav Teeb Tus Kheej Li Cas Network: 9 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Yuav Teeb Tus Kheej Li Cas Network: 9 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: Yuav Teeb Tus Kheej Li Cas Network: 9 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: Yuav Teeb Tus Kheej Li Cas Network: 9 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Video: tuav wb lub neej kom ruaj khov - Mang Vang ft. Christina Xyooj [Official Audio] 2021-22 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ib lub network ntiag tug yog lub network uas tsis txuas nrog internet, lossis txuas ncaj qha siv NAT (Network Address Translation) kom qhov chaw nyob tsis tshwm ntawm pej xeem network. Txawm li cas los xij, lub network ntiag tug tso cai rau koj txuas nrog lwm lub khoos phis tawj uas nyob hauv tib lub network. Txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias koj xav sib txuas lus nrog lwm cov khoos phis tawj lossis sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis xav tau kev sib txuas hauv is taws nem.

Kauj ruam

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 1
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim koj lub network

Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa lub network.

Kos ua ntej ib tus routers uas koj yuav siv los qhia feem ntau ntawm koj lub network. Cov koom tes ntiag tug me me tsis xav tau lub router, tab sis tseem tuaj yeem siv lawv rau kev tswj hwm. Ib tus router tsuas yog xav tau yog tias koj npaj rau a) Sib faib lub network mus rau ntau lub network me, lossis b) Tso cai siv internet ncaj qha siv NAT. Tom ntej no, ntxiv lub network hloov (hloov) thiab lub hub. Rau cov tes hauj lwm me me, koj tsuas yog xav siv ib lub network hloov pauv lossis lub hauv paus. Kos cov thawv los sawv cev rau cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov kab txuas txhua yam khoom siv. Daim duab no yuav ua haujlwm raws li koj daim duab network. Thaum daim duab npaj rau koj tuaj yeem siv cov cim uas koj nyiam, siv cov cim kev lag luam yuav yooj yim rau txoj haujlwm no thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm tus. Cov cim kev lag luam raug cim yog:

  • Ruter: Vajvoog nrog plaub tus xub hla. Lossis tsuas yog tus ntoo khaub lig yog tias koj tab tom teeb duab lub tswvyim.
  • Hloov daim phiaj: Ib lub xwmfab lossis duab plaub, nrog plaub lub xub pwg nyom, ob qho ntawm txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Sawv cev lub tswv yim ntawm "xa rov qab" lub teeb liab -xa mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj uas ua rau tus neeg siv xav tau los ntawm chaw nyob.
  • Hub: Zoo ib yam li lub network hloov pauv, nrog rau ob lub taub hau xub. Sawv cev lub tswv yim ntawm txhua lub cim qhia tau qhov muag tsis pom xa mus rau txhua lub chaw nres nkoj tsis hais qhov chaw nres nkoj twg yog taw qhia rau tus neeg txais.
  • Kab thiab plaub fab tuaj yeem siv los sawv cev sib txuas uas coj mus rau lub khoos phis tawj.
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 2
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim daim phiaj chaw nyob

  • IPv4 chaw nyob (IP version 4) tau sau zoo li no: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (plaub tus lej sib cais los ntawm peb tus lej), hauv txhua lub tebchaws RFC-1166-ua raws. Txhua tus lej suav txij 0 txog 255. Tus lej no hu ua "Dotted Decimal Notation" lossis "Dot Notation" kom luv. Qhov chaw nyob tau muab faib ua ob ntu: ntu network thiab tus tswv tsev.

    Txog rau "Classy" network, ntu network thiab tus tswv tsev yog raws li hauv qab no:

    ("" sawv cev rau ntu network, "x" sawv cev rau tus tswv tsev)

    Yog thawj tus lej yog 0 txog 126- nnn ua.xxx.xxx.xxx (piv txwv 10.xxx.xxx.xxx), qhov no yog hu ua "Class A" network.

    Yog thawj tus lej yog 128 txog 191- nnn.nnn.xxx.xxx (piv txwv li 172.16.xxx.xxx), qhov no yog hu ua "Class B" network.

    Yog thawj tus lej yog 192 txog 223- nnn.nnn.nnn.xxx (piv txwv 192.168.1.xxx), qhov no yog hu ua "Class C" network.

    Yog thawj tus lej yog 224 txog 239, qhov chaw nyob no yog siv rau kev ua ntau yam.

    Yog thawj tus lej yog 240 txog 255, qhov chaw nyob no yog "sim".

    Kev tshaj tawm ntau yam & Cov chaw nyob sim yog dhau qhov uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias vim tias IPv4 tsis kho nws tib yam li lwm qhov chaw nyob, tsis tas yuav siv.

    Yooj yim muab, "nonclass networks", subnetworks, thiab CIDR yuav tsis tham txog hauv kab lus no.

    Ib feem ntawm lub network piav qhia lub network; cov tswv tsev hais qhia tus kheej cov cuab yeej ntawm lub network.

    Rau txhua lub network:

    • Qhov ntau ntawm txhua qhov ua tau tuaj yeem koom nrog tus lej ua rau muaj Chaw Nyob.

      (piv txwv li 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov ntau yog 172.16.0.0 txog 172.16.255.255)

    • Qhov chaw nyob qis tshaj yog Network Address.

      (piv txwv li 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov chaw nyob network yog 172.16.0.0)

      Qhov chaw nyob no yog siv los ntawm lub cuab yeej los txiav txim lub network nws tus kheej, thiab tsis tuaj yeem npaj rau ib qho khoom siv twg.

    • Qhov chaw nyob siab tshaj yog Chaw Nyob Tshaj Tawm.

      (piv txwv li 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov chaw nyob tshaj tawm yog 172.16.255.255)

      Qhov chaw nyob no yog siv yog hais tias pob ntawv tau hais rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej ntawm ib lub network tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau ib qho khoom siv twg.

    • Tus naj npawb tseem nyob hauv thaj tsam yog Tus Kws Khwv.

      (piv txwv li 172.16.xxx.xxx niam txiv ntau yog 172.16.0.1 txog 172.16.255.254)

      Nov yog cov lej koj tuaj yeem muab rau lub khoos phis tawj, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

      Chaw Nyob yog cov chaw nyob ntawm tus kheej no.

  • Teeb network. Hauv qhov no, lub network yog kab sib txuas sib txuas los ntawm tus router.

    Koj lub network yuav tsis muaj router lossis, yog tias nkag mus rau internet nrog NAT, tsuas muaj ib lub router ntawm koj tus kheej network thiab pej xeem internet. Yog tias qhov no tsuas yog lub router, lossis yog tias koj tsis muaj lub router, koj lub network ntiag tug tag nrho yog suav tias yog ib lub network.

    Xaiv lub network nrog tus tswv tsev ntau txaus los muab chaw nyob ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej. Class C tes hauj lwm (piv txwv li 192.168.0.x) tso cai 254 chaw nyob (192.168.0.1 txog 192.168.0.254), uas yog qhov zoo yog tias koj tsis muaj ntau dua 254 pab kiag li lawm. Txawm li cas los xij yog tias koj muaj 255 lub cuab yeej lossis ntau dua, koj yuav tsum tau siv Class B network (piv txwv li 172.16.xx) lossis faib koj tus kheej lub network rau hauv cov network me nrog lub router.

    Yog tias koj siv lub router ntxiv, nws dhau los ua "router sab hauv," lub network ntiag tug dhau los ua "ntiag tug intranet," thiab txhua pawg kev sib txuas yog cais cov network uas xav tau nws tus kheej qhov chaw nyob thiab ntau yam. Qhov no suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm routers, thiab kev sib txuas ncaj qha los ntawm router mus rau ib lub cuab yeej.

    Txhawm rau ua tej yam yooj yim, cov theem hauv qab no yuav xav tias koj tsuas muaj ib lub network, suav nrog 254 lub cuab yeej lossis tsawg dua, thiab siv 192.168.2.x ua piv txwv. Peb tseem yuav xav tias koj tsis siv DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) kom tau txais tus tswv tsev chaw nyob.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 3
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Sau "192.168.2.x" nyob txhua qhov chaw

Yog tias koj muaj ntau dua ib lub network, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo sau txhua qhov chaw nyob ze rau lub network tsim nyog.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 4
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 4. Muab tus tswv chaw nyob rau thaj tsam 1 txog 254 rau txhua lub khoos phis tawj

Sau tus tswv tsev nyob ib sab ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim nyog hauv daim duab. Thaum xub thawj koj yuav xav sau tag nrho qhov chaw nyob (piv txwv li 192.168.2.5) ib sab ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj ua tau zoo dua ntawm nws, sau tus tswv tsev (piv txwv li 5) tuaj yeem pab txuag sijhawm. Tus router yuav xav tau qhov chaw nyob.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 5
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 5

Kauj Ruam 5. Sau daim npog ntsej muag subnet nyob ib sab ntawm lub network chaw nyob

Rau 192.168.2.x, uas yog Class C, daim npog yog: 255.255.255.0. Lub khoos phis tawj xav kom nws paub qhov twg ntawm IP chaw nyob yog lub network thiab ntu twg yog tus tswv. IPv4 pib siv thawj tus lej (piv txwv li 192) los txiav txim qhov no los ntawm chav kawm chaw nyob, raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov subnets thiab cov network uas tsis cais npe xav tau lub ntsej muag vim tias tam sim no muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov chaw nyob no rau hauv ntu network thiab cov tswv tsev. Rau Chav A hais txog daim npog yog 255.0.0.0, rau Chav B daim npog yog 255.255.0.0

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 6
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 6

Kauj Ruam 6. Txuas koj lub network

Npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, suav nrog: cov hlua, khoos phis tawj, Hloov Ethernet, thiab router (yog tias siv). Saib rau Ethernet chaw nres nkoj ntawm lwm lub khoos phis tawj thiab khoom siv. Nrhiav 8 tus pin (RJ-45) modular txuas. Nws zoo li tus qauv txuas xov tooj tshwj tsis yog tias nws loj dua me ntsis vim tias nws muaj ntau tus neeg txuas. Txuas cov xov tooj ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej, ib yam li hauv koj daim duab. Yog tias muaj xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog uas ua rau koj hloov pauv ntawm daim duab, sau cov ntawv los qhia qhov kev hloov pauv.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 7
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 7. Qhib txhua lub khoos phis tawj uas txuas nrog lub network

Kuj qhib rau txhua lwm yam khoom siv sib txuas. Thov nco ntsoov tias qee lub cuab yeej tsis muaj lub zog khawm thiab qhib tau ib zaug txuas nrog lub network.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 8
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 8. Kho lub khoos phis tawj rau lub network

Nkag mus Kev Xaiv Internet (cov kauj ruam no sib txawv nyob ntawm Qhov Kev Ua Haujlwm), thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub npov uas tso cai rau koj hloov pauv TCP/IP raws tu qauv. Hloov lub xov tooj cua khawm los ntawm "Tau txais los ntawm DHCP server tau txais" mus rau "Siv IP chaw nyob hauv qab no:". Ntaus koj tus IP chaw nyob rau lub khoos phis tawj, thiab tsim nyog subnet daim npog (255.255.255.0).

Yog tias koj tsis muaj router, tawm ntawm "Default Gateway" thiab "DNS server" teb tsis muaj dab tsi.

Yog tias koj txuas rau internet siv NAT, siv Chaw Nyob txhais ntawm router ntawm koj tus kheej network thiab internet uas yog "DNS server" lossis "Default Gateway". Tsis txhob siv Network Chaw Nyob (192.168.2.0)Yog tias koj siv ntau dua ib lub router, saib ntu Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb. Tus router yuav muab chaw nyob sib txuas rau txhua lub cuab yeej ntawm lub network uas nkag mus rau koj lub network, kom txog thaum lawv nkag mus rau lwm lub router.

Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 9
Teeb tsa Tus Kheej Network Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 9. Txheeb xyuas qhov txuas

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog nrog Ping. Qhib MS-DOS lossis ib qho kev pab cuam sib npaug ntawm Lwm Qhov Kev Ua Haujlwm. (Ntawm Windows, qhib qhov hais kom sai nyob hauv Start Menu - Accessories - Command Prompt) thiab ntaus: ping 192.168.2. [Sau tus lej host ntawm no]. Ua qhov no ntawm ib tus tswv tsev thiab ping lwm tus. Nco ntsoov, koj lub router raug suav tias yog tus tswv tsev. Yog tias koj mus tsis tau nws, rov nyeem cov kauj ruam ntxiv lossis hu rau tus kws tshaj lij.

  • NAT tso cai rau ntiag tug sib txuas mus rau pej xeem cov tes hauj lwm los ntawm kev hloov IP chaw nyob ntawm cov tes hauj lwm ntiag tug kom tso cai chaw nyob ntawm pej xeem cov tes hauj lwm. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm internet, txhua lub cuab yeej yuav txuas rau ib qho ntawm nws cov zej zog pej xeem raws li txoj hauv kev hais qhia rau pej xeem (raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm IANA - Internet Txoj Haujlwm Kev Xeem Tus Zauv). "Dynamic NAT" tso cai rau ntau tus IP ntiag tug los siv IP pej xeem "tig".

    Ib qho txuj ci thev naus laus zis, PNAT (Chaw Nkag Chaw Nkag Nkag Chaw Nyob Txhais Lus) - tseem hu ua PAT (Chaw Nyob Chaw Txhais Lus) lossis NAT "Tshaj Tawm", tso cai rau ntau tus IP ntiag tug "sib koom" tib tus IP tib lub sijhawm. Cov thev naus laus zis no siv cov txheej txheem OSI Txheej 3 thiab OSI Txheej 4 kom cov kev sib txuas los ntawm ntau tus kheej IP zoo li tuaj ntawm ib lub computer nrog ib tus IP pej xeem.

    Ntau lub khoos phis tawj khoos phis tawj, khw muag khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab txawm tias cov khw muag khoom yooj yim muag cov routers me me uas tsim los tso cai rau ntau tus neeg siv los sib qhia ib zaug hauv Is Taws Nem. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv siv PAT, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntau dua ib tus IP pej xeem (IPs pej xeem ntxiv yuav kim, lossis tsis tso cai, nyob ntawm koj lub tuam txhab thauj khoom).

    Yog tias koj siv nws, koj yuav tsum qhia meej ib qho ntawm Chaw Nyob koj tus kheej network ntawm tus router.

    Yog tias koj siv cov khoom lag luam nyuaj dua, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa Tus Kheej Chaw Nyob ntawm tus interface uas txuas rau koj lub network ntiag tug, koj tus IP pej xeem ntawm lub interface uas txuas rau Is Taws Nem, thiab teeb tsa NAT/PAT tus kheej.

    Yog tias koj siv tsuas yog ib lub router, lub interface siv los txuas lub router rau koj tus kheej network yuav yog "DNS Server Interface" thiab "Default Gateway". Koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov chaw nyob rau daim teb no thaum teeb tsa lwm yam khoom siv.

  • Yog tias koj lub network tau sib koom siv ib lossis ntau tus routers sab hauv, txhua tus router yuav xav tau chaw nyob rau txhua lub network txuas nrog nws. (Tus lej IP tsis dhau qhov uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no). Qhov chaw nyob no yuav tsum yog tus tswv chaw nyob (xws li khoos phis tawj) los ntawm ntau lub network host. Feem ntau, chaw nyob thawj zaug muaj (piv txwv li chaw nyob thib ob hauv qhov chaw nyob, piv txwv li 192.168.1.1) yuav raug siv. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv tus tswv tsev ntau tuaj yeem siv tau ntev npaum li koj paub qhov chaw nyob yog dab tsi. Tsis txhob siv qhov chaw nyob network (piv txwv li 192.168.1.0), lossis chaw nyob tshaj tawm (piv txwv li 192.168.1.255).

    Rau cov network uas muaj ib lossis ntau tus neeg siv khoom siv (piv txwv li tshuab luam ntawv, khoos phis tawj, khoom siv cia) qhov chaw nyob uas lub router siv rau lub network ntawd yuav yog "Default Gateway" rau lwm yam khoom siv. "DNS Server", yog tias tsim nyog, tseem yuav yog qhov chaw nyob siv los ntawm router ntawm koj lub network thiab internet. Rau cov tes hauj lwm uas txuas cov routers, tsis tas yuav muaj "lub qhov rooj tsis raug". Rau cov network uas muaj ob tus neeg siv khoom siv thiab routers, ib lub router hauv lub network ntawd siv tau.

    Ib lub network tseem yog lub network, tsis hais loj lossis me. Thaum ob lub routers txuas los ntawm ib kab, txawm tias Chav Kawm C network (lub network me tshaj plaws) muaj 256 qhov chaw nyob, lawv txhua tus yuav yog tus cable ntawd. Lub network chaw nyob yog.0, chaw nyob tshaj tawm yog.255, yuav siv ob tus tswv (ib qho rau txhua qhov kev sib txuas uas txuas nrog lub cable), thiab lwm 252 yuav raug nkim vim tias lawv siv tsis tau rau lwm qhov.

    Feem ntau, lub tsev me me piav qhia saum toj no tsis siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Yog siv, nco ntsoov tias Ethernet interface ntawm "ntiag tug network" sab feem ntau yog ntawm "network switcher" uas tau tsim rau hauv lub router. Lub router nws tus kheej txuas nrog lub cuab yeej no siv sab hauv ib leeg xwb interface. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, tsuas yog ib tus tswv IP yuav muab qhia los ntawm txhua tus, thiab lawv txhua tus yuav nyob hauv tib lub network.

    Yog tias lub router muaj ntau qhov cuam tshuam nrog ntau tus IPs, txhua lub interface thiab IP yuav tsim sib txawv network.

  • Subnet daim npog lub tswvyim. Cov ntsiab lus dav dav yuav pab koj nkag siab tias vim li cas tus lej no tseem ceeb.

    Dotted Decimal Notation yog tib neeg txoj hauv kev sau IP chaw nyob kom yooj yim tuav. Lub khoos phis tawj "pom" yog 32 qhov sib law liag thiab zeros zoo li no: 11000000101010000000001000000000. IPv4 pib muab cov lej no faib ua 4 pawg ntawm 8 tus lej, qhov no yog qhov "dots" los ntawm - 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000, txhua pawg yog "octet" ntawm 8 bytes. Dotted zauv sau tus nqi ntawm octet hauv zauv los ua kom yooj yim rau tib neeg nyeem - 192.168.2.0

    Cov txheej txheem nyuaj hais txog cov lej thiab zeros hauv thawj octet yog siv los tsim "Classic Addressing Scheme". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis xav tau daim npog ntsej muag subnet. Rau txhua Chav Kawm A, thawj octet yog lub network, rau Class B, thawj thiab octets thib ob yog lub network, rau Class C, thawj peb lub octets yog lub network.

    Xyoo 1987, lub network intranet tau pib loj dua thiab internet tau txog yuav yug los. Dumping tag nrho Class C ntau ntawm 254 tus tswv chaw nyob ntawm lub network me me dhau los ua teeb meem. Chav A thiab B tes hauj lwm feem ntau pov tseg qhov chaw nyob vim tias lub cev txwv tsis pub siv lub network sib koom los ntawm routers ua ntej nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua txaus siv ntau qhov chaw nyob. (Class B host range [256 X 256] - 2 = 65,534 chaw nyob; Chav Kawm A [256^3] - 2 = 16,777,214).

    Subnetting faib Cov Chav Kawm Loj mus rau ntau qhov "subnets" me me los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb thiab cov zeros siv los muab lub network chaw nyob (tawm tsawg dua tus tswv hauv txhua lub network). Cov subnets me tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau cov tes hauj lwm me me yam tsis siv ntau qhov chaw nyob ntxiv. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov byte twg yog qhov chaw nyob network peb siv 1. "Mask" (piv txwv li 255.255.255. 192) yog hloov mus rau binary code (piv txwv li 11111111.11111111.11111111.

    Kauj ruam 11.000000) qhia meej tias muaj pes tsawg bytes ntxiv rau hauv lub network (piv txwv li ob tus tswv bytes). Hauv qhov piv txwv no, ib Chav C nrog 254 tus tswv ua plaub lub subnets ntawm 62 tus tswv ib leeg. Ntawm cov subnets no tsuas yog ob leeg tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau lub network; qub thiab tom kawg tsis tuaj yeem siv raws li cov cai ntawm RFC-950.

    Kev sib tham ntxiv ntawm cov cai subnet yog dhau qhov uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Dab tsi tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tias txawm tias peb siv Chaw Nyob Classy, Windows (thiab lwm yam software) tsis paub qhov no. Thiab yog li ntawd, tseem xav tau daim npog qhov ncauj hais qhia pes tsawg bytes uas peb xav siv rau lub network. Peb tshaj tawm nws siv tus lej 255.255.255.0.

Lub tswv yim

  • Ntau lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb koj puas siv tus ntoo khaub lig-txuas lossis txuas ncaj-txuas cable. Yog tias koj yuav tsum txuas ib lub cuab yeej nrog cable, koj yuav tsum siv hom kev txuas cable raug ntawm ob. Lub khoos phis tawj/router txuas mus rau lub network hloov pauv yuav xav tau kev txuas ncaj ncaj; khoos phis tawj/router mus rau lub khoos phis tawj/router xav tau kev sib txuas sib txuas. (Nco tseg: Qhov chaw nres nkoj nyob tom qab ntawm qee lub tsev routers tiag tiag yog koom nrog lub network hloov pauv tau teeb tsa ntawm lub router, thiab yuav tsum raug kho raws li kev hloov pauv network)

    Ib txoj kab ncaj yog CAT-5, CAT-5e, lossis CAT-6 Ethernet cable txuas hauv qab no:

    Ntawm ob qho kawg:

    Dawb Txiv kab ntxwv, Txiv kab ntxwv, Dawb Ntsuab, Xiav, Dawb Xiav, Ntsuab, Dawb Xim av, Chocolate

    Thawj qhov lus qhia:

    Dawb Txiv kab ntxwv, Txiv kab ntxwv, Dawb Ntsuab, Xiav, Dawb Xiav, Ntsuab, Dawb Xim av, Chocolate

    Qhov thib ob kawg:

    Dawb Ntsuab, Ntsuab, Txiv Kab ntxwv Dawb, Xiav, Dawb Xiav, Txiv Kab ntxwv, Xim av Dawb, Chocolate

    Cov lus saum toj no tau ua raws li TIA/EIA-568 tus qauv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, rau kev sib txuas ua haujlwm, pins 1 & 2 (xa) pauv chaw nrog pins 3 & 6 (txais) ntawm lwm qhov kawg. Rau cov pob qij txha ncaj, txhua tus pin yuav tsum zoo ib yam ntawm ob qho kawg. Cov xim sib txawv (piv txwv li Txiv Kab Ntxwv Dawb & Txiv Kab Ntxwv) qhia txog qhov sib tw ntawm cov xov hlau. Pinning tib txoj hlua sib txuas ntawm tus xov tooj (piv txwv li pins 1 & 2 ntawm ib lub xov tooj cua xim, thiab tus pin 3 & 6 ntawm lwm qhov) ua rau pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

    • Nco tseg: Tus qauv TIA/EIA tseem tsis tau txhais rau CAT-7 lossis tom qab cabling.

  • Network switchers raug nqi ntau dua, tab sis ntse dua. Cov cuab yeej no siv cov chaw nyob los txiav txim qhov twg yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv, tso cai ntau dua ib lub cuab yeej los txuas rau ib zaug, thiab tsis nkim qhov kev sib txuas bandwidth ntawm lwm cov khoom siv.
  • Yog tias koj teeb tsa lub firewall ntawm koj lub computer, tsis txhob hnov qab ntxiv IP chaw nyob ntawm txhua lub khoos phis tawj ntawm koj lub network rau lub firewall. Ua qhov no rau txhua lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub network. Yog tias tsis ua tiav, kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub khoos phis tawj yuav raug teeb meem, txawm hais tias tag nrho lwm cov kauj ruam tau ua tiav lawm.
  • Hubs yog qhov pheej yig dua yog tias koj txuas tsuas yog ob peb lub cuab yeej, tab sis lawv tsis paub lub interface cuam tshuam rau qhov twg. Cov cuab yeej tsuas yog xa txhua yam mus rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, vam tias yuav tau txais lub cuab yeej raug, thiab cia tus neeg txais kev txiav txim siab seb puas xav tau lossis tsis xav tau cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj hauv kev no siv ntau qhov bandwidth, tsuas yog tso cai rau ib lub khoos phis tawj txuas rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab ua rau lub network qeeb yog tias ntau lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog.
  • Tsis txhob txuas lub hub hauv txhua txoj kev uas tsim cov loops lossis loops. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv rov ua dua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj mus ib txhis. Cov pob ntawv ntxiv yuav raug ntxiv, kom txog thaum lub hub puv thiab tsis tuaj yeem hla kev mus los.

    Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob txuas lub network hloov pauv li no ib yam. Yog tias koj txuas lub network hloov pauv hauv txoj kev no, nco ntsoov tias lub network switcher txhawb nqa "Spanning Tree Protocol" thiab qhov tshwj xeeb yog nquag. Txwv tsis pub, pob ntawv yuav tig ncig ib si ib yam li lub hub ua.

Ceeb toom

  • Tsis txhob siv tus IP ntau 127.0.0.0 txog 127.255.255.255. Cov kab no tau tshwj tseg rau kev ua haujlwm rov qab, uas yog, rov qab mus rau koj lub localhost (lub khoos phis tawj uas koj tab tom ua tam sim no).
  • Thaum cov cuab yeej uas tsis cuam tshuam rau pej xeem cov txheej txheem "hauv kev xav" tsis tas yuav ua raws txoj cai no, hauv kev coj ua DNS cov kev pabcuam thiab lwm yam software tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog kev siv chaw nyob sab nraum qhov no yog tias tsis tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb.
  • Cov kws tshaj lij Network yeej tsis hloov pauv los ntawm txoj cai no yog tias IP cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov cuab yeej sab nraud lawv tus kheej lub network, thiab tsis tshua muaj ua nyob rau ntawm cov network sib cais hauv intranet vim tsis muaj laj thawj tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw muab kev pabcuam muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv internet los ntawm IP tsis sib haum los ntawm kev tsis kam muab kev pabcuam, yog tias tus IP ntiag tug nyob sab nraud qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm rau pej xeem.
  • IANA (Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Hauv Is Taws Nem Hauv Is Taws Nem) tau tshwj tseg peb qhov thaiv ntawm IP chaw nyob hauv qab no rau cov koom tes ntiag tug: 10.0.0.0 txog 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 txog 172.31.255.255, thiab 192.168.0.0 txog 192.168.255.255
  • Teeb meem kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog software, kho vajtse, lossis tib neeg qhov teeb meem ua rau tus IP ntiag tug sab nraud qhov no tau siv rau hauv internet pej xeem. Qhov ua rau tuaj yeem yog ib yam dab tsi los ntawm lub router tsis teeb tsa kom raug rau kev sib txuas ntawm ib qho ntawm koj cov cuab yeej ncaj qha rau hauv internet lwm lub sijhawm.
  • Txog kev nyab xeeb, tsis txhob hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntiag tug uas tau faib. Ntxiv Network Chaw Txhais Lus rau lub network ntiag tug uas xa mus rau chaw nyob ntiag tug yog txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb qis thiab raug hu ua "Tus Txiv Neej Tsis Zoo's Firewall".

Pom zoo: