Tuberculosis, lossis TB, yog kab mob (feem ntau ntawm lub ntsws) uas kis tau yooj yim los ntawm huab cua thaum tus neeg muaj mob tham, luag lossis hnoos. Txawm hais tias TB tsis tshua muaj thiab kho tau zoo, koj tseem yuav tsum ua cov kauj ruam txhawm rau tiv thaiv tuberculosis hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tus kab mob TB tsis zoo (yam tsis muaj mob TB uas kis tau kwv yees li 1/3 ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb). Pib nrog Kauj Ruam 1 hauv qab no kom paub ntau ntxiv.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Zam kev kis kab mob TB
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob kis rau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob TB
Pom tseeb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob TB tsis yog nyob ib puag ncig cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob TB, uas yog kis tau zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tus kab mob TB tsis paub tab. Rau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntxiv:
- Tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntev nrog leej twg uas muaj tus kab mob TB loj, tshwj xeeb yog lawv tau txais kev kho mob tsawg dua ob lub lis piam. Tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob siv sijhawm nyob nrog cov neeg mob TB hauv chav sov thiab tsis zoo.
- Yog tias koj raug yuam kom nyob ib puag ncig cov neeg mob TB, piv txwv li yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv chaw kho kab mob TB, koj yuav tsum ntsuas kev tiv thaiv, xws li hnav lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, kom tsis txhob ua pa hauv huab cua uas muaj kab mob TB.
- Yog tias ib tus phooj ywg lossis ib tus neeg hauv tsev muaj tus kab mob TB, koj tuaj yeem pab lawv kho tus kab mob thiab txo lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cog lus nws los ntawm kev ua kom lawv ua raws cov lus qhia kev kho mob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub yog tias koj "muaj kev pheej hmoo"
Qee pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua li lwm tus. Yog tias koj yog ib tus ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob TB. Qee pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, xws li cov neeg muaj kab mob HIV lossis AIDS.
- Cov neeg nyob nrog lossis saib xyuas ib tus neeg muaj tus kab mob TB, xws li cov neeg hauv tsev neeg nyob ze lossis kws kho mob/kws saib xyuas neeg mob.
- Cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw kaw thiab muaj neeg coob xws li tsev loj cuj, tsev laus lossis tsev nyob tsis muaj tsev nyob.
- Cov neeg uas siv yeeb tshuaj thiab dej cawv, lossis cov uas tsis muaj lossis tsis muaj kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txaus.
- Cov neeg uas nyob lossis taug kev mus rau cov tebchaws uas muaj tus kab mob TB ntau, xws li cov tebchaws hauv Latin America, Africa, thiab ib feem ntawm Asia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua lub neej noj qab nyob zoo
Cov tib neeg uas muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo yuav kis tau tus kab mob TB ntau ntxiv, vim tias lawv tiv taus kab mob tsawg dua li cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj ua koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua lub neej noj qab nyob zoo.
- Noj zaub mov zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau, zaub, nplej tag nrho thiab nqaij ntshiv. Tsis txhob noj cov khoom qab zib, qab zib thiab rog.
- Qoj ntau zaus, yam tsawg 3 txog 4 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Sim ntxiv kev tawm dag zog lub plawv rau koj kev ncaws pob, xws li khiav, ua luam dej lossis caij nkoj.
- Tsis txhob haus cawv thiab haus luam yeeb lossis siv tshuaj txhaum cai.
- Txaus siab thiab pw tsaug zog zoo, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 7 thiab 8 teev ib hmo.
- Saib xyuas kev tu tus kheej thiab sim siv sijhawm ntau nyob sab nraum zoov, hauv huab cua ntshiab kom ntau li ntau tau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tau txhaj tshuaj BCG los tiv thaiv kab mob TB
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) tau siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws los pab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob TB, tshwj xeeb yog cov menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tsis tau siv dav hauv cov tebchaws xws li Tebchaws Meskas qhov chaw muaj tus kab mob tsawg thiab tus kab mob no kho tau zoo heev. Yog li, CDC lossis Asmeskas Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob tsis pom zoo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no raws li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj. CDC tsuas pom zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG rau cov pej xeem hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Thaum tus menyuam kuaj pom tus kab mob TB tsis zoo tab sis tseem yuav kis tus kabmob mus ntxiv, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas nyiam tiv taus kev kho mob.
- Thaum ib tus neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txuas ntxiv ua rau mob ntsws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas yuav tiv taus kev kho mob.
- Ua ntej mus xyuas lwm lub tebchaws uas muaj tuberculosis ntau.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Kev kuaj mob thiab kho tus kab mob TB
Kauj Ruam 1. Teem caij kuaj mob TB yog tias koj tau kis tus neeg uas muaj kab mob ntsws
Yog tias koj tsis ntev los no tau nthuav tawm rau ib tus neeg muaj tus kab mob TB thiab ntseeg tias koj yuav muaj nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim. Muaj 2 txoj hauv kev kuaj tus kab mob TB:
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Kev kuaj tawv nqaij:
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) yuav tsum tau txhaj cov tshuaj protein nruab nrab ntawm 2 thiab 8 lub lis piam tom qab ntsib nrog tus neeg muaj mob. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum rov qab 2 lossis 3 hnub tom qab rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
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Ntshav:
Txawm hais tias tsis zoo ib yam li kev kuaj tawv nqaij, kuaj ntshav TB tsuas yog yuav tsum tau mus ntsib ib zaug thiab tsawg dua yuav raug txhais tsis raug los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas tau txais koob tshuaj BCG, vim tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov raug ntawm tuberculin kuaj tawv nqaij.
- Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj mob TB zoo, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv. Tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj tus kab mob TB tsis paub (uas tsis kis tau) lossis tus kab mob TB ua ntej txuas ntxiv nrog kev kho mob. Kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab suav nrog xoo hluav taws hauv siab thiab kuaj hnoos qeev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib kho tam sim rau tus kab mob TB uas tsis paub tab
Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob TB tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.
- Txawm hais tias koj tsis hnov mob nrog tus kab mob TB tsis paub tab, thiab nws tsis kis tau, koj tseem tuaj yeem muab tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob TB tsis ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv tuberculosis los ntawm kev hloov mus ua kab mob.
- 2 txoj kev kho mob feem ntau yog: isoniazid txhua hnub lossis ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Lub sijhawm kho yog 6 lossis 9 lub hlis. Lossis rifampin txhua hnub rau 4 lub hlis.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tam sim pib kho mob TB
Yog tias koj muaj tus mob TB zoo, nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum pib kho sai li sai tau.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob TB muaj xws li hnoos, kub cev, poob phaus, qaug zog, tawm hws hmo ntuj, ua daus no thiab tsis qab los noj mov.
- Tam sim no, tus kab mob TB kho tau zoo heev nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob sib xyaw, tab sis lub sijhawm kho tuaj yeem ntev heev, feem ntau ntawm rau thiab kaum ob lub hlis.
- Cov tshuaj feem ntau siv los kho tus mob TB suav nrog tisoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), ethambutol (Myambutol) thiab pyrazinamide. Nrog tus kab mob TB nquag, koj feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj no ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj yuav tiv taus qee yam tshuaj.
- Yog tias koj ua raws cov tshuaj kom raug, koj yuav tsum pib hnov zoo li ob peb lub lis piam thiab tsis kis mob ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj ua tiav kev kho mob, txwv tsis pub TB yuav nyob hauv lub cev thiab koj tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tshuaj ntau dua.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Zam kev kis tus kab mob TB
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyob hauv tsev
Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob TB, koj yuav tsum ua cov kauj ruam txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kabmob tsis txhob kis mus rau lwm tus neeg. Koj yuav tsum nyob hauv tsev thiab tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsev kawm ntawv ob peb lub lis piam tom qab kuaj mob thiab tsis tsaug zog lossis siv sijhawm ntev nyob hauv tib chav nrog lwm tus neeg.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom cua txias hauv chav
Cov kab mob TB kis tau sai dua nyob rau hauv chav kaw nrog cua tsis nyob. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum qhib txhua lub qhov rais lossis qhov rooj kom cua nkag mus thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kaw koj lub qhov ncauj
Ib yam li thaum koj mob khaub thuas, koj yuav tsum npog koj lub qhov ncauj thaum koj hnoos, txham lossis txawm luag. Koj tuaj yeem siv koj txhais tes yog xav tau, tab sis nws zoo dua los siv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab daim npog ntsej muag
Yog tias koj yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig lwm tus neeg, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los hnav lub npog ntsej muag phais uas npog koj lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg tsawg kawg yog thawj peb lub lis piam tom qab kis mob. Qhov no pab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob kis mus rau lwm tus neeg.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua kom tiav koj txoj kev kho mob
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau koj kom ua tiav qhov kev kho mob tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob. Ua tsis tiav kev kho mob yuav ua rau cov kab mob TB muaj txoj hauv kev hloov pauv, ua rau nws tiv taus kev kho mob ntau dua, thiab yog li ua rau tuag taus ntau dua. Ua kom tiav kev kho mob yog qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws tsis yog rau koj nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj.
Ceeb toom
- Cov neeg uas tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev, kis tus kabmob HIV lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm teeb meem rau lwm qhov laj thawj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob rau LTBI.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj BCG yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txaus los txiav txim txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj BCG hauv tus menyuam hauv plab.
