Cov menyuam yaus ntshav qab zib, tseem hu ua ntshav qab zib hom 1 lossis ntshav qab zib insulin-insulin, yog kab mob uas tshwm sim thaum lub txiav txiav tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Cov tshuaj insulin yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias nws yog cov tshuaj uas tswj hwm cov piam thaj (piam thaj) hauv cov ntshav thiab pab hloov cov piam thaj mus rau hauv lub cev lub cev los tsim lub zog. Yog tias lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin, cov piam thaj nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav qab zib yuav nce. Kev siv hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tawm tsam txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoos thiab yog hom mob ntshav qab zib thaum yau tshaj plaws. Qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob ntshav qab zib rau menyuam yaus feem ntau nrawm. Cov menyuam yaus ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau kuaj pom ntxov li sai tau vim tias nws mob hnyav dhau sijhawm thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj, xws li lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, tsis nco qab, thiab txawm tias tuag.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Paub Txog Cov tsos mob thaum ntxov lossis tshwm sim
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua tib zoo saib tus menyuam nqhis dej
Kev nqhis dej ntau ntxiv (polydipsia) yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib. Qhov kev xav tias yuav tsum muaj tshwm sim ntau vim tias lub cev tab tom sim kom tag nrho cov piam thaj tawm ntawm cov ntshav vim tias nws siv tsis tau (tsis muaj insulin rau nws mus rau cov cell). Tus menyuam ib txwm hnov nqhis dej lossis haus dej ntau dua li nws cov kua dej ib txwm muaj.
- Raws li cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, cov menyuam yuav tsum haus ntawm 5–8 tsom iav hauv ib hnub. Cov menyuam yaus (hnub nyoog 5–8) haus tsawg dua (li 5 khob) thiab cov menyuam loj dua haus ntau dua (8 khob).
- Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog cov lus qhia zoo tshaj thiab tsuas yog koj paub ntau npaum li cas dej thiab lwm yam kua uas koj tus menyuam haus txhua hnub. Yog li, kev tshuaj xyuas kev nqhis dej ntau yog txheeb ze, nyob ntawm seb tus menyuam feem ntau haus ntau npaum li cas. Yog tias nws feem ntau haus txog peb khob dej thiab khob mis thaum yav tsaus ntuj, tab sis tam sim no tseem thov kom haus dej thiab lwm yam dej haus thiab haus ntau dua li ib txwm 3-4 khob haus ib txwm, koj yuav tsum txhawj xeeb.
- Tus menyuam yuav hnov nqhis dej uas tsis tuaj yeem haus tau txawm tias tom qab haus dej ntau heev. Tej zaum nws tseem pom lub cev qhuav dej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua tib zoo saib seb koj tus menyuam tso zis ntau dua li qub
Kev tso zis ntau zaus, hu ua polyuria, yog lub cev tau sim lim cov piam thaj los ntawm kev tso zis. Nws kuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqhis dej ntau ntxiv. Vim tias tus menyuam haus ntau dua, nws lub cev yuav tso zis ntau ntxiv, yog li ua kom cov zis ntau ntxiv.
- Saib kom ze dua thaum hmo ntuj thiab pom tias koj tus menyuam tso zis ntau dua li ib txwm nyob nruab nrab hmo ntuj.
- Tsis muaj tus naj npawb nruab nrab ntawm cov menyuam tso zis hauv ib hnub vim tias qhov no nyob ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab dej kom ntau thiab ntau ntxiv, yog li dab tsi yog qhov ib txwm muaj rau ib tus menyuam tsis tas yuav zoo li qub rau lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem sib piv qhov tso zis tam sim no nrog zaus dhau los. Yog hais tias feem ntau cov menyuam mus rau chav dej txog 7 zaug hauv ib hnub tab sis tam sim no nws yog 12 zaug hauv ib hnub, qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum saib xyuas lossis saib xyuas koj tus menyuam thaum tsaus ntuj. Yog tias nws tsis tau nce ntshav ua ntej tab sis tam sim no sawv los ob, peb, lossis plaub zaug ib hmo, koj yuav tsum coj nws mus rau kws kho mob kom kuaj xyuas.
- Tsis tas li, saib cov cim qhia tias koj tus menyuam lub cev qhuav dej los ntawm tso zis ntau dhau. Koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem pom qhov muag poob, lub qhov ncauj qhuav, thiab poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (sim muab cov tawv nqaij tso rau tom qab ntawm nws txhais tes, yog tias nws tsis rov qab los rau nws lub cev qub tam sim tom qab tso tawm, nws yog lub cim qhia tias lub cev qhuav dej).
- Koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tiag tiag seb koj tus menyuam pib ntub lub txaj dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog tias koj tus menyuam tau txais kev cob qhia zoo thiab tsis tau ntub lub txaj ntxiv lawm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas kom poob phaus yam tsis tau piav qhia
Cov menyuam yaus ntshav qab zib feem ntau ua rau poob phaus vim cov teeb meem hauv lub cev zom zaub mov cuam tshuam nrog cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau. Feem ntau qhov hnyav yuav poob hnyav txawm hais tias qee zaum nws tuaj yeem maj mam.
- Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem yuag yuag thiab txawm tias ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog vim yog menyuam yaus ntshav qab zib. Nco tseg tias poob ntawm cov leeg nqaij kuj feem ntau ua nrog poob phaus los ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib.
- Raws li txoj cai dav dav, kev poob phaus uas tsis tau npaj tseg yuav tsum yuav luag txhua tus tau sab laj los ntawm kws kho mob.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ceeb toom yog tias tus me nyuam tshaib plab sai sai
Kev tawg ntawm cov leeg thiab rog nrog rau qhov tsis muaj calories vim yog hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib ua rau poob lub zog thiab ua raws li kev tshaib plab nce ntxiv. Yog li, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm no. Tus me nyuam yuav poob ceeb thawj txawm tias nws qhia tau tias qab los noj mov.
- Polyphagia, lossis tshaib plab heev, tshwm sim thaum lub cev sim kom tau cov piam thaj uas cov cell xav tau los ntawm cov ntshav. Tus menyuam lub cev xav tau zaub mov ntau dua los ua kom tau txais cov piam thaj rau lub zog, tab sis nws tsis siv. Tsis muaj insulin, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas tus menyuam noj, cov piam thaj los ntawm cov zaub mov tsuas yog ntab hauv cov ntshav vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ncav tes.
- Nco tseg tias tsis muaj kev ntsuas kho mob lossis tshawb fawb los ntsuas tus menyuam txoj kev tshaib kev nqhis. Qee tus menyuam los ntawm qhov xwm noj ntau dua li lwm tus. Thov nco ntsoov tias menyuam yaus zoo li tshaib plab thaum lawv loj tuaj. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los ntsuas nws yog sib piv nrog nws tus cwj pwm qub kom pom tias nws zoo li tshaib plab ntau dua li ib txwm muaj. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tus menyuam feem ntau tau xaiv txog cov zaub mov ntawm nws lub phaj ntawm txhua pluas noj tab sis ob peb lub asthiv dhau los tau noj txhua yam uas tau txais kev pabcuam thiab tseem tau thov ntau dua, qhov no yog lub cim. Qhov nce ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis yuav tsis yog los ntawm kev loj hlob ib leeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tau nce nrog nqhis dej ntau thiab nquag mus ncig hauv chav dej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ceeb toom yog tias tus me nyuam zoo li nkees tas li
Poob cov calories thiab qabzib xav tau rau lub zog tsim khoom, nrog rau kev tawg ntawm cov rog thiab cov leeg, feem ntau yuav ua rau qaug zog thiab ua rau tus menyuam tsis nyiam ua si thiab cov haujlwm uas nws ib txwm nyiam.
- Qee zaum cov menyuam kuj ua rau chim siab thiab hloov pauv vim yog qaug zog.
- Ib yam li lwm cov tsos mob uas tau hais los saum no, koj yuav tsum ntsuas koj tus menyuam txoj kev pw tsaug zog raws li lawv cov qauv ib txwm muaj. Yog tias nws feem ntau pw 7 teev tsaus ntuj tab sis tam sim no tsaug zog 10 teev thiab tseem yws yws lossis pom tias muaj kev tsaug zog, tsaug zog, lossis tsis pom kev txawm tias tsaug zog txhua hmo, koj yuav tsum ceev faj. Tej zaum nws tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev loj hlob spurts lossis qaug zog zoo ib yam, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm ntshav qab zib.
Kauj Ruam 6. Saib yog tus menyuam yws qhov muag tsis pom kev
Cov piam thaj hauv siab hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus dej hauv lub qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag thiab ua rau lub lens ntawm lub qhov muag o, ua rau qhov muag plooj, pos huab, lossis qhov muag tsis pom kev. Yog tias koj tus menyuam yws yws txog qhov muag tsis pom, thiab cov neeg mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis pom kev txhim kho, nrog kws kho mob tham seb puas muaj tus mob los ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib.
Qhov muag plooj feem ntau tuaj yeem kho nrog ntshav qab zib kom ruaj khov
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Taug Qab Tom Qab lossis Cov tsos mob tshwm sim
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib xyuas kom muaj cov kab mob sib kis ntau dua
Cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib muaj qib qab zib thiab piam thaj ntau hauv lawv cov ntshav thiab kua paum. Qhov no yog ib puag ncig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungal uas ib txwm ua rau kis kab mob fungal. Vim li ntawd, tus menyuam feem ntau tuaj yeem tsim cov kab mob hu ua fungal ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Ua tib zoo saib yog tias tus menyuam zoo li khaus ntawm qhov chaw mos. Rau cov menyuam ntxhais, koj yuav pom tias nws tau rov kis tus kab mob hu ua paum, ua rau nws khaus thiab tsis xis nyob, nrog rau cov xim daj rau xim daj uas tsw tsw phem.
- Lwm hom kab mob hu ua fungal uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog vim yog cov menyuam yaus muaj ntshav qab zib yog dej muv, uas ua rau cov paug tawm dawb thiab ua rau tawv nqaij tawm ntawm cov ntiv taw thiab taw.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib seb puas muaj kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij rov tshwm sim
Kev rov ua dua tshiab uas tso cai rau lub cev tiv thaiv kev kis mob raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib vim tias tus kab mob ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Ib qho ntxiv, kev nce hauv cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis zoo uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kab mob kis ntawm cov tawv nqaij xws li ntuav lossis ua rau lub qhov txhab, mob txhab, thiab pus.
Lwm qhov ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij nquag yog qhov ua kom qeeb ntawm qhov txhab. Lub sijhawm rov zoo los txiav, khawb, thiab txiav me me los ntawm kev raug mob me me tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev. Saib rau ib yam dab tsi tawm ntawm qhov dog dig
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib xyuas rau vitiligo
Vitiligo yog teeb meem autoimmune uas ua rau txo qis ntawm cov tawv nqaij xim melanin. Melanin yog xim uas muab xim rau tib neeg cov plaub hau, tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag. Hauv hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo uas rhuav tshem melanin. Qhov no ua rau thaj ua rau thaj dawb.
Txawm hais tias vitiligo tshwm nyob rau theem tom ntej hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo kom tau kuaj xyuas ntshav qab zib yog tias muaj cov kab dawb pom ntawm koj tus menyuam cov tawv nqaij
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib kom ntuav lossis ua pa hnyav
Cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem nrog kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib. Yog tias koj pom koj tus menyuam ntuav lossis ua pa hnyav heev, qhov no yog qhov cim txaus ntshai thiab koj yuav tsum coj nws mus rau tom tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd txhawm rau kho.
Cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem yog lub cim ntawm ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis (DKA), uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Cov tsos mob no tshwm sim sai, qee zaum hauv 24 teev. Yog tias tsis kho, DKA tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Mus ntsib Tus Kws Kho Mob
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub thaum twg los tham nrog kws kho mob
Feem ntau, hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib tau kuaj pom thawj zaug hauv ED thaum tus menyuam raug coj mus rau qhov tsis nco qab vim yog ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis (DKA). Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem kho nrog kua thiab insulin, kev tiv thaiv tseem zoo dua los ntawm kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib. Tsis txhob tos tus menyuam tsis nco qab vim tias DKA tsuas yog tom qab ntawv lees paub qhov kev iab liam. Coj koj tus menyuam mus kuaj tam sim!
Cov tsos mob uas xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd suav nrog tsis qab los, xeev siab lossis ntuav, lub cev kub, mob plab, tsis hnov tsw tsw ntxhiab (nws tsis hnov tsw tab sis lwm tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau)
Kauj Ruam 2. Mus ntsib kws kho mob kom kuaj mob
Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1, mus kuaj mob sai li sai tau. Txhawm rau kuaj mob ntshav qab zib, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav los ntsuas seb muaj piam thaj ntau npaum li cas hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav. Muaj ob qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas tuaj yeem ua tiav, uas yog kuaj ntshav hemoglobin thiab kuaj ntshav qabzib lossis nrawm.
- Kev ntsuas glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Qhov kev ntsuas no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus menyuam cov ntshav qab zib nyob rau ob lossis peb lub hlis dhau los los ntsuas qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntshav qab zib uas khi rau hemoglobin. Hemoglobin yog cov protein uas nqa cov pa oxygen hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov ntau dua ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam, muaj zog ua kom cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv rau hemoglobin. Ib qib ntawm 6.5% lossis siab dua ntawm ob qhov kev ntsuas yog qhov qhia txog ntshav qab zib. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog tus qauv ntsuas ntsuas ntshav qab zib, kho, thiab tshawb fawb.
- Ntshav qab zib ntsuas. Hauv qhov kev sim no, tus kws kho mob siv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntshav. Txawm hais tias tus menyuam nyuam qhuav tau noj lossis tsis noj, qhov ntsuas ntshav qab zib hauv ntshav ntawm 200 milligrams ib deciliter (mg/dL) yog qhov qhia txog ntshav qab zib tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txiav txim siab ua ke nrog cov tsos mob saum toj no. Cov kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav txiav txim siab kuaj ntshav tom qab nug tus menyuam kom yoo mov hmo ntuj. Hauv qhov kev ntsuas no, qib ntshav qab zib ntawm 100 txog 125 mg/dL qhia txog kev mob ntshav qab zib, thaum cov ntshav qab zib qib 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) lossis siab dua ob zaug qhia tias tus menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib.
- Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj zis kom paub tseeb hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib. Qhov muaj ketones hauv cov zis, uas los ntawm kev zom cov rog hauv lub cev, yog qhov qhia txog hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, tsis zoo li hom 2.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tau txais kev kuaj mob thiab lees txais txoj kev kho mob
Thaum qhov kev xeem tiav, tus kws kho mob yuav siv cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov txheej txheem kho mob los kuaj mob ntshav qab zib. Tom qab mob ntshav qab zib, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob kom txog thaum nws cov ntshav qab zib nyob ruaj khov. Tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab hom insulin zoo rau koj tus menyuam thiab qhov koob tshuaj raug. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws endocrinologist, tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv cov teeb meem hormonal, txhawm rau tswj hwm koj tus menyuam txoj kev saib xyuas.
- Thaum tsim txoj kev kho tshuaj insulin rau koj tus menyuam hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib tau tsim, koj yuav tsum teem sijhawm kuaj xyuas koj tus menyuam txhua ob peb lub hlis kom rov ua cov kev ntsuas tib yam li saum toj no kom ntseeg tau tias nws cov ntshav qab zib tau zoo.
- Tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj mob ko taw thiab qhov muag tas li vim cov tsos mob ntawm kev tswj ntshav qab zib tsis txaus feem ntau pom thawj zaug hauv ob qho tib si.
- Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob ntshav qab zib, thev naus laus zis thiab kev kho mob tau tsim tawm kom deb txaus uas feem ntau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 tuaj yeem ua neej nyob zoo siab thiab noj qab nyob zoo thaum lawv paub yuav kho nws li cas.
Lub tswv yim
- Thov nco ntsoov tias hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib lossis yam uas yav tas los paub tias yog menyuam yaus ntshav qab zib tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov thiab hnyav.
- Yog tias tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm (xws li kwv tij, muam, txiv, txiv, niam) muaj ntshav qab zib, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug txij li hnub nyoog 5-10 xyoos kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis muaj ntshav qab zib.
Ceeb toom
- Vim tias muaj ntau cov tsos mob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib (tsis qab los noj mov, nqhis dej, tshaib plab) yog menyuam yaus-rau-menyuam txheeb ze, peb feem ntau hla lawv. Yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam tab tom qhia cov tsos mob lossis ua ke ntawm cov tsos mob no, coj nws mus rau kws kho mob tam sim.
- Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov, kev kho mob, thiab kev tswj ntshav qab zib hom 1 yog qhov tseem ceeb heev txhawm rau txo txoj hauv kev muaj teeb meem hnyav, xws li mob plawv, puas paj hlwb, dig muag, lub raum puas, thiab txawm tias tuag.
