Raws li Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, lo lus "plagiarize" tuaj yeem txhais tau tias siv lwm tus neeg lub tswv yim, ua haujlwm lossis lus raws li koj tus kheej, lossis siv cov tswv yim ntawd, ua haujlwm lossis cov lus yam tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Koj tuaj yeem zam ob qho no los ntawm kev muab nqi zog rau tus neeg tsim nyog. Muaj peb txoj kev citation, APA, MLA, thiab CMS.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Kev hais nqe lus hauv APA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov ntawv sau hauv kab lus
Muab cov kab ntawv sib dhos nrog cov lus hais kom tsim nyog hauv lawv tom qab cov khoom siv hais los. APA style siv cov lus sau hnub tim. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog tias koj sau lub npe ntawm tus sau uas koj siv, koj yuav tsum suav nrog lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm tom qab nws nyob hauv kab lus.
Piv txwv: Smith (2013) hais tias kev hais nqe lus yog qhov nyuaj
Kauj Ruam 2. Hais tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrog ib tus sau
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm suav nrog cov phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, thiab lwm yam. Tus sau lub xeem, xyoo tshaj tawm, thiab tus naj npawb nplooj ntawv (sau luv li 'p.') Yuav tsum tshwm nyob rau hauv kab lus tom qab qhov hais tawm. Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe hauv koj kab lus, lub npe yuav tsum ua raws xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv kab lus thiab cov ntawv yuav tsum ua raws tus lej nplooj ntawv. Ua raws cov txheej txheem ib yam yog tias phau ntawv muaj ntau dua 1 tus neeg sau.
- Hauv nws phau ntawv, nws hais tias, "cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev hais tawm nqe lus," (Smith, 2002, p. 32) tab sis tsis muaj lus piav qhia vim li cas qhov no thiaj li tshwm sim.
- Smith (2002) tau hais tias, "cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav muaj teeb meem txog kev hais nqe lus," (p.32) tab sis tsis tau piav qhia tias yog vim li cas qhov no thiaj li tshwm sim.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb phau ntawv nrog ntau tus kws sau ntawv
Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub xeem, xyoo tshaj tawm, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv.
Piv txwv los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv: Hauv nws phau ntawv, tus sau hais tias "hais cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg" (Hu, Koller, and Shier, 2013, p. 75). (Los yog: Hu, Koller thiab Shier (2013) hais tias "hais cov lus tsis txaus siab" (p.75))
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm yam tsis paub tus sau lub npe
Hloov chaw ntawm kev siv tus sau lub npe rau hauv cov ntawv sau, siv lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tom qab hnub tim.
Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb, nws tau txiav txim siab tias "lub ntuj yog qhov tseeb xiav" ("Pom Kev Pom Zoo," 2013)
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb ib nplooj ntawv web
Yog tias ua tau, hais tawm cov nplooj ntawv web zoo li lwm yam ntaub ntawv, siv tus qauv sau hnub tim. Yog tias tsis muaj tus sau lub npe lossis hnub tim, siv cov ntawv luv ntawm lub vev xaib npe hauv kab lus, tom qab ntawd n.d (uas sawv rau "tsis muaj hnub tim"). Yog tias lub vev xaib tsis muaj tus lej nplooj ntawv, qhia seb pawg lus twg koj tab tom hais los ntawm kev sau 'para.' (Uas sawv cev rau kab lus) ua raws tus lej kab lus.
Piv txwv: Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias “huab tau dawb” (“Muaj Kev Pom Zoo Tshaj Plaws,” nd, nqe 7)
Kauj Ruam 6. Hais txog kev sib tham lossis kev xam phaj
Kev sib txuas lus tus kheej xws li email thiab xam phaj tsis suav tias yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv, yog li lawv tsis tas yuav raug kaw hauv cov npe siv thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm. Suav tag nrho cov lus hais hauv kab lus, tso lawv kom ze li sai tau rau cov lus hais: lub npe ntawm koj qhov chaw, hom kev sib txuas lus, hnub sib tham.
Hauv cov lus, nws tau teev tseg tias "ntuj yog qhov tseeb xiav" (John Smith, email, Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013)
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsim daim ntawv teev npe
Nov yog qhov uas koj teev tag nrho koj cov peev txheej uas koj tau hais hauv koj kab lus. Sau koj cov neeg ua tim khawv raws tus lej. Nco ntsoov nkag mus 1½ ntiv tes los ntawm sab laug ntawm tag nrho kab tom qab thawj kab.
- Rau cov phau ntawv uas muaj 1 lossis ntau tus sau: Lub xeem, thawj lub npe (xyoo hauv kab lus). Phau ntawv npe. Qhov chaw: Publisher. (Piv txwv ntawm 1 tus sau: Sinclair, UB (1906). The Jungle. New York, NY: Doubleday, Pages & Company. Piv txwv ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv: Hu, CA, Koller, KO, and Shier, MD (2013). Phau ntawv txog Cov Khoom. San Francisco, CA: Qee Tus Publisher.)
- Rau phau ntawv tsis muaj tus sau: Phau Ntawv Npe. (Xyoo). Qhov chaw: Publisher. (Piv txwv: Phau Ntawv tsis muaj Tus Sau. (2013). San Francisco, CA: Qee Tus Publisher.)
- Rau nplooj ntawv web: Lub xeem, A. A. (Hnub tshaj tawm). Cov ntaub ntawv npe. Tau txais los ntawm lub vev xaib. Yog tias tsis muaj hnub tim, siv n.d. Yog tias tsis muaj tus sau, pib nrog daim ntawv npe thiab (hnub tim). (Piv txwv: “Ntuj yog Blue.” (2013). Tau los ntawm www.blahobservationsblah.com.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Txheeb Cov Lus Cim hauv MLA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab cov lus sib dhos, hauv kab ntawv sau kom sai li sai tau tom qab koj hais tawm
Yuav ua li cas koj ua cov lus piav qhia nyob ntawm seb koj siv cov peev txheej twg.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim cov lus hauv kab lus rau kev tshaj tawm nrog cov kws sau paub (phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm)
Muab lo lus lossis kab lus (tus sau lub npe) thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv. Yog tias koj tab tom hais lo lus lossis kab lus hauv kab lus, koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv nws rau hauv cov ntawv sau.
- Cov tib neeg uas ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom nqaij hauv Chicago thaum lub xyoo pua "tau raug khi rau lub tshuab qhwv, thiab khi rau nws rau lub neej" (Sinclair, 99).
- Upton Sinclair hais tias cov neeg uas ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom nqaij hauv Chicago yog "khi rau lub tshuab qhwv, thiab khi rau nws rau lub neej" (99).
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua cov ntawv sau los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv
Yog tias muaj peb lossis tsawg tus sau, sau txhua tus kws sau ntawv lub xeem lub npe nyob rau hauv cov ntawv raws tus lej hauv qab los ntawm tus lej nplooj ntawv. Yog tias muaj ntau dua peb tus kws sau ntawv, sau lub xeem lub npe ntawm thawj tus neeg sau ua tus ntawv, ua raws li et. al thiab nplooj ntawv naj npawb.
- Peb lossis tsawg tus sau: Tus sau hais tias, "hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg" (Hu, Koller, thiab Shier 45).
- Ntau tshaj peb tus kws sau ntawv: Tus sau hais tias, "hais txog qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsis meej pem" (Perhamus li al. 63).
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua ib nqe lus hauv kab ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tsis paub sau
Siv cov npe ua haujlwm luv los hloov tus sau lub npe.
Yog tias koj hais los ntawm Yuav Ua Li Cas Cite zoo li tus yeej thiab zoo dua li Lwm Tus Kws Sau Ntawv, koj cov lus hauv kab ntawv yuav yog: hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg vim tias nws yog "siv sijhawm" (Cite zoo li yog tus yeej 72)
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsim cov ntawv sau hauv kab ntawv rau nplooj ntawv web
Sau tus sau lub vev xaib, lub npe lub vev xaib, lossis lub npe ntawm kab lus hauv kab lus. Koj tsis tas yuav muab tus lej nplooj.
Yog tias koj saib ntawm lub vev xaib hu ua Pom Kev Pom Zoo: Lub ntuj yog xiav tab sis "huab tau dawb" (Pom Kev Pom Zoo)
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim cov lus sau hauv kab lus rau kev xam phaj lossis kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej
Sau thawj qhov uas tshwm los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov peev txheej ntawm nplooj ntawv Ua Haujlwm -feem ntau yog lub xeem ntawm lub hauv paus.
Yog tias koj tau txais email los ntawm ib tus neeg npe hu ua John Smith: email email lees paub tias "lub ntuj yog xiav tiag tiag" (Smith)
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsim Ib Nplooj Ntawv Ua Haujlwm Hauv Nroog
Nov yog qhov chaw uas koj teev tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau txhua qhov chaw koj hais hauv koj kab lus. Koj yuav tsum sau koj cov peev txheej raws tus lej.
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas phau ntawv nrog 1 tus sau: Xeem, Lub Npe. Phau ntawv npe. Lub Nroog Luam Tawm: Publisher, Xyoo Luam Tawm. Kev Tshaj Tawm Xov Xwm. (Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906. Luam tawm.
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas phau ntawv nrog ntau tus kws sau ntawv: Lub xeem, Lub npe ntawm thawj tus niam ntawv sau, tom qab ntawd lub npe, lub xeem ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas tseem tshuav. Phau ntawv npe. Lub Nroog Luam Tawm: Tus Sau, Xyoo Luam Tawm. Kev Tshaj Tawm Xov Xwm. (Hu, Carol, Kat Koller, thiab Marie Shier. Phau ntawv hais txog khoom. San Francisco: Qee tus Publisher, 2013. Luam tawm.
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas phau ntawv nrog tus sau tsis paub: Lub Npe Ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm. Lub Nroog Luam Tawm: Publisher, Xyoo Luam Tawm. Kev Tshaj Tawm Xov Xwm. (Phau Ntawv tsis muaj Tus Sau. San Francisco: Qee Tus Publisher, 2013. Luam tawm.
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub vev xaib: "Lub Npe Tshooj." Lub Npe Lub Npe Lub npe ntawm lub koom haum/koom haum cuam tshuam nrog nplooj ntawv (tus txhawb nqa lossis tshaj tawm), hnub tim ntawm qhov chaw yuav khoom (yog tias muaj-yog tias tsis yog, muab nd) Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm. Hnub nkag. (Piv txwv li, “Blah Citing Quotes Blah.” Citings R 'Us. Sau Corporation, nd Web. 23 Lub Yim Hli 2013.)
- Txhawm rau xam tus kheej xam phaj: Xeem, lub npe thawj tus neeg xam phaj. Kev xam phaj tus kheej Hnub tim. (Upadhye, Neeti. Kev xam phaj tus kheej. 23 Lub Yim Hli 2013.)
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev xam phaj: Lub xeem, lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus. Tham nrog lub npe ntawm tus peev txheej. Kev tshaj tawm lossis cov haujlwm (xyoo): tus lej nplooj ntawv yog tsim nyog. Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm. (Doe, John. Tham nrog Jane Doe. Good Morning Moon (2013). Xov tooj cua.)
- Txhawm rau hais cov lus ntiag tug: Xeem, tus xa npe thawj zaug. "Xov Xwm Title." Xov xwm Hnub tim. (Perhamus, Cody. "Hais txog koj cov lus nug txog saum ntuj." Email rau tus sau. 23 Aug 2013.)
Quotes Quotes nrog CMS
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Siv CMS yog tias koj nyiam tsim cov ntawv hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus kom hais hauv cov ntawv. CMS yog qhov zoo rau kev sau txog kev tshawb fawb thiab sau ntawv nrog ntau qhov chaw thiab kev hais tawm.
Thov rau Entrepreneurial Grant Step 3 -
Txiav txim siab seb puas yuav siv tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus. Tom qab txhua kab lus hauv kab lus, koj yuav tsum ntxiv tus lej me me hais los saum toj no. (nws yuav zoo li no.^1) Txhua tus lej tus lej sau sib luag rau tus lej hauv qab lossis tus lej xaus. Cov ntawv hauv qab tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv qab ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv thiab suav tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg rau cov haujlwm uas koj tau hais tseg. Cov lus xaus tshwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm koj qhov kev sau ntawv, zoo ib yam li Cov Haujlwm Cited nplooj ntawv saib, tab sis cov lus xaus tau muab sib txawv. (Qhov sib txawv yuav piav qhia hauv cov theem hauv qab no.)
Tau Txais Txoj Haujlwm Ceev 1 -
Ua cov kab lus hauv kab lus. Tsis muaj teeb meem ntev npaum li cas cov ntawv citation, muab tus lej me me tom qab txhua qhov citation. Tus lej no yuav raug raws tus lej hauv qab uas tshwm rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Nkag Mus Rau Hauv Stanford Kauj Ruam 13 -
- Tus txiv neej uas ua haujlwm hauv tsev nqaij hauv Chicago thaum lub xyoo pua tig "tau raug khi rau lub tshuab qhwv, thiab rau nws txoj sia."^1
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Ua tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus. Ob leeg tau teeb tsa tib txoj kev. Yog tias koj xaiv siv tus lej hauv qab, tso rau lawv hauv qab nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv sau luv. Tsuas yog sau tus lej hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv qhov txuas kab lus superscript yog. Koj yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv hauv qab rau txhua tus ntawv sau uas koj siv. Yog tias koj xaiv siv cov lus xaus, tso lawv rau ntawm nplooj ntawv cais nyob hauv qab nqe lus 'Cov Lus Cim' tom qab ntawm koj qhov kev sau ntawv. Koj yuav tsum muaj qhov kawg rau txhua tus ntawv sau uas koj siv.
Hais txog Quran Kauj Ruam 8 -
Ua cov lej hauv qab/cov lus xaus rau cov lus txiav tawm ntawm cov phau ntawv. Koj yuav tsum sau npe: tus sau lub npe thiab lub xeem, Phau Ntawv Teev Npe (Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Tus tshaj tawm: Xyoo luam tawm), tus lej nplooj ntawv.
Sau Tsab Ntawv Rau Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Kauj Ruam 8 - Piv txwv ntawm kab lus hauv kab lus: Tus txiv neej uas ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev nqaij hauv Chicago thaum lub xyoo pua tig "tau khi rau lub tshuab qhwv, thiab rau nws rau lub neej."^1
- Piv txwv ntawm cov lej hauv qab lossis cov ntawv sau hauv qab: Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (Doubleday, Page & Company: 1906), 99.
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Tsim cov lej hauv qab/cov lus xaus rau nplooj ntawv web los ntawm is taws nem. Koj yuav tsum sau npe: Lub Npe Lub Npe, "WebPage Title," Lub Koom Haum Tshaj Tawm lossis Lub Npe Lub Vev Xaib hauv cov ntawv qaij, hnub tshaj tawm thiab/lossis hnub nkag tau yog tias muaj. Yog tias lub vev xaib tsis muaj tus sau lub npe, sau: "WebPage Title," Lub Koom Haum Tshaj Tawm lossis Lub Npe Lub Vev Xaib hauv cov ntawv qaij, hnub tshaj tawm thiab/lossis hnub nkag tau yog tias muaj, URL.
Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 16 - Piv txwv rau nplooj ntawv web nrog sau lub npe: John Doe, "Citing Sources," Organization of Writing Fanatics, hloov kho zaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013, www.blahcitingblahblah.com (Nco tseg-qhov no yog qhov khoom cuav.)
- Piv txwv rau lub vev xaib yam tsis muaj tus sau lub npe: "Citing Sources," Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv Fanatics, hloov kho zaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013, www.blahcitingblahblah.com (Nco tseg-qhov no yog qhov khoom siv dag zog.)
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Tsim cov lej hauv qab/cov lus xaus rau kev xam phaj lossis kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej. Txog kev xam phaj tsis tau tshaj tawm, sau: Lub npe ntawm tus neeg muaj peev xwm, (kev ua haujlwm) hauv kev sib tham nrog tus neeg siv khoom, hnub tim. Txog kev xam phaj tshaj tawm, sau: Lub npe ntawm tus neeg muaj peev xwm, xam phaj los ntawm Lub Npe ntawm tus xam phaj, Lub Tuam Txhab lossis Lub Koom Haum, hnub tim. Rau kev sib tham ntiag tug, sau npe: Npe, hom kev sib txuas lus, hnub tim.
Sau Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Pab Kauj Ruam 7 - Kev xam phaj tsis tau tshaj tawm: John Doe, (tshuab raj) hauv kev sib tham nrog tus sau, Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013.
- Tshaj tawm kev xam phaj: John Doe, xam phaj los ntawm Jane Doe, Nkauj Lover, Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013.
- Kev sib txuas lus tus kheej: John Doe, email rau tus sau, Lub Yim Hli 23, 2013.
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Tsim Cov Haujlwm Cited lossis Cov Ntawv Teev Npe. Nov yog qhov kev xaiv - xa mus rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau seb koj puas xav tau cov haujlwm raug suav lossis cov phau ntawv sau keeb kwm. Lub npe nplooj ntawv 'Ua Haujlwm Cited' yog tias koj tsuas yog sau cov peev txheej uas koj tau hais hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv. Lub npe nplooj ntawv 'Cov Ntawv Teev Npe' yog tias koj teev cov haujlwm uas koj siv hauv koj qhov kev tshawb fawb uas koj tsis tau hais tawm, nrog rau cov haujlwm koj tau hais hauv koj kab lus. Sau tag nrho cov haujlwm hauv tus lej. Txhawm rau sau npe cov ntaub ntawv, ua raws cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom ntawm qhov chaw koj siv (teev hauv qab no):
Txais Yuam Kev thiab Kawm Los Ntawm Lawv Kauj Ruam 6 - Rau cov phau ntawv nrog ib tus sau: Xeem, Lub Npe. Phau ntawv npe. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Publisher, Xyoo luam tawm.
- Rau cov phau ntawv nrog 2 tus sau: Xeem, Lub Npe thiab Lub Xeem, Lub Npe. Phau ntawv npe. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Publisher, Xyoo luam tawm.
- Tau qhov twg los tsis paub tus sau: Phau Ntawv Npe. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Publisher, Xyoo luam tawm.
- Nplooj ntawv web nrog tus sau: Xeem, Lub npe. "Webpage Title." Lub Koom Haum Tshaj Tawm lossis Lub Vev Xaib Lub Npe yog cov ntawv qaij. Hnub tshaj tawm thiab/lossis hnub nkag tau yog tias muaj. URLs.
- Lub vev xaib tsis muaj tus sau: "Lub Npe Ntawm nplooj ntawv." Lub Koom Haum Tshaj Tawm lossis Lub Vev Xaib Lub Npe yog cov ntawv qaij. Hnub tshaj tawm thiab/lossis hnub nkag tau yog tias muaj. URLs.
- Kev xam phaj luam tawm: Lub xeem, Lub npe ntawm tus neeg xam phaj, qhov chaw uas tau xam phaj, los ntawm lub npe thiab lub xeem ntawm tus neeg xam phaj, hnub tim.
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/
- https://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-book-no-author.aspx
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/07/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
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https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/07/
