Qhov feem pua muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov molecule yog qhov feem pua ntawm txhua lub hauv paus rau nws cov khoom hnyav. Qhov feem pua ntawm ib feem hauv cov khoom sib xyaw tau hais tawm raws li qhov sib piv ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw molecular ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm 100%. Qhov no suab nyuab, tab sis nrhiav qhov feem pua feem ntau yog qhov txheej txheem yooj yim!
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Nkag Siab Lub Hauv Paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog atoms
Atom yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom, uas muaj cov protons, neutrons, thiab electrons. Cov no yog cov khoom xyaw yooj yim ntawm txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig koj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag siab txog cov lwg me me
Cov lwg me me yog cov pab pawg tsis muaj hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, suav nrog ob lossis ntau lub atoms, uas tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas.
Piv txwv li, dej tau tsim los ntawm H2O molecules. Txhua tus qauv dej muaj ob lub atoms hydrogen, uas yog sib txuas ua ke rau ib qho pa oxygen
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag siab txog moles
Mole yog ib chav ntsuas uas siv los nthuav qhia cov tshuaj hauv cov qauv. Lub mole tau txhais raws li tus nqi ntawm ib yam khoom twg uas muaj 6.02 x10^23 cov koom haum yooj yim. Siv moles ua ib txoj hauv kev los qhia qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj.
6.02 x 10^23, uas yog kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv 12 grams ntawm cov pa roj carbon, tseem hu ua "Avogadro's Number"
Kauj Ruam 4. Nkag siab txog cov tshuaj sib xyaw
Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw yog cov khoom siv tshuaj dawb huv uas muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Dej, uas muaj H2O molecules, yog tshuaj lom neeg
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab txog atomic mass
Atomic loj yog qhov loj ntawm cov atomic particles, sub-atomic particles, lossis molecules. Qhov hnyav atomic tau qhia hauv grams ib mole (g/mol).
Nco tseg tias atomic loj sib txawv los ntawm qhov hnyav atomic thiab tshwj xeeb yog hais txog tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho me me, cov khoom me me atomic particle, lossis cov molecule thaum so
Kauj Ruam 6. Nkag siab txog cov tshuaj molecular
Molecular loj yog qhov loj ntawm ib qho molecule. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov hnyav ntawm cov molecular yog qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm txhua tus neeg atoms uas ua rau muab cov molecule.
Zoo li atomic loj, cov khoom hnyav sib txawv yog txawv ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Xam Pawg Feem Pua
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib xyaw
Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum suav qhov feem pua ntawm citric acid, C6H8O7, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no yog carbon (C), hydrogen (H), thiab oxygen (O)
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau qhov hnyav atomic ntawm txhua tus neeg
Siv cov ntawv teev caij nyoog los nrhiav cov lej no. Feem ntau, atomic loj yog hauv qab lub cim atomic, hauv g/mol.
Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, koj yuav nco ntsoov tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon yog 12.01 g/mol, atomic loj ntawm hydrogen yog 1.00 g/mol, thiab atomic loj ntawm cov pa yog 15.99 g/mol
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov kev pab loj ntawm txhua qhov hauv koj qhov chaw
Qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus lub sijhawm cov lej ntawm cov atoms hauv cov khoom, hauv ib qho molecule ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Cov lej me sau rau hauv qab tom qab txhua lub cim atomic, qhia tus lej ntawm atoms ntawm cov khoom ntawd hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.
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Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, nco qab tias txhua lub hauv paus ntawm koj cov khoom sib xyaw muaj 6 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, thiab 7 oxygen atoms. Yog li, koj yuav suav qhov kev pab loj ntawm lub hauv paus raws li qhia hauv daim duab.
Cov pa roj carbon pab: 6 x 12.01 g/mol
Kev pab loj ntawm hydrogen: 8 x 1.00 g/mol = 8.00 g/mol
Kev pab loj ntawm cov pa: 7 x 15.99 g/mol = 111.93 g/mol
Kauj Ruam 4. Xam tag nrho cov khoom hnyav ntawm koj cov khoom sib xyaw
Tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw molecular ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, qhia tias yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev koom tes pab pawg ntawm cov tib neeg cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov hnyav tag nrho no sawv cev rau qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho molecule.
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Hauv qhov ua piv txwv saum toj no, xam koj cov lej tag nrho cov molecular raws li hauv qab no:
Molecular pawg ntawm C6H8O7 = 72.06 g/mol + 8.00 g/mol + 111.93 g/mol = 191.99 g/mol
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav pawg feem pua muaj pes tsawg leeg
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tau qhia raws li qhov sib piv ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, sib npaug 100%.
