Yuav Lej Li Npaum Li Cas Feem Pua: 13 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: Jason Gerald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 11:14

Pawg feem pua yog feem pua ntawm txhua lub hauv paus tshuaj lom neeg. Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov feem pua hnyav, peb xav tau cov molar hnyav ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw hauv grams/mol, lossis qhov hnyav hauv grams siv los daws qhov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov feem pua loj tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim siv cov qauv yooj yim los ntawm kev faib cov pawg ntawm cov khoom (lossis daws) los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov sib xyaw (lossis daws).

Kauj ruam

Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Txheeb Xyuas Qhov Feem Pua Yog Yog Pawg Neeg Paub Cov Tshuaj

Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab qhov feem pua sib npaug rau cov khoom

Cov mis yooj yim rau qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom yog: pawg feem pua = (pawg ntawm cov khoom/tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw) x 100. Koj yuav tsum muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev faib los ntawm 100 qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev suav los qhia tus nqi hauv feem pua.

Sau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov pib ntawm txhua nqe lus nug: pawg feem pua = (pawg ntawm cov khoom/tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw) x 100.
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj koj tab tom nrhiav yog qhov paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov teeb meem. Yog tias tsis muab, nyeem ntu tom ntej los daws teeb meem uas tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tau suav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pawg ntawm txhua yam tshuaj uas ua rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw lossis tshuaj.

Kauj Ruam 2. Xam tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov sib xyaw

Yog tias koj paub txhua pawg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw lossis cov sib xyaw, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ntxiv lawv kom tau txais tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov sib xyaw lossis cov tshuaj. Tus lej no yuav yog tus faib hauv qhov feem pua suav.

Piv txwv 1: Qhov feem pua ntawm 5 g ntawm sodium hydroxide yaj hauv 100 g dej?

Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov sib xyaw yog qhov hnyav ntawm sodium hydroxide ntxiv rau cov dej, uas yog: 100 g + 5 g = 105 g
Piv txwv 2: Dab tsi ntawm cov tshuaj sodium chloride xav tau los ua 175 g ntawm 15% daws?

Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, tag nrho qhov hnyav thiab qhov feem pua tau muab rau hauv qhov teeb meem, tab sis koj raug nug kom pom qhov ntau ntawm cov kuab tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv kev daws teeb meem nrog tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm 175 g

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj hauv nqe lus nug

Thaum nug kom nrhiav "pawg feem pua", koj yuav tsum pom qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb (uas tau nug hauv qhov teeb meem) raws li feem pua piv rau tag nrho cov pawg ntawm tag nrho nws cov cheeb tsam. Sau qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lo lus nug. Qhov hnyav no yuav yog tus lej ntawm qhov feem pua suav.

Piv txwv 1: qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lo lus nug yog 5 g ntawm sodium hydroxide.
Piv txwv 2: hauv qhov piv txwv no, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj koj tab tom nrhiav tsis paub thiab koj yuav tsum suav nws.

Kauj Ruam 4. Plug cov paub paub sib txawv rau qhov sib npaug feem pua sib npaug

Tom qab txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, ntsaws lawv tag nrho rau hauv kab zauv.

Piv txwv 1: feem pua = = pawg tshuaj muaj yees/tag nrho cov tshuaj sib xyaw) x 100 = (5 g/105 g) x 100.
Piv txwv 2: hauv qhov teeb meem no, peb yuav tsum hloov qhov kev sau ntawm qhov feem pua sib npaug kom pom qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis paub tias yog: huab hwm coj tshuaj = = (pawg feem pua*tag nrho cov pawg sib xyaw)/100 = (15*175))/100 ib.

Kauj Ruam 5. Xam qhov feem pua ntau

Tam sim no hais tias qhov kev ua zauv tau suav nrog cov neeg, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog ua tiav qhov suav feem pua. Faib qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd sib npaug los ntawm 100. Qhov kev suav no yuav muab rau koj ib feem pua ntawm cov khoom.

Piv txwv 1: (5/105) x 100 = 0.04761 x 100 = 4.761%. Yog li, qhov feem pua ntawm 5 g ntawm sodium hydroxide yaj hauv 100 g dej yog 4.761%.
Piv txwv 2: Hloov kev sau cov kab zauv los suav qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rau (feem pua hnyav*tag nrho cov tshuaj sib xyaw)/100: (15*175)/100 = (2625)/100 = 26.25 grams sodium chloride.

Cov dej uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv yog qhov hnyav tag nrho rho tawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom, uas yog: 175 - 26, 25 = 148, 75 grams dej

Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Kev daws qhov Feem Pua Qhov Teeb Meem Yog Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntshai ntawm Cov Khoom Loj

Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab qhov feem pua ntawm ib feem

Cov mis yooj yim rau qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom yog: pawg feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm cov khoom/tag nrho cov khoom hnyav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw) x 100. Cov molar hnyav ntawm cov khoom yog qhov hnyav ntawm ib mole ntawm cov khoom, thaum cov molecular pawg yog qhov hnyav ntawm 1 mole ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Koj yuav tsum sib npaug qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm 100 qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev suav los qhia qhov txiaj ntsig hauv feem pua.

Sau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov pib ntawm txhua nqe lus nug: qhov feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm ib lub caij/tag nrho cov pawg loj ntawm cov sib xyaw) x 100.
Ob tus lej no tau hais tawm hauv grams ib mole (g/mol).
Thaum qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tsis muab rau hauv qhov teeb meem, feem pua ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem pom siv nws cov pos hniav.
Piv txwv 1: Nrhiav qhov feem pua ntawm hydrogen hauv ib qho dej molecule.
Piv txwv 2: Nrhiav qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv ib cov piam thaj molecule.

Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov tshuaj formula

Yog tias cov tshuaj lom neeg rau cov tshuaj tsis muab rau hauv qhov teeb meem, koj yuav tsum sau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muab rau hauv qhov teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no, thiab txav mus rau qhov "pom qhov hnyav ntawm txhua ntu" kauj ruam.

Piv txwv 1: sau tshuaj lom tshuaj rau dej, H.₂O.
Piv txwv 2: sau cov tshuaj lom rau piam thaj, C₆H₁₂O₆.

Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm txhua qhov hauv cov khoom sib xyaw

Nrhiav qhov hnyav atomic ntawm txhua lub hauv paus hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov lus teev sijhawm. Qhov loj ntawm ib lub hauv paus feem ntau tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv nws cov cim tshuaj. Sau qhov hnyav ntawm txhua qhov hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.

Piv txwv 1: nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa (15.9994), thiab qhov hnyav ntawm hydrogen (1.0079).
Piv txwv 2: nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon (12, 0107), oxygen (15, 9994), thiab hydrogen (1, 0079).

Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov pawg sib npaug los ntawm qhov sib piv mole ntawm cov sib xyaw

Tshawb nrhiav seb muaj pes tsawg moles (piv piv) txhua lub hauv paus yog tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib piv ntawm mole tau qhia tawm hauv cov lej me hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Muab cov atomic loj ntawm txhua lub ntsiab los ntawm nws cov lej sib piv.

Piv txwv 1: hauv cov dej molecule, muaj 2 hydrogen atoms thiab 1 oxygen atom. Yog li, muab cov atomic loj ntawm hydrogen los ntawm 2 (1,00794 X 2 = 2,01588), thiab cia cov pa oxygen nyob ntawm 15,9994 (vim nws tau muab tus lej 1).
Piv txwv 2: hauv cov piam thaj molecule, muaj 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, thiab 6 oxygen atoms. Sib npaug txhua lub caij los ntawm nws tus lej atomic:
- Cov pa roj carbon (12, 0107*6) = 72, 0642
- Hydrogen (1, 00794*12) = 12, 09528
- Cov pa (15, 9994*6) = 95, 9964

Kauj Ruam 5. Xam tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov sib xyaw

Ntxiv tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus uas ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw. Siv qhov hnyav suav nrog siv tus lej sib piv, koj tuaj yeem paub qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Tus lej no yuav yog tus faib hauv qhov feem pua sib npaug.

Piv txwv 1: ntxiv 2,01588 g/mol (qhov hnyav ntawm 2 moles ntawm hydrogen atoms) los ntawm 15,9994 g/mol (qhov hnyav ntawm ib mole ntawm oxygen atoms) rau 18.01528 g/mol.
Piv txwv 2: ntxiv txhua qhov suav qhov molar mass: carbon + hydrogen + oxygen = 72, 0642 + 12, 09528 + 95, 9964 = 180, 156 g/mol.

Kauj Ruam 6. Txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv nqe lus nug

Thaum nug kom nrhiav "pawg feem pua," koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau hais tawm raws li feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pawg ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus uas ua rau nws nce. Txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv nqe lus nug thiab sau nws. Qhov hnyav no yog qhov hnyav suav nrog siv tus lej sib piv. Tus lej no yuav yog tus lej ntawm qhov feem pua sib npaug.

Piv txwv 1: qhov hnyav ntawm hydrogen hauv qhov sib xyaw yog 2.01588 g/mol (huab hwm coj 2 moles ntawm hydrogen atoms).
Piv txwv 2: cov pa roj carbon ntau hauv cov sib xyaw yog 72.0642 g/mol (qhov hnyav ntawm 6 moles ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms).

Kauj Ruam 7. Ntsuas qhov hloov pauv mus rau qhov feem pua sib npaug

Tom qab tau txais tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, ntsaws nws rau hauv qhov kev ua zauv sau hauv thawj kauj ruam: qhov feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm lub hauv paus/tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov sib xyaw) x 100.

Piv txwv 1: qhov feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm lub hauv paus/tag nrho cov khoom hnyav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw) x 100 = (2,01588/18, 01528) x 100.
Piv txwv 2: qhov feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm cov khoom/tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw molecular ntawm cov sib xyaw) x 100 = (72, 0642/180, 156) x 100.

Kauj Ruam 8. Xam qhov feem pua ntau

Tam sim no qhov kev ua zauv tau ua tiav, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog ua tiav cov lej feem pua suav. Faib qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd sib npaug los ntawm 100. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov feem pua ntawm pawg.

Piv txwv 1: feem pua = (2, 01588/18, 01528) x 100 = 0, 11189 x 100 = 11, 18%. Yog li, qhov feem pua ntawm hydrogen atoms hauv cov dej molecule yog 11.18%.
Piv txwv 2: qhov feem pua = (molar pawg ntawm cov khoom/tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw molecular ntawm cov sib xyaw) x 100 = (72, 0642/180, 156) x 100 = 0, 4000 x 100 = 40, 00%. Yog li, feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv cov piam thaj molecule yog 40.00%.