Yog tias koj muaj cov ntawv ua tom tsev txhawm rau nrhiav tus lej ua piv txwv ntawm cov sib xyaw, tab sis tsis paub yuav pib li cas, tsis txhob ntshai! WikiHow ntawm no yuav pab koj! Ua ntej, xav txog kev paub yooj yim uas koj xav tau los nrhiav cov qauv ua piv txwv, thiab txav mus rau qhov piv txwv teeb meem hauv Ntu 2.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nkag Siab Lub Hauv Paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub txog cov qauv ua piv txwv
Hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, tus lej ua piv txwv yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev hais tawm ib qho sib xyaw - nws yog cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tsim ua ib qho kev sib xyaw, npaj ua feem pua. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov qauv yooj yim no tsis piav qhia txog "kev teeb tsa" ntawm cov atoms hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, cov mis no tsuas yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw. Piv txwv li:
Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 40.92% carbon, 4.58% hydrogen, thiab 54.5% oxygen yuav muaj cov qauv ua piv txwv C3H4O3 (peb yuav npog qhov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau cov mis ua piv txwv no hauv ntu ob).
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag siab lub sij hawm 'pawg feem pua'
Pawg feem pua txhais tau tias feem pua ntawm txhua lub atom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Txhawm rau nrhiav cov qauv ua piv txwv ntawm cov sib xyaw, peb yuav tsum paub qhov feem pua ntawm cov sib xyaw. Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav tus qauv ua piv txwv rau teeb meem hauv tsev, koj yuav feem ntau yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog feem pua ntawm pawg.
Hauv chav kuaj tshuaj, txhawm rau nrhiav feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav, cov khoom sib xyaw yuav raug sim los ntawm ntau qhov kev kuaj lub cev thiab tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas qhov ntau. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj nyob hauv ib chav sim, koj tsis tas yuav ua qhov kev xeem no
Kauj Ruam 3. Ceev faj thaum cuam tshuam nrog gram atoms
Ib gram atom yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom uas nws hnyav hauv grams yog sib npaug rau nws qhov hnyav. Txhawm rau nrhiav cov gram atom, qhov sib npaug yog: Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw (%) faib los ntawm qhov hnyav atomic ntawm cov khoom ntawd.
Piv txwv li, cia peb hais tias peb muaj cov khoom sib xyaw uas ua los ntawm 40.92% carbon. Cov atomic loj ntawm cov pa roj carbon yog 12, yog li peb qhov sib npaug yuav yog 40.92/12 = 3.41
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub yuav ua li cas thiaj pom qhov sib piv atomic
Thaum koj daws cov teeb meem sib xyaw, yuav muaj ntau dua li ib gram ntawm atoms uas koj yuav tsum suav. Thaum koj muaj tag nrho cov gram ntawm atoms hauv koj qhov sib xyaw, ua tib zoo mloog. Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov sib piv atomic, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov atomic gram uas yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum faib tag nrho koj cov atomic grams los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws atomic gram. Piv txwv li:
- Cia peb hais tias peb tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj peb grams atoms, uas yog: 1, 5; 2; thiab 2. :
- 1.5 / 1.5 = 1. 2 / 1.5 = 1. 33. 2, 5 / 1.5 = 1.66. Yog li qhov sib piv atomic yog 1: 1, 33: 1, 66.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab yuav hloov pauv cov lej atomic piv rau cov lej
Thaum sau cov qauv ua piv txwv, koj yuav tsum siv tus lej tag nrho. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsis tuaj yeem siv tus lej zoo li 1.33. Thaum koj pom koj tus lej sib piv, koj yuav tsum hloov pauv tus lej (xws li 1.33) mus rau tus lej (xws li 3). Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus lej uas tuaj yeem muab sib tshooj los ntawm txhua tus lej hauv koj qhov piv txwv kom tau txais ib tus lej. Piv txwv li:
- Sim 2. Muab tus lej hauv koj tus lej atomic piv (1, 1, 33, thiab 1, 66) los ntawm 2. Koj tau 2, 2, 66, thiab 3, 32. Cov lej no tsis yog cov lej, yog li koj siv tsis tau ib tug zauv 2.
- Sim 3. Koj yuav tau 3, 4, thiab 5 thaum koj sib npaug 1, 1, 33, thiab 1, 66 los ntawm 3. Yog li, qhov sib piv atomic ntawm cov lej yog 3: 4: 5.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nkag siab tias cov lej no tau siv rau cov qauv ua piv txwv
Cov lej sib piv peb tsuas yog daws tau tuaj yeem siv hauv cov qauv ua piv txwv. Peb tus lej sib txuas yog tus lej tso rau ntawm tus taw ntawm txhua tsab ntawv uas sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, cov qauv ua piv txwv rau cov sib txuas uas peb tab tom ua yog:
X3Y4Z5
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Cov Qauv Piv Txwv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab qhov feem pua ntawm koj cov khoom sib xyaw
Yog tias koj sim nrhiav cov qauv ua piv txwv rau teeb meem ua hauv tsev, koj yuav feem ntau yuav tau muab cov ntaub ntawv feem pua - koj tsuas yog xav paub qhov twg los nrhiav nws. Piv txwv li:
- Cia peb hais tias cov teeb meem piv txwv nug koj saib cov qauv ntawm vitamin C. Nws hais tias cov pa roj carbon 40.92%, hydrogen 4.58% thiab oxygen 54.5% - qhov no yog feem pua feem pua.
- 40, 92% ntawm cov vitamin C yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon, thaum seem yog tsim los ntawm hydrogen ntau li 4.58% thiab oxygen 54.5%.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav tus lej ntawm cov atoms hauv cov khoom sib xyaw
Raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu 1, qhov sib npaug rau nrhiav cov lej ntawm atoms yog: Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw (%) faib los ntawm qhov hnyav atomic ntawm cov khoom.
Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon yog 12, hydrogen yog 1, thiab oxygen yog 16.
- Cov naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms = 40.92/12 = 3.41
- Tus naj npawb ntawm grams atoms hydrogen = 4.58 /1 = 4.58
- Cov lej ntawm cov pa oxygen = 54.50/16 = 3.41
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshawb nrhiav qhov sib piv atomic
Nrhiav cov atomic gram uas tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov gram atoms peb nyuam qhuav suav. Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, piv txwv li, nws yog 3.41 (carbon lossis oxygen - ob qho tib si muaj tus nqi zoo ib yam). Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum faib tag nrho cov atomic grams los ntawm tus lej no. Sau qhov piv zoo li no: tus nqi carbon: tus nqi hydrogen: tus nqi oxygen.
- Cov pa roj carbon: 3.41/3,41 = 1
- Hydrogen: 4.58/3.41 = 1.34
- Cov pa: 3, 41/3, 41 = 1
- Qhov sib piv atomic yog 1: 1, 34: 1.
Kauj Ruam 4. Hloov pauv qhov sib piv atomic rau ib tus lej
Yog tias koj qhov piv txwv atomic piv rau ib tus lej, koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no. Tab sis hauv qhov piv txwv peb tab tom siv, peb yuav tsum hloov pauv 1, 34 mus rau qhov sib npaug. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws integer uas tuaj yeem muab sib tshooj los ntawm tus lej hauv atomic piv kom tau tus lej yog 3.
- 1 x 3 = 3 (txoj kev no ua haujlwm vim tias 3 yog ib tus lej).
- 1, 34 x 3 = 4 (4 kuj yog ib qho ntxiv).
- 1 x 3 = 3 (dua, 3 yog tus lej).
- Qhov sib piv ntawm tus lej hauv peb qhov piv txwv yog li carbon (C): hydrogen (H): oxygen (O) = 3: 4: 3
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov mis ua piv txwv
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum sau tsab ntawv ntawm txhua ntu hauv qhov sib xyaw, hauv qhov no C rau carbon, H rau hydrogen, thiab O rau oxygen, nrog qhov sib piv qhov tseem ceeb hauv tus lej hauv ob txhais ceg. Cov qauv piv txwv hauv peb qhov piv txwv yog:
C3H4O3
Lub tswv yim
- Cov mis mos molecular piav qhia tus lej ntawm cov khoom tam sim no hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, thaum cov mis ua piv txwv piav qhia qhov sib piv me tshaj ntawm cov atoms uas tsim los.
- Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav rau feem pua muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv chav kuaj, koj yuav siv qhov ntsuas spectrometer ntawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.
