Kev Tsov Rog Txias tau xaus ntau dua ob xyoo dhau los, thiab txij thaum ntawd los, coob leej neeg tsis nyob hauv qab tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab nuclear kev hem thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam nuclear tseem yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Kev ua nom tswv hauv ntiaj teb nyob deb ntawm qhov ruaj khov, thiab tib neeg tus cwj pwm tsis tau hloov pauv hauv ob xyoo dhau los. Raws li Arthur Koestler tau hais tias, "Lub suab ntev tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg lub neej yog lub suab nruas ua tsov rog." Tsuav muaj riam phom nuclear muaj nyob, kev phom sij ntawm kev siv lawv tseem yuav nyob ntsiag to.
Koj puas tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nuclear? Tsis muaj lus teb meej, tsuas yog kwv yees: qee leej hais tias yog, thaum lwm tus hais tsis yog. Koj yuav tsum paub tias riam phom thermonuclear niaj hnub no muaj ntau pua zaus (txawm ntau txhiab zaus hauv lawv qhov kev hloov pauv loj tshaj) muaj zog dua li cov foob pob poob rau Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki xyoo 1945. Peb yeej tsis tuaj yeem xav tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum ntau txhiab qhov riam phom no tau siv ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Qee tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob, tuaj yeem sib cav tias sim ua kom muaj sia nyob ntawm kev ua tsov rog nuclear tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txwv tsis pub, tsuas yog cov uas tau npaj siab thiab logistically thiab nyob hauv thaj chaw deb, qhov tsis tseem ceeb yuav muaj peev xwm muaj sia nyob.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Npaj
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj ib lub tswv yim
Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nuclear, tsis txhob tawm mus sab nraud hauv kev nrhiav zaub mov - koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv yam tsawg 48 teev, ntev dua qhov zoo dua. Kev npaj khoom noj thiab tshuaj tuaj yeem so koj lub siab thiab tso cai rau koj tsom mus rau lwm yam ntawm kev muaj sia nyob.
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj cov khoom noj uas ploj mus
Cov zaub mov zoo li no tuaj yeem nyob ntev ntau xyoo, xws li khaws cia lossis tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam. Xaiv cov khoom noj uas muaj cov carbohydrates ntau kom koj tau txais ntau calories ntau thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav.
- mov dawb
- Nplej
- Ceev
- Qab Zib
- Zib ntab
- Oats
- Pasta
- Mis hmoov
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub qhuav
- Sau cov khoom siv maj mam. Txhua lub sijhawm koj mus rau tom khw muag khoom, yuav ib yam khoom lossis ob yam kom txaus. Thaum kawg, koj yuav muaj Tshuag rau ntau lub hlis.
- Xyuas kom koj muaj lub raj mis qhib rau cov zaub mov kaus poom.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txuag dej
Xav txog kev khaws cov dej hauv cov yas ntim khoom nyab xeeb. Ntxuav lub khob nrog tshuaj dawb thiab tom qab ntawd sau nws nrog cov dej lim lossis cov dej ntxhia.
- Ua kom txuag tau 4 liv dej rau ib tus neeg hauv ib hnub.
- Txhawm rau ntxuav cov dej thaum lub sijhawm ua rog, khaws cov tshuaj dawb thiab potassium iodide (Lugol).
Kauj Ruam 4. Yuav khoom siv sib txuas lus
Lub peev xwm kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhia koj txoj haujlwm nrog lwm tus tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nov yog yam koj xav tau:
- Xov tooj cua: sim nrhiav lub xov tooj cua uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis muaj lub tshuab crank. Yog tias koj yuav tsum siv xov tooj cua nrog roj teeb, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj muaj roj teeb seem. Kuj txiav txim siab yuav lub NOAA xov tooj cua huab cua - tshaj tawm xov xwm xwm txheej kub ntxhov 24 teev nyob rau ib hnub.
- Xuav: Koj tuaj yeem tshuab nws kom pab tau.
- Xov tooj ntawm tes: kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes yuav lossis tsis nyob hauv, tab sis npaj rau txhua lub sijhawm. Yog tias ua tau, nrhiav lub hnub ci them nyiaj rau koj lub xov tooj.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov khoom siv kho mob
Kev muaj cov khoom kho mob tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag yog tias koj raug mob thaum raug mob. Nov yog yam koj yuav xav tau:
- Cov khoom siv pabcuam thawj zaug: yuav lub pob lossis ua koj tus kheej. Koj yuav xav tau txhaj tshuaj kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab ntaub qhwv, tshuaj pleev tshuaj tua kab mob, hnab looj tes roj hmab, txiab, tweezers, tus pas ntsuas kub, thiab daim pam.
- Cov lus qhia rau kev pab ua ntej: yuav los ntawm ib lub koom haum xws li tus ntoo khaub lig liab, lossis tsim koj tus kheej phau ntawv qhia nrog cov khoom siv hauv internet. Koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas txhawm rau qhwv qhov txhab, muab dag ua pa, daws kev poob siab, thiab kho qhov kub hnyiab.
- Daim ntawv yuav tshuaj lossis tshuaj noj: yog tias koj yuav tsum tau noj qee yam tshuaj txhua hnub, sim ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Kauj Ruam 6. Yuav lwm yam khoom xav tau
Npaj koj cov khoom siv xwm txheej ceev nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Teeb nyem thiab roj teeb
- daim npog qhov ncauj
- Yas txheej thiab kab xev
- Cov hnab khib nyiab, hlua yas, thiab cov ntaub so ntub los saib xyuas kev tu tus kheej
- Cov ciaj ntswj thiab rab riam los tua cov chaw xws li roj thiab dej
Kauj Ruam 7. Saib xov xwm
Kev tawm tsam nuclear zoo li yuav tshwm sim sai sai los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv tebchaws. Kev tawm tsam zoo li no tuaj yeem ua ntej los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntawm nom tswv. Tsov rog nrog cov riam phom zoo ib yam ntawm nuclear-riam phom xeev, yog tias tsis tau xaus sai, tuaj yeem nce ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj kev ua tsov rog nuclear; txawm tias kev tawm tsam nuclear txwv rau ib cheeb tsam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua tsov rog nuclear thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ntau lub tebchaws muaj cov qhab nia los txiav txim siab txog qib kev tawm tsam uas lawv tau ntsib. Piv txwv li, hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada, koj yuav tsum kawm DEFCON qib (DEFsiv CONlus).
Kauj Ruam 8. Txheeb xyuas kev pheej hmoo thiab txiav txim siab tshem koj tus kheej yog tias nws zoo li kev ua tsov rog nuclear yuav los ze
Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, koj yuav tsum xav txog hom chaw nyob uas koj tab tom yuav tsim. Kawm koj qhov deb ntawm cov hom phiaj hauv qab no: thiab npaj kom tsim nyog:
- Cov dav hlau thiab cov hauv paus tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paub txog cov yeeb ncuab foob pob foob pob, foob pob hluav taws submarines, lossis ICBM silos. Cov chaw no Muaj tseeb tawm tsam hauv kev ua tsov rog nuclear.
- Cov kab kev lag luam mus rau txoj kev loj mus txog 3,000 m ntev. Tag nrho cov no feem ntau tawm tsam - txawm tias muaj kev txwv tsis pub ua tsov rog nuclear, thiab Muaj tseeb dhau los ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tsov rog nuclear puv ntoob.
- Tsoomfwv cov chaw. Feem ntau yuav tawm tsam hauv kev ua tsov rog nuclear tsawg thiab Muaj tseeb dhau los ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tsov rog nuclear puv ntoob.
- Lub nroog loj loj thiab cov chaw nyob. Yuav zoo heev tawm tsam hauv kev ua tsov rog nuclear puv ntoob.
Kauj Ruam 9. Kawm paub ntau hom riam phom nuclear:
- Lub foob pob tawg (A-Bomb) yog hom txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom nuclear thiab tau muab cais ua ntau yam ntawm lwm chav kawm riam phom. Lub foob pob lub zog yog tsim los ntawm kev faib cov nucleus (plutonium thiab uranium) siv cov neutron; vim tias cov uranium lossis plutonium faib cov atom ua rau lub zog loj heev - nrog rau ntau yam ntxiv neutron derivatives. Cov neutrons no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sai heev ntawm cov saw nuclear. Lub foob pob tawg yog nyob deb ntawm lub foob pob nuclear nkaus xwb uas siv hauv kev ua tsov rog. Hom foob pob no yog feem ntau yuav raug tsim los ntawm cov neeg phem.
- Fusion foob pob (H-Bomb), ua kom sov thiab ua kom sov deuterium thiab tritium (isotope ntawm hydrogen) siv hluav taws xob cua sov los ntawm lub foob pob ntawm lub foob pob tawg. Ob lub ntsiab lus uas muaj nyob ntawd ua ke thiab tsim lub zog loj. Fusion riam phom kuj tseem hu ua thermonuclears vim tias deuterium thiab tritium tsuas tuaj yeem ua ke ntawm qhov kub siab; riam phom zoo li no feem ntau yog ntau pua lub sijhawm muaj zog dua li cov foob pob uas rhuav tshem Nagasaki thiab Hiroshima. Feem ntau ntawm Asmeskas thiab Russia cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm muaj cov foob pob ntawm hom no.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Ciaj sia nyob hauv Kev Tawm Tsam
Kauj Ruam 1. Tam sim nrhiav chaw nyob
Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus ceeb toom txog thaj chaw tseem ceeb, feem ntau yuav muaj lub tswb lossis ceeb toom ceeb toom kom pom lub zog tawm tsam nuclear; lossis qhov tawg ntawm lub foob pob nuclear. Lub teeb ci ntsa iab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm riam phom nuclear kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom tsis pub dhau kilometers ntawm nws qhov chaw pib. Yog tias koj nyob hauv lub vojvoog tawg (lossis hauv av xoom), koj txoj hauv kev muaj sia nyob yog xoom, tshwj tsis yog tias koj npog hauv qhov chaw uas muaj VERY, TSHIAB zoo heev rau qhov pov thawj tawg. Yog tias koj nyob hauv ob peb kis lus mev ntawm qhov chaw tso lub foob pob, koj muaj sijhawm li 10-15 vib nas this kom khiav ua ntej raug cua sov, thiab tej zaum 20-30 vib nas this ua ntej raug nthwv dej. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob pom lub foob pob hluav taws tsim los vim li cas. Nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag ib ntus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tawg puas tsuaj sib txawv ntau yam nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub foob pob siv, qhov siab ntawm qhov tawg, thiab txawm tias huab cua puag thaum lub foob pob tawg.
- Yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau chaw nyob, nrhiav thaj chaw luv dua ze ntawm qhov chaw tawg thiab pw ntawm koj nraub qaum. Npog daim tawv nqaij kom ntau li ntau tau. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov chaw zoo li no, khawb av kom ntau li ntau tau. Txawm tias nyob hauv ib puag ncig 8 kilometers, koj yuav raug kev kub nyhiab thib peb; thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 32 kilometers tseem tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov tawv nqaij hlawv. Cov cua uas tsim los ntawm kev tawg yuav tshuab rau ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 960 kilometers ib teev, thiab yuav rhuav tshem txhua yam lossis txhua tus cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov cua.
- Yog tias txhua qhov kev xaiv saum toj no tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau, nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev tsuas yog tias koj paub tseeb tias nws yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tawg thiab tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb. Tsawg kawg, lub tsev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm hluav taws xob. Koj yuav paub seb koj xaiv puas yog lossis tsis yog nyob ntawm kev tsim lub tsev thiab ze li cas rau qhov tawg. Nyob deb ntawm txhua lub qhov rais, yog tias ua tau, nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov rai; txawm tias lub tsev tsis raug puas tsuaj, tawg nuclear yuav tawg qhov rais ntawm qhov deb.
- Yog tias koj nyob hauv Switzerland lossis Finland, txheeb xyuas seb koj lub tsev puas muaj lub qhov taub atomic bunker. Yog tsis yog, nrhiav chaw nyob hauv koj lub zos/nroog/nroog thiab yuav mus txog qhov twg. Nco ntsoov: koj tuaj yeem nrhiav chaw nyob rau qhov phom sij txaus ntshai hauv Switzerland. Thaum lub suab sirens hauv Switzerland, nws raug nquahu kom ceeb toom rau cov uas tsis tuaj yeem hnov lawv (piv txwv li vim yog lag ntseg) thiab tom qab ntawd mloog National Radio Services (RSR, DRS thiab/lossis RTSI) tshaj tawm.
- Nyob kom deb ntawm cov khoom tawg lossis nplaim taws. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li nylon lossis lwm yam khoom siv roj raws li yuav kub hnyiab vim cua sov.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco ntsoov tias kev raug hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau ntau tus neeg tuag
- Thawj hluav taws xob. Qhov hluav taws xob no tau tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm tawg, thiab tau nyob luv thiab radiates tsuas yog nrug deb. Hauv cov riam phom nuclear niaj hnub nrog lub dav tawg tawg, qhov hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem tua cov neeg uas muaj sia nyob tom qab raug cua sov lossis tawg ntawm qhov deb tib yam.
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Cov hluav taws xob seem. Cov hluav taws xob no tseem paub tias yog hluav taws xob poob. Yog tias muaj kev tawg tshwm sim saum npoo av lossis foob pob hluav taws tsoo lub ntiaj teb, qhov hluav taws xob no yuav tshwm sim. Cov plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab raug pov rau hauv cov cua thiab tom qab ntawd poob rov qab, nqa cov hluav taws xob ntau. Cov dej nag poob tuaj yeem yog xim dub thiab raug xa mus ua "dub nag". Cov nag no txaus ntshai heev thiab qhov kub yuav txias heev. Dej nag poob yuav kis tau txhua yam nws kov.
Thaum koj muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov tawg thiab qhov hluav taws xob pib, koj yuav tsum nrhiav chaw nyob tam sim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob seem.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov hom hluav taws xob
Ua ntej txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tsum paub txog peb yam hauv qab no:
- Alpha Particles: cov hais los no yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam tshwm sim, cov khoom no tsis txaus ntshai heev. Alpha cov ntsiab lus yuav nyob tsuas yog ob peb ntiv tes siab hauv huab cua ua ntej yuav nqus los ntawm huab cua. Txoj kev pheej hmoo me me, txawm li cas los xij, tseem ua rau tuag taus yog tias nqos lossis nqus tau. Koj tuaj yeem hnav khaub ncaws zoo los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm Alpha hais.
- Beta Particles: nrawm dua Alpha hais thiab mus kev deb dua. Beta particles yuav nce mus txog qhov siab txog 10 meters ua ntej yuav nqus los ntawm huab cua. Raug rau cov beta beta tsis ua rau tuag taus, tshwj tsis yog lub sijhawm ntev - nws tuaj yeem ua rau "mob Beta hlawv", uas zoo ib yam li kub hnyiab. Beta particles yog teeb meem rau lub qhov muag, ntxiv rau yog tias nqos lossis nqus tau. Hnav khaub ncaws kom tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab Beta.
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Gamma rays: yog qhov ua rau tuag taus tshaj plaws. Cov duab hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem mus txog ntau km hauv huab cua thiab yuav nkag mus rau txhua qhov teeb meem. Cov hluav taws xob yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev, txawm tias nws tshwm sim tsuas yog sab nraud. Koj yuav tsum nkaum tom qab txheej tuab ntawm cov khoom.
- PF qib hluav taws xob nyob hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv yuav qhia rau koj paub tias muaj pes tsawg qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsoo ib tus neeg piv rau yog tias nws nyob hauv qhov chaw qhib. Piv txwv li, RPF ntawm 300 txhais tau tias koj yuav tau txais 1/300 ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab hauv lub tsev dua li sab nraum nws.
- Tsis txhob kis mus rau Gamma hluav taws xob. Sim txwv lub sijhawm phom sij kom tsis pub ntev tshaj 5 feeb. Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, nrhiav cov qhov tsua lossis cov cav ntoo uas koj tuaj yeem nkag mus tau. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem khawb qhov nqaj thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws nrog cov av sib xyaw.
Kauj Ruam 4. Pib txhim kho vaj tse los ntawm sab hauv los ntawm kev sib tsoo av lossis lwm yam uas koj tuaj yeem pom nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa
Yog tias koj nyob hauv lub qhov dej, ua lub ru tsev - tsuas yog ua qhov no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau npaj txhij - tsis txhob nthuav koj tus kheej rau kev pheej hmoo thaum nws tsis xav tau. Cov ntaub ntaub los ntawm lub dav hlau los yog tsev pheeb suab ntaub yuav pab tuav cov khib nyiab poob tawm, txawm hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nres Gamma rays. Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej tag nrho los ntawm txhua qhov hluav taws xob yog lub cev ua tsis tau. Siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no los txiav txim siab cov khoom koj xav tau txhawm rau txo qis kev nkag mus rau hluav taws xob mus rau 1/1,000:
- Hlau: 21cm
- Pob zeb: 70-100 cm
- Maas: 66 cm
- Ntoo: 2.6 m
- Luas: 1 m
- Loj: 2 m
- Daus: 6 m
Kauj Ruam 5. Npaj kom nyob hauv qhov chaw nkaum tsawg kawg 200 teev (8-9 hnub)
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob mus ib txhis rau thawj plaub caug-yim teev.
- Qhov laj thawj yog tias koj yuav tsum zam "cov khoom tawg" tsim los ntawm kev tawg nuclear. Fission yog hom phom sij txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm iodine xov tooj cua. Hmoov zoo, radioiodine tsis nyob ntev (nws tsuas yog 8 hnub qub ua ntej nws decomposes ib txwm thiab tsim cov isotope nyab xeeb dua). Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum paub tias tom qab 8-9 hnub huab cua tseem yuav muaj cov xov tooj cua ntau heev, yog li txwv koj lub sijhawm sab nraum. Lub sijhawm xav tau rau qib radioiodine kom txo qis rau 0.1% ntawm nws thawj zaug yuav yog 90 hnub.
- Lwm cov khoom siv fission nuclear yog cesium thiab strontium. Ob lub ions no muaj lub neej ntev dua, txog 30 thiab 28 xyoo, feem. Cesium thiab Strontium kuj tseem yooj yim nqus los ntawm cov khoom muaj sia thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom lag luam rau ntau caum xyoo. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem nqa tau los ntawm huab cua rau ntau txhiab kilometers - yog li yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj kev nyab xeeb vim tias koj nyob hauv qhov chaw deb, koj ua tsis yog lawm.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua khoom sib faib
Koj yuav tsum faib cov khoom siv kom thiaj muaj sia nyob; ces thaum kawg koj tseem yuav tsum tawm mus thiab raug hluav taws xob (tshwj tsis yog koj lub tsev muaj khoom noj ntau thiab haus hauv Tshuag).
- Koj tuaj yeem noj cov khoom noj uas tau ua tiav tsuav yog lub khob ntim tsis tawg thiab nyob ruaj khov.
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Koj tuaj yeem noj tsiaj, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tawv nqaij thiab tshem lawv lub siab, daim siab thiab ob lub raum. Tsis txhob noj nqaij ze rau pob txha, vim tias cov leeg nqaij tuaj yeem khaws hluav taws xob.
- Noj cov nquab lossis cov nquab
- Noj luav qus
- Nroj tsuag cog hauv "thaj tsam kub" tuaj yeem noj tau; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tubers (xws li carrots thiab qos yaj ywm). Ua ib qho kev sim zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Nyeem Yuav Xeem Li Cas Yog Tsob Ntoo Tau Noj.
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Cov dej qhib tau tuaj yeem muaj cov hluav taws xob thiab cov pa phem. Dej los ntawm qhov chaw hauv av, xws li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis npog qhov dej, yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj (xav txog tseem yuav tsim lub hnub ci dej raws qhov chaw). Siv dej los ntawm cov kwj deg thiab pas dej tsuas yog tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv. Ua lub lim dej los ntawm kev khawb lub qhov li 30 cm los ntawm tus dej thiab tsuas yog siv cov dej uas tau nqus los ntawm lub lim. Cov dej yuav zoo li qias neeg lossis av nkos, yog li cia cov dej tsaws tsag ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, rhaub dej kom tua cov kab mob. Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev, cov dej hauv nws feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias tsis muaj dej (nws tej zaum yog), siv cov dej uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov kav dej los ntawm kev qhib lub kais dej ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj hauv tsev kom tso cua tshuab, tom qab ntawd qhib lub kais dej ntawm qhov qis tshaj hauv lub tsev kom lim nws.
- Saib cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais dej thaum muaj xwm ceev los ntawm lub rhaub dej.
- Paub yuav ua li cas ntxuav cov dej.
Kauj Ruam 7. Muab txhua yam khaub ncaws (lub kaus mom, hnab looj tes, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, T-shirt kaw, thiab lwm yam
), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tab tom yuav tawm sab nraum lub tsev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab Beta. Ua kom tsis huv los ntawm co khaub ncaws thiab ntxuav lawv nrog dej thiab tu txhua daim tawv nqaij. Cov seem uas seem yuav ua rau kub hnyiab.
Kauj Ruam 8. Kho qhov txhab thiab qhov txhab tawg
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Kev kub nyhiab me me: tseem hu ua Beta hlawv (txawm hais tias nws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lwm qhov me me). Tsau qhov kub hnyiab hauv dej txias kom txog thaum qhov mob ploj mus (feem ntau yog 5 feeb).
- Yog tias koj cov tawv nqaij pib ntub, tawg, lossis ua pob liab liab; yaug nrog dej txias kom tshem tau cov kab mob, tom qab ntawd npog nrog cov ntaub qhwv kom tsis muaj menyuam kom tiv thaiv kev kis mob. Tsis txhob pop ib boils!
- Yog tias koj cov tawv nqaij huv si, tsis txhob npog nws, txawm tias thaum koj npog koj lub cev feem ntau (xws li thaum koj raug tshav kub). Ntxuav thaj chaw raug mob thiab siv Vaseline lossis sib tov ntawm cov dej qab zib thiab dej yog tias muaj. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov av noo uas tsis muaj kab mob sib kis.
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Kev kub nyhiab hnyav: tseem hu ua cua sov kub hnyiab, vim lawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm tshav kub los ntawm kev siv lub zog tawg ntau dua li siv cov ionizing (tab sis nws tseem ua tau). Cov hlawv no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej; Koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam rau hauv tus as khauj uas muaj feem cuam tshuam: tsis muaj dej, poob siab, mob ntsws puas, kis kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Ua raws cov theem hauv qab no los kho qhov kub hnyiab.
- Tiv thaiv qhov kub hnyiab los ntawm kev kis kab mob ntxiv.
- Yog tias khaub ncaws npog thaj chaw uas raug hlawv, txiav thiab tshem khaub ncaws ntawm qhov txhab. TSIS TXHOB sim tshem cov khaub ncaws uas raug kaw lossis ua raws qhov hlawv. TSIS TXHOB rub khaub ncaws rau nws. Tsis txhob siv tshuaj pleev rau qhov kub hnyiab. Zoo dua, hu rau Chav Kho Mob Kho Mob.
- Ntxuav thaj chaw kub hnyiab XWB. Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj pleev los yog tshuaj pleev.
- TSIS TXHOB siv cov tshuaj kho mob uas tsis muaj menyuam uas tsis yog siv los kho qhov kub hnyiab. Txij li cov tshuaj pleev tsis kub hnyiab (thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho mob) yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv ntau, koj tuaj yeem siv cov yas qhwv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev (piv txwv li qhwv cov lus qhia, qhwv zaub mov, qhwv zaj duab xis). Cov ntaub qhwv no tsis muaj menyuam, tsis txhob lo rau ntawm qhov txhab, thiab yooj yim mus nrhiav.
- Tiv thaiv kev poob siab. Kev poob siab ntawm no tsis yog kev poob siab zoo ib yam, tab sis hais txog qhov tsis muaj ntshav ntws mus rau cov nqaij thiab cov kabmob tseem ceeb. Yog tias tsis kho, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev poob siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntshav ntau dhau, kub hnyiab heev, lossis cuam tshuam rau qhov txhab/ntshav. Cov tsos mob suav nrog kev hnov tsis tu ncua, nqhis dej, tawv nqaij daj, thiab lub plawv dhia nrawm. Tus neeg raug tsim txom kuj tseem tuaj yeem hws, txawm tias thaum tawv nqaij txias thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Raws li cov tsos mob zuj zus, nws yuav ua tsis taus pa thiab nws lub qhov muag yuav dawb paug. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kho mob, koj yuav tsum tswj lub plawv dhia ib txwm thiab ua pa. Ua qhov no los ntawm zaws lub hauv siab thiab kho tus neeg mob txoj haujlwm kom yooj yim ua pa. Xoob tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab kev txhawb nqa lub cev. Nyob ruaj khov thiab kho tus neeg mob nrog kev ua siab mos siab muag thiab kev ntseeg siab.
Kauj Ruam 9. Yog koj xav tau, pab cov neeg uas muaj mob muaj nkeeg, tseem hu ua Radiation Syndrome
Tus kab mob no tsis kis tau, thiab nws txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob uas ib tus neeg nqus tau. Nov yog qhov luv luv ntawm daim duab:
Kauj Ruam 10. Paub koj tus kheej nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
(Gy (grey) = yog SI chav siv los ntsuas qhov koob tshuaj ionizing tau nqus los ntawm lub cev. 1 Gy = 100 rad. Sv (Sievert) = yog SI unit ntawm qhov sib npaug, 1 Sv = 100 REM., 1 Gy feem ntau sib npaug nrog 1 Sv.)
- Tsawg dua 0.05 Gy: Tsis pom cov tsos mob.
- 0.05-0.5 Gy: Cov qe ntshav liab yuav poob qis ib ntus.
- 0.5-1 Gy: Kev tsim cov cell tsis muaj zog; cov neeg txom nyem yog cov uas raug tus kab mob; thiab yuav hnov xeev siab, mob taub hau, thiab ntuav. Tus nqi hluav taws xob no feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias nws tsis kho.
- 1.5-3 Gy: 35% ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tuag tsis pub dhau 30 hnub. Cov neeg mob yuav hnov xeev siab, ntuav, thiab muaj plaub hau poob thoob lub cev.
- 3-4 Gy: Qhov no yog theem hnyav ntawm hluav taws lom. 50% ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tuag tom qab 30 hnub. Lwm cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li koob ntawm 2-3 Sv, nrog ntshav tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, thiab hauv ob lub raum (50% qhov tshwm sim ntawm 4 Sv) tom qab nkag mus rau theem qis.
- 4-6 Gy: Nov yog theem mob hnyav ntawm hluav taws lom. 50% ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tuag tom qab 30 hnub. Tus neeg tuag tau nce los ntawm 60% ntawm koob tshuaj 4.5 Sv txog 90% ntawm koob tshuaj 6 Sv (tshwj tsis yog muaj kev kho mob hnyav). Cov tsos mob pib hauv ib nrab mus rau ob teev tom qab hluav taws xob thiab kav ntev txog 2 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, muaj lub sijhawm nyob ntsiag to ntawm 7 txog 14 hnub, nrog rau cov tsos mob zoo ib yam ntawm koob tshuaj 3-4 Sv irradiation, tsuas yog siv zog ntxiv. Cov poj niam feem ntau dhau los lawm. Kev kho zoo feem ntau siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis txog ib xyoos. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag nyob rau theem no (feem ntau tsis pub dhau 2 txog 12 lub lis piam tom qab hluav taws xob) yog kis mob thiab los ntshav sab hauv.
- 6-10 Gy: Qib hluav taws xob hnyav, nrog ze li 100% ntawm cov neeg mob tuag tom qab 14 hnub. Ciaj sia taus nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas mob hnyav. Cov pob txha puas tag los yog yuav luag puas tag, yog li tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txais kev hloov pauv pob txha. Cov ntaub so ntswg thiab plab hnyuv kuj tseem ua rau hnyav heev. Cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim li ntawm 15 txog 30 feeb tom qab hluav taws xob thiab kav ntev txog 2 hnub. Muaj ib theem nyob ntsiag to rau 5 txog 10 hnub, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob yuav tuag los ntawm kev kis mob lossis sab hauv los ntshav. Cov txheej txheem kho mob yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo thiab tej zaum yuav tsis tiav. Devair Alves Ferreira tau txais koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txog 7.0 ntawm qhov xwm txheej Goiânia thiab muaj txoj sia nyob, ib feem vim tias nws kis tsis tiav.
- 12-20 REM: 100% kev tuag nyob rau theem no; cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim sai. Cov kab mob plab zom mov kuj tseem raug puas tsuaj tag. Kev tswj ntshav tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub qhov ncauj, hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, thiab hauv ob lub raum. Cov neeg mob kuj yooj yim thiab mob. Cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li kev siv zog nce ntxiv. Nws tsis yooj yim sua rau tus neeg mob rov zoo.
- Ntau dua 20 REM: Cov tsos mob tib yam yuav tshwm sim tam sim ntawd thiab mob zuj zus, tom qab ntawd qis dua ob peb hnub hauv theem uas hu ua "dab taug kev". Mam li nco dheev, cov zom zaub mov hauv lub cev raug rhuav tshem, cov dej hauv lub cev raug tso tawm, thiab los ntshav tshwm sim. Kev tuag pib nrog lub xeev tsis nco qab thiab puas hlwb. Thaum lub hlwb tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub cev ua haujlwm xws li ua pa thiab tswj cov ntshav ncig, tus neeg mob yuav tuag. Tsis muaj kev kho mob los kho nws; Kev ntsuas kev kho mob tsuas tuaj yeem txo qhov mob uas tus neeg mob tau ntsib.
- Hmoov tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum lees paub qhov tseeb tias ib tus neeg yuav tuag sai sai. Tsis txhob nkim khoom noj lossis khoom noj rau cov neeg uas yuav tuag ntawm kev mob nkeeg (txawm tias nws suab phem). Khaws cov khoom tsuas yog rau cov uas noj qab nyob zoo thiab haum. Kev mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus, lossis cov neeg muaj mob.
Kauj Ruam 11. Tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev phom sij EMP
Cov riam phom nuclear foob rau ntawm qhov siab heev yuav tsim hluav taws xob nthwv dej uas muaj zog heev thiab muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws, tshem tag nrho cov cuab yeej los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub kav hlau txais xov. Tso xov tooj cua thiab teeb nyem rau hauv SEALED cov ntaub ntawv hlau ("Faraday tawb") tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm EMP, tsuav lawv tsis kov lub hau. Tus tiv thaiv hlau ntawm lub ntim yuav tsum npog tag nrho cov khoom. Nws tuaj yeem pab yog tias koj muab nws tso rau hauv av.
- Cov khoom koj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau insulated los ntawm lawv cov xwm txheej coj, raws li EMP cov teb tsoo cov ntaub thaiv npog tseem tuaj yeem tsim tam sim no hauv pawg thawj coj hauv Circuit Court. Ib txheej hlau "npog daim pam" (muaj nqis ib puag ncig Rp. 26 txhiab) qhwv ib puag ncig cov cuab yeej hauv ntawv xov xwm lossis paj rwb tuaj yeem ua Faraday tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw tawg.
- Lwm txoj hauv kev yog qhwv cov ntawv los xij hauv lub thawv tooj liab lossis ntawv txhuas. Muab cov khoom koj xav tiv thaiv hauv nws thiab faus rau hauv av.
Kauj Ruam 12. Npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv
Feem ntau, kev tawm tsam nuclear tsis yog tshwm sim ib zaug. Npaj rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tawm tsam ntxiv lossis tawm tsam los ntawm cov tebchaws txawv tebchaws, lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam.
- Khaws koj lub tsev nyob ruaj khov, tshwj tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv siv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muaj sia nyob. Sau tag nrho cov dej huv thiab cov zaub mov ntau dhau.
- Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov neeg tawm tsam rov tawm tsam dua, feem ntau nws tau ua hauv lwm qhov ntawm koj lub tebchaws. Yog tias txhua txoj hauv kev hauv kab lus no tsis ua haujlwm, nyob hauv qhov tsua.
Lub tswv yim
- Xyuas kom koj ntxuav txhua yam, tshwj xeeb yog khoom noj, txawm tias nws nyob hauv qhov chaw nkaum.
- Ceev faj tub rog! Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nrog rau cov neeg hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Lawv feem ntau tsis muaj kev phom sij yog tias koj tuaj yeem qhia qhov twg yog los ntawm koj lub tebchaws thiab qhov twg yog los ntawm lwm sab!
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis qhia leej twg paub tias koj muaj dab tsi thiab ntau npaum li cas.
- Nyob twj ywm nrog cov kev hloov tshiab kawg ntawm tsoomfwv cov lus qhia thiab tshaj tawm.
- Tsis txhob tawm sab nraud tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab xav nrhiav nukes lossis tso tsheb hlau luam.
- Ua vaj tsev nyob ua ntej. Cov chaw nyob tuaj yeem ua tau siv cellars lossis cellars caw. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tsev nyob niaj hnub no tsis muaj lawv lawm; yog tias yog, xav txog kev tsim zej zog lossis chaw nyob ntiag tug hauv koj lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev.
Ceeb toom
- Siv sijhawm los kawm txhua yam koj tuaj yeem ua tau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Txhua feeb siv sijhawm kawm txog "yuav ua dab tsi thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dab tsi" yuav pab koj txuag sijhawm thaum koj xav tau tshaj plaws. Cia siab rau kev cia siab thiab muaj hmoo hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yog qhov ruam.
- Txawm tias tom qab qhov xwm txheej muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsoomfwv yuav tswj hwm txoj cai kev kub ntxhov. Tej yam tsis zoo tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim, yog li nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum nws nyab xeeb. Feem ntau, yog tias koj pom cov tso tsheb hlau luam (tshwj tsis yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm tsam), qhov no txhais tau tias tsoomfwv tau xaj kom pib rov zoo.
- Tsis txhob haus dej, noj, lossis muaj lub cev tiv tauj nrog cov nroj tsuag, dej hauv dej, lossis cov khoom hlau uas pom hauv thaj chaw uas tsis paub.
- Teb rau kev tawm tsam lossis kev sib tsoo zaum ob hauv koj cheeb tsam. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, tos lwm 200 teev (8-9 hnub) txij li qhov tawg zaum kawg.
- Tsis txhob nthuav koj tus kheej. Tsis muaj leej twg paub pes tsawg tus neeg tuaj yeem raug hluav taws xob ua ntej nws mus ntsib tus kab mob. Feem ntau qhov koob tshuaj no yog 100-150 roentgen, tab sis tus neeg mob tseem tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob vim tias theem ntawm tus kab mob me me. Txawm hais tias koj tsis tuag los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, koj tseem tuaj yeem mob qog noj ntshav tom qab lub neej.
- Nyob twj ywm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tab tom coj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj hwm kev coj tus kheej ntawm lwm tus. Cov xwm txheej tsis paub tseeb xav kom koj xav meej.
