Tej zaum koj yuav xav ua kom tau txais qee cov nyiaj ntxiv los kho kub hauv tsev, lossis nws tuaj yeem yog qhov koj yog tus kws tshaj lij nyiaj txiag xav ua kom zoo dua kub ntawm nws tus kheej. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho qhov kub ntawm qhov me me tsuav peb ua raws li kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas ntxuav cov kub siv "aqua regia" txoj kev.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 6: Kub Kub
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kub, hmoov kub, lossis kub nuggets tso rau hauv lub tais/khob yaj
Cov crucibles feem ntau yog ua los ntawm graphite, uas tiv taus cov txheej txheem yaj ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub khob tso rau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub
Kauj Ruam 3. Taw tes rau lub teeb taws acetylene ntawm qhov kub
Taw cov nplaim taws kub kom txog thaum kub yaj tag.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nqa lub khob siv lub khob khob
Kauj Ruam 5. Cais cov kub rau hauv me me thiab cia nws tawv
Qhov no hu ua txheej txheem "ua txhaj". Yog tias yam twg yog qhov ua kom zoo nkauj yog ib qho me me ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub xws li lub nplhaib, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum yaj cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yam tsis ua cov hlaws.
Ntu 2 ntawm 6: Ntxiv Acid
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv lub thawv uas tsim nyog
- Rau txhua 31.10 grams kub uas koj xav tau los kho kom zoo nkauj, koj xav tau lub taub ntim nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 300 milliliters.
- Siv cov ntaub yas tuab lossis "Pyrex Vision Ware" ntim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej
- Siv hnab looj tes roj hmab los tiv thaiv koj txhais tes ntawm cov kua qaub. Ib txwm hnav cov hnab looj tes no thaum ua haujlwm nrog ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj hais hauv kab lus no.
- Hnav cov hnab looj tes roj hmab los tiv thaiv koj cov khaub ncaws.
- Siv looj tsom iav tiv thaiv qhov muag.
- Xav txog hnav lub npog ntsej muag roj kom tsis txhob nqus cov pa lom.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab lub khob ntim rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua nkag tau zoo
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov kua qaub hauv cov txheej txheem aqua regia ua rau cov pa nkev nkig thiab lom.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ncuav 30 milliliters nitric acid rau txhua txhua 31.10 grams kub hauv lub ntim
Cia cov kua qaub rau 30 feeb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntxiv 120 milliliters ntawm hydrochloric acid rau txhua txhua 31.10 grams kub hauv lub ntim
Tawm qhov kev daws teeb meem ib hmo thiab tag nrho cov pa tawm ntawm cov kua qaub tawm.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ncuav cov kua qaub rau hauv lwm lub thawv loj
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom tsis huv los ntawm cov kua qaub tsis tawm los kom tsis txhob kis kab mob.
- Cov kua qaub uas yuav tsum tau siv yuav tsum yog xim ntsuab ntsuab. Yog tias tseem muaj huab lim nrog Buchner funnel.
Ntu 3 ntawm 6: Ntxiv Urea thiab Kub Cov Tshuaj Txhim Kho Kub
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshav kub 0.946 litres dej ces ntxiv 0.458 kg urea rau nws
Tshav kub kom npau npau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Maj mam ntxiv cov dej/urea tov rau cov kua qaub
- Cov kua qaub no yuav ua kom muaj huab cua ntau ntau thaum koj ntxiv cov dej thiab cov tshuaj urea. Ntxiv qhov sib tov maj mam kom cov kua qaub tsis ntws tawm ntawm lub khob.
- Cov dej/urea daws yuav ua rau nruab nrab cov kua qaub nitric tab sis tsis yog hydrochloric acid hauv koj cov tshuaj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv qhov kub-xaiv cov kua ua kom tov rau 0.946 litres dej npau raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhia
- Raws li txoj cai dav dav, koj yuav xav tau 28.349 grams ntawm nag lossis daus rau txhua 31.10 grams ntawm kev ua kom zoo kub.
- Tsis txhob coj koj lub ntsej muag ze rau ntawm lub khob. Qhov hnov tsw ntawm cov tshuaj yog muaj zog heev thiab pungent.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov tshuaj aqueous/precipitating tov kom zoo rau cov kua qaub
- Cov kua qaub yuav tig xim av daj, vim cov xim kub sib cais.
- Tos 30 feeb rau cov dej nag los daws qhov teeb meem kub.
Ntu 4 ntawm 6: Kev Xeem Daws Cov Kub Kub hauv Acid
Kauj Ruam 1. Diav tus pas nrig nplawm hauv cov kua qaub
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab ib qho tshuaj tov tso rau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv ib tee ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshuaj tov rau cov kua qaub
Yog tias cov tee me me tig mus rau xim av, tso cai kom cov dej nag ua kom rov ua haujlwm dua ua ntej tshem cov kua qaub.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ncuav cov kua qaub mus rau hauv lub khob huv tshiab kom sai li sai tau cov kua qaub tsis muaj cov hmoov kub
- Dab tsi yog pom yog cov kua daj xim av nrog cov kua qaub-zoo li nag lossis daus sib sau rau hauv qab ntawm lub ntim.
- Tsis txhob muab cov av nkos pov tseg vim nws yog cov tso nyiaj kub ntshiab.
Ntu 5 ntawm 6: Ntxuav Kub
Kauj Ruam 1. Ntxiv cov kais dej mus rau cov av nkos hauv lub khob
Do maj mam ces cia cov av nyob sib haum.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ncuav cov dej mus rau hauv lub taub ntim cov kua qaub qub
Kauj Ruam 3. Yaug qhov kub 3 lossis 4 zaug ntau dua nrog cov kais dej thiab tom qab ntawd sau cov dej yaug uas tseem tshuav
Kauj Ruam 4. Yaug cov nag kom kub nrog ammonium hydroxide
Koj yuav pom cov huab dawb dawb tso los ntawm cov av nkos. Nco ntsoov hnav tsom iav thiab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kom tsis txhob raug lossis nqus cov pa uas tshwm sim.
Kauj Ruam 5. Yaug tawm cov tshuaj ammonia ua raws cov av nrog cov dej ntxhia
Kauj Ruam 6. Ncuav cov av nkos mus rau hauv lub khob dej loj
Pov tseg tag nrho cov dej distilled kom txog thaum tsuas muaj av nkos.
Ntu 6 ntawm 6: Sau Kub Rov Qab
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab lub beaker tso rau ntawm lub rhaub hluav taws xob
Qhib lub rhaub dej thiab ua kom sov lub khob dej kom qeeb kom lub cua sov tsis ua rau iav tawg lossis tawg.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom sov kom txog thaum av nkos hloov mus ua hmoov zoo
Kauj Ruam 3. Ncuav cov av nkos los rau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg
Qhwv cov av kom zoo thiab tom qab ntawd tsau cawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov av nkos tso rau hauv cov duab kab laug sab kom yaj
Thaum ua tiav kom raug, cov sludge yuav tig mus ua hlau nrog qhov huv ntawm 99%.
Kauj Ruam 5. Hloov cov kub mus rau hauv cov pwm puab
Yog tias koj xav tau, coj nws mus rau tus kws muag hniav nyiaj hniav kub lossis tus tswv lag luam hlau kom pauv nyiaj ntsuab.
