Kev piav qhia cov ntawv tshawb fawb yuav zoo li nkim sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm kev siv lub moj khaum yuav tsis hnov yog tias koj tsis tau sim dua. Los ntawm kev siv lub moj khaum, kev tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv zaum kawg tuaj yeem suav sau tau zoo dua. Yog li nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los kawm paub yuav ua li cas nthuav qhia cov ntawv tshawb fawb. Nov yog qee yam uas yuav tau xav txog thaum tsim cov ntawv tshawb fawb.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Hom Skeletal thiab Qauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv hom thav duab:
ntsiab lus lossis kab lus. Yog tias lub ncauj lus, tshooj lus thiab tshooj tshooj lus raug sau ua cov lus lossis kab lus luv. Yog tias cov kab lus, tshooj lus lub npe thiab tshooj tshooj tau sau ua kab lus ua tiav.
- Cov ntsiab lus-hom kab ke feem ntau siv rau kev tshawb fawb uas hais txog ntau yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tsim kho hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.
- Cov kab lus hom kab lus feem ntau siv rau kev tshawb fawb uas tsom mus rau cov teeb meem nyuaj.
- Qee tus xib fwb txwv tsis pub muab ob hom kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau tus kws qhia ntawv uas tso cai rau tshooj lus sau hauv kab lus luv luv thiab ntu ntu hauv kab lus ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb feem ntau yog ua nrog tus lej lej
Cov lej lej siv cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tus lej los cim thiab ua qeb ntawm cov qauv.
Thawj qib tau cim nrog cov lej roman (I, II, III, IV, thiab ntxiv rau), qib thib ob tau cim nrog cov tsiaj ntawv loj (A, B, C, D, thiab ntxiv rau), qib peb tau cim nrog tus lej (1, 2, 3, 4, thiab ntxiv rau), thiab qib plaub yog qhia los ntawm cov ntawv me (a, b, c, d, thiab ntxiv rau)
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua tib zoo siv cov ntawv loj
Hauv kab lus kab lus kab lus, tshooj thiab tshooj tshooj lus yuav luag ib txwm sau raws li cov cai rau siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj hauv kab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cai no tsis siv rau cov ntsiab lus hom kab ke.
- Muaj lub tswv yim tias thawj qib qib tau sau rau hauv txhua lub hau thiab cov npe qib tom qab tau sau raws li cov txheej txheem kev cai ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kab lus.
- Lwm lub tswv yim qhia tias thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus, tsis yog txhua tus tsiaj ntawv, yuav tsum tau sau ua tus lej thawj qib thiab tom qab ntawv cov npe qib yuav tsum tau nqis peev raws li tus qauv kev cai rau kev nqis peev hauv kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua tib zoo saib qhov ntev ntawm tus ncej
Qhov ntev ntawm tus qauv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua li ib feem plaub lossis ib feem tsib ntawm qhov kwv yees ntev ntawm daim ntawv tshawb fawb.
- Rau ib nplooj ntawv 4-5 nplooj, tus qauv feem ntau tsuas yog 1 nplooj ntawv.
- Rau ib nplooj ntawv 15-20 nplooj, kab lus feem ntau tsis tshaj 4 nplooj ntawv.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Qib Skeleton
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom paub cov txheej txheem ib qib zuj zus
Cov kab lus qhia ib qib tsuas yog muaj tshooj lus nkaus xwb (tsis muaj tshooj qis).
- Cov npe hauv tshooj tau cim nrog cov lej Roman.
- Cov qib ib qib feem ntau tsis siv rau cov ntawv tshawb fawb vim tias lawv tsis tshwj xeeb lossis ntxaws ntxaws. Txawm li cas los xij, pib los ntawm kev tsim ib qib zuj zus raws li nws muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv thiab tuaj yeem nthuav dav raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txhim kho mus rau lub hauv paus ob qib
Txhawm rau tsim cov ntawv tshawb fawb, cov txheej txheem ob qib tau siv ntau dua. Lub moj khaum no tsuas yog muaj 2 qib, uas yog qib thib ib (tshooj) thiab qib thib ob (ntu ntxiv).
- Hauv lwm lo lus, tsuas yog siv 2 tus lej lej uas siv, uas yog cov lej roman (thawj qib) thiab cov tsiaj ntawv loj (qib thib ob).
- Txhua ntu ntu (qib thib ob) hauv txhua tshooj (thawj qib) tham txog cov lus sib cav tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm tshooj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txhim kho mus rau theem peb theem
Cov theem peb qib yog qhov nyuaj dua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog ua kom raug, cov qauv no tuaj yeem pab koj txhim kho koj cov ntawv tshawb fawb.
- Hauv peb qib kev teeb tsa, tus lej thiab tus qauv siv yog Roman lej (qib thawj), cov tsiaj ntawv loj (qib thib ob), thiab cov lej (qib thib peb).
- Hauv qib peb, tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus ntawm qib thib ob lossis qib ib.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv daim duab plaub qib yog tsim nyog
Txog kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, plaub txheej txheej yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, tus lej thiab tus qauv siv yog cov lej roman (thawj qib), cov ntawv loj (qib ob), tus lej (qib thib peb), thiab cov ntawv qis (qib plaub).
Hauv qib plaub, tham txog nqe lus, lub tswv yim, lossis cov lus txhawb rau txhua nqe lus ntawm qib peb
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Cov Cheeb Tsam ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Thov siv txoj kev sib txig sib luag
Txhua tshooj npe thiab tshooj ib tshooj ntawm txhua qib yuav tsum muaj tus qauv zoo ib yam.
- Kev sib txig sib luag hauv nqe lus nug yog kev siv "ntsiab lus" piv rau "kab lus" tus qauv piav qhia tau piav qhia hauv ntu "Hom thiab Cov Qauv ntawm Cov Qauv".
- Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib txig sib luag kuj tseem hais txog cov lus kawm thiab lub sijhawm. Yog tias ib lub npe pib nrog cov lus qhia, lwm qhov yuav tsum tau pib nrog cov lus qhia. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus qhia siv kuj tseem yuav nyob rau tib lub sijhawm (feem ntau yog tam sim no).
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj cov ntaub ntawv
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv thawj tshooj yuav tsum tseem ceeb ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv hauv tshooj tom ntej. Cov lus qhia no tseem siv rau cov tshooj lus me.
- Tshooj yuav tsum hais txog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb.
- Nqe lus tshooj yuav tsum piav qhia cov tswv yim uas tau hais hauv tshooj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb cov ntaub ntawv
Npaj rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv tshooj kom dav dav thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov kab lus hauv qab kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau txog kev nco thaum yau, "Memorable Childhood Experiences" tuaj yeem yog tshooj lus lub npe, thaum ntu ntu ntu tuaj yeem yog "So thaum koj muaj 8 xyoos", "Kuv nyiam hnub yug", thiab "Picnic nrog tsev neeg"
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia tawm cov ntaub ntawv
Txhua tshooj yuav tsum muab faib ua ob lossis ntau ntu. Hauv lwm lo lus, hauv cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig, txhua tshooj muaj tsawg kawg 2 kab lus hauv qab no.
Tsis muaj qhov txwv ntau tshaj ntawm cov tshooj hauv ib tshooj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj ntau dhau ntawm nws, tus txheej txheem yuav tshwm sim tsis xwm yeem lossis tsis meej pem
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Teeb Tus Txheej Txheem
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb los tham
Txhawm rau sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tshawb fawb yuav tsum paub. Cov kauj ruam no pab hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheem tag nrho nrog rau daim ntawv.
- Los ntawm kev paub qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb los tham txog, cov ntawv thesis tuaj yeem ua tau. Daim ntawv thesis yog kab lus uas piav qhia lub hom phiaj lossis kev sib cav ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb.
- Hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb, thesis nqe lus feem ntau yog sau rau saum lossis hauv thawj tshooj/"Kev taw qhia".
- Paub txog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tseem yuav pab koj txiav txim siab cov npe ntawv tsim nyog.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb los tham hauv daim ntawv
Txhua lub tswv yim tseem ceeb tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia thiab tseem yog ib feem lossis tag nrho ntawm tshooj tshooj lus (qib ib qib) raws li lub cev ntawm daim ntawv.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog kev nthuav dav uas txhawb nqa lossis dhau los ua cov ntawv. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yuav tsum yog dav heev
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
Nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv siab, txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim uas cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm zoo tshaj plaws. Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau tau teeb tsa los ntawm dav dav mus rau tshwj xeeb txawm hais tias nws tseem tuaj yeem raug xaj raws sijhawm lossis thaj chaw.
- Kev txiav txim raws sijhawm tuaj yeem tsuas yog siv rau cov ncauj lus uas muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, kev siv sijhawm raws sijhawm ua rau tus qauv thiab ntawv zoo dua.
- Yog tias cov ncauj lus tshawb fawb tsis cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm, siv tus qauv ntu. Piv txwv li, yog tias tshawb fawb qhov cuam tshuam ntawm TV thiab vis dis aus game ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov hluas, keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev kawm tsis tsim nyog. Hloov chaw, piav qhia ntau yam kev xav uas muaj nyob ntawm cov ncauj lus lossis teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv siv lwm qhov chaw.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab tshooj tshooj
Thawj tshooj thiab tshooj kawg feem ntau yog "Taw qhia" thiab "Xaus". Tshooj seem sau cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus kws qhia ntawv txwv tsis pub siv cov lus "Taw qhia" thiab "Xaus". Yog tias yog, koj tuaj yeem hla ob ntu, tab sis sau daim ntawv thesis nqe lus cais, nyob rau sab saud ntawm kab lus
Kauj Ruam 5. Paub tias yuav suav nrog dab tsi hauv ntu "Kev taw qhia"
Qhov "Taw qhia" yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg suav nrog thesis. Ntxiv nrog rau thesis, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab cov nqes kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv "Kev taw qhia".
Cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau tau teev tseg ua ntu me me, tsis yog tshooj lus; tshooj lus hauv ntu no yog "Taw qhia"
Kauj Ruam 6. Paub tias daim ntawv muaj dab tsi
Cov kab lus lossis kab lus uas kov rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv tshawb fawb yuav tsum suav nrog hauv txhua tshooj hauv lub cev ntawm daim ntawv.
- Suav tag nrho cov tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv ntu ntawm kab lus no, zoo li hauv daim ntawv nws tus kheej.
- Kho cov tshooj hauv ntu no nrog cov tswv yim tseem ceeb teev tseg hauv ntu "Taw qhia".
- Suav nrog tsuas yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab txhawb cov ntsiab lus rau lub tswv yim ntawd (kab lus ob-theem, raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu "Cov Qauv Qhia Tawm"). Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib pawg lus tshwj xeeb (tus qauv peb qib) thiab txhawb cov ntsiab lus hauv kab lus ntawd (plaub qib qhia) kuj tseem yuav suav nrog.
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsim tshooj "Xaus"
Tshooj lus no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau tsawg kawg ob kab lus.
- Sau qhov thesis hauv kab lus sib txawv.
- Yog tias muaj cov lus xaus ntxiv tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, sau lawv hauv tshooj no. Nco ntsoov, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tshooj "Xaus" tsis tuaj yeem yog "tshiab"; yuav tsum tau tham txog lwm qhov hauv daim ntawv.
- Yog tias koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tshwm sim hauv "hu rau kev nqis tes ua (cov lus teb lossis kev nqis tes uas cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum teb rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no)", suav nrog hauv tshooj no ib yam. Cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau yog qhov kawg ntawm tus qauv.
Lub tswv yim
-
Nkag siab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tus qauv tuaj yeem txhawb koj kom ua tiav koj cov qauv.
- Tus txheej txheem zoo pab koj paub yuav sau dab tsi ntxiv rau hauv koj daim ntawv thiaj li txo qis tus neeg sau ntawv.
- Cov qauv qhia pab tswj kev sib koom ntawm cov tswv yim kom lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov lus txiav txim.
- Siv tus txheej txheem los txheeb xyuas yog tias koj qhov kev sib tham tsis zoo los ntawm lub ncauj lus tseem ceeb.
- Cov phiaj xwm nce kev txhawb siab kom sau ib daim ntawv vim tias koj paub ntau npaum li cas los ua kom tiav daim ntawv.
- Cov kab lus qhia pab koj npaj koj cov tswv yim ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab nkag siab tias lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg.
