Kev tsis tuaj kawm ntawv yog ib txoj hauv kev kawm uas muab kev ywj pheej ntau dua thiab tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kom muaj kev tswj hwm lawv tus kheej kev kawm ntau dua. Tsis zoo li cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem uas cov kev kawm tau ua los ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (thiab tsis yog ib txwm muaj tseeb) ntawm cov kev kawm, nrog cov cai nruj uas yuav tsom mus rau kev qhia menyuam ntau ntxiv txog kev mloog lus ntau dua li txhawb lawv lub siab nyiam.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Kawm Txog Tsis Mus Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshawb nrhiav ntxiv txog kev tsis mus kawm ntawv
Tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv tso cai rau tus menyuam kawm hauv lawv tus kheej txoj hauv kev, ib leeg zuj zus, siv lawv cov kev nyiam thiab xav paub ntau yam. Hloov chaw tsuas yog zaum hauv chav kawm rau 8 teev nyob rau ib hnub, lawv muaj peev xwm muaj cov phiaj xwm sib tham thiab muaj sijhawm kawm txuas ntxiv.
- Tsis kawm ntawv yog hloov pauv tau, vim tias txoj kev no hloov pauv thiab txav nrog tus menyuam thiab ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev nrawm. Txoj hauv kev no qhia cov menyuam yaus tias kev kawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tu ncua, tsis nyob hauv cov qauv nruj ntawm 'qhov tseeb' thiab ntsuas, tab sis nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntuj thiab tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab. Tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv cov dej num vim koj kawm txhua lub sijhawm.
- Muab sijhawm thiab kev kawm rau cov menyuam kom lawv tuaj yeem kawm ntawm lawv tus kheej yuav ua rau lawv muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm los lav ris thiab txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej.
- Cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem zoo ib yam yog qhov chaw rau kev khav theeb thiab tsim ciam teb raws cov chav kawm, haiv neeg, thiab poj niam txiv neej tau cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus tus cwj pwm thiab thaj tsam uas tau dhau los ua teeb meem hauv kev coj noj coj ua dav. Cov menyuam feem ntau kawm me ntsis ntau dua li yuav ua haujlwm li cas hauv ib lub system uas tsis txawm ua rau lawv zoo li tib neeg (ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm muaj cov dab neeg ntawm kev dag ntawm kev xeem, dag kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, thiab ntxiv rau).
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua tus saib xyuas txoj kev kawm
Tsis mus kawm ntawv txhais tau tias niam txiv thiab menyuam yuav tsum ua tus txheej txheem kev kawm. Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias niam txiv muaj lub luag haujlwm los ua 'xib fwb', yog li tham, tab sis yog koom nrog tus menyuam txoj kev kawm.
- Qhov no txhais tau tias ua haujlwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm txaus siab, nrhiav cov lus teb rau tus menyuam cov lus nug nrog tus menyuam (xws li: vim li cas ntuj thiaj xiav?).
- Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv thiab chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov niam txiv uas tsis xa lawv cov menyuam mus kawm ntawv, uas tuaj yeem pab muab tswv yim thiab daws teeb meem. Cov phau ntawv xws li John Holt's 'Qhia Koj Tus Kheej' lossis Grace Llewellyn's 'The Teenage Liberation Handbook'. Lossis txheeb xyuas cov ntawv nyeem hais txog tsis mus kawm ntawv ntawm Tus Kheej Ua Tus Kheej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm txhua lub sijhawm
Tsis mus kawm ntawv txhais tau tias kawm tsis tu ncua. Txoj hauv kev no mloog tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis nws txhais tau tias ntau dua li teem sijhawm tshwj xeeb los zaum thiab cim qee qhov tseeb, koj tus menyuam yuav raug nthuav tawm mus rau lub ntiaj teb thiab txoj hauv kev kawm uas muaj.
Koj yuav pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau koj thiab koj tus menyuam kom kawm paub ntau yam thiab tej zaum yuav dhau los ntawm qee qhov kev sim thiab yuam kev los txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam kawm, vim tias tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev kawm
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm txog kev tsis mus kawm ntawv thiab lub sijhawm mus kawm ntawv qib siab
Koj yuav xav tias tus menyuam uas tsis mus kawm ntawv tsis tuaj yeem mus kawm ntawv qib siab (thiab tib yam teeb meem siv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev), tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb tiag. Yog lawm, tsis yog txhua tus xav tau lossis xav tau mus kawm qib siab, tab sis feem ntau xav tias lawv ua.
- Cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab xws li Harvard, MIT, Duke, Yale, thiab Stanford tau mob siab nrhiav cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj lwm txoj hauv kev kawm, vim tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv zoo li no tau txais credit ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais kawm ib txwm nyiam ua tau zoo dua, vim tias lawv ntau dua raug rau kev kawm nrog kev txhawb siab tus kheej.
- Cov tsev kawm qib siab feem ntau tau hloov kho lawv txoj cai txais neeg kawm kom yooj yim dua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv thov.
- Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua yog tias koj yog tub ntxhais kawm tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas xav mus kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm txhua yam koj ua, nco ntsoov tias koj paub thiab ua tiav lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm txhua yam xws li SAT (Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Zoo) thiab cov ntawv thov xa, thiab tsom mus rau koj cov ntawv sau tseg.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Tsis Muaj Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib tus menyuam nyiam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis mus kawm ntawv yog tsom mus rau tus menyuam txoj kev kawm thiab qhov chaw uas nws nyiam. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau lawv kom txaus siab nyeem lossis suav, tab sis yog tias lawv raug tso cai ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv yuav muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
- Txhawb kom lawv txaus siab rau ib yam dab tsi. Yog tias lawv txaus siab rau kev ua noj ua haus, nrhiav qee qhov kev lom zem ua noj ua haus sim thiab sim lawv ua ke, lossis cia cov menyuam sim lawv tus kheej. Kev ua noj ua haus tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam, xws li lej (nrog rau ib feem thiab ntau npaum li cas) nrog rau cov txuj ci uas siv tau.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam nyiam tsim cov dab neeg, ua ib qhov tswv yim sau ntawv thiab tham txog cov cim sib txawv hauv lawv tus kheej kev ua si thiab cov dab neeg uas lawv (thiab koj) yuav nyeem. Lawv yuav kawm paub txog tus yam ntxwv, kev txawj sau ntawv, thiab lawv yuav muaj kev lom zem heev.
- Yog tias lawv xav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus koj tsis nkag siab, muaj qee qhov kev kawm online dawb zoo uas lawv tuaj yeem kawm, xws li Khan Academy. thiab Tus Kheej Ua Tus Kheej. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov chav kawm qib siab online dawb hauv Open Culture database.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim los kawm
Nov yog ib qho ntawm kev lom zem thiab txaus siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsis mus kawm ntawv. Koj thiab koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim sib txawv los kawm paub txog lub ntiaj teb.
- Txheeb xyuas cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv koj cheeb tsam. Ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj hnub tshwj xeeb nrog kev pub dawb, lossis tsuas yog pub dawb rau menyuam yaus, thiab cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem yog kev lom zem. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj muaj cov ntawv teev npe online, yog li txawm tias koj tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo thiab ntxim nyiam.
- Cov tsev qiv ntawv yog qhov chaw zoo rau kev kawm. Cov tsev qiv ntawv feem ntau muaj ntau qhov haujlwm txuas ntxiv nrog rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab kev qhuab qhia, nws yeej ua tau ntau dua li tsuas yog muaj ntau phau ntawv nthuav! Txheeb xyuas koj lub tsev qiv ntawv daim ntawv qhia hnub xwm txheej kom pom dab tsi tshwm sim thiab tham nrog cov menyuam txog yam lawv yuav nyiam.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam txaus siab rau qee yam thiab koj paub ib tus neeg uas muaj txuj ci zoo, saib seb koj puas tuaj yeem cia koj tus menyuam kawm los ntawm lawv ib hnub, lossis ib lub lim tiam, lossis txawm tias ob peb zaug hauv ib hlis. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog leej twg los ntawm kws ua zaub mov, kws qhia tshuaj lom neeg, lossis kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog muab kev paub rau tus menyuam tshiab, tab sis nws tseem yog txoj hauv kev zoo rau tus menyuam kom pom lwm qhov kev pom thiab koom nrog ntau dua hauv ntiaj teb neeg laus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv kev lom zem ua si thiab phiaj xwm raws li kev kawm paub
Txij li koj yuav xav tau ntau txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim thiab lom zem los kawm, siv kev ua si sib txawv thiab cov phiaj xwm tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los pab txhawb kev kawm.
- Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hom kev lag luam zoo li cas nyob hauv koj cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nyob ze dej hiav txwv, kawm paub txog tsiaj hiav txwv thiab ntau hom dej hiav txwv. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau, taug kev mus rau lub puam hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov plhaub thiab cov tsiaj hiav txwv.
- Yog tias koj tau txais lossis tuaj yeem tsim lub tsom iav raj, koj tuaj yeem siv nws los saib saum ntuj hmo ntuj thiab tham txog hnub qub. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ua txoj hauv kev los tham txog kev ntseeg dab neeg siv cov hnub qub ua piv txwv.
- Siv lub tshuab tsom iav, tshuaj xyuas cov av los ntawm lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev thiab vaj, tom qab ntawd sib piv. Tham txog vim li cas thiaj muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom av thiab dab tsi ua rau nws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Teb cov lus nug
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj tau teem sijhawm los teb cov lus nug nrog koj tus menyuam. Koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm txhua qhov kev kawm, tab sis thaum lawv nug lus nug, zaum nrog lawv kom pom cov lus teb.
- Koj tuaj yeem taw tes rau lawv mus rau phau ntawv qhia kev paub (lossis internet) thiab qhia lawv saib nws thiab tom qab ntawv qhia rau koj paub. Yog tias lawv nrhiav tsis tau nws hauv 10 feeb, ua haujlwm nrog lawv txhawm rau nrhiav cov lus teb.
- Yog tias tsis muaj lus teb, lossis tsis muaj cov lus teb raug, koj tuaj yeem tham txog vim li cas thiab tham txog txoj hauv kev koj tuaj yeem sim nrhiav cov lus teb rau koj thiab koj tus menyuam. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tham txog qhov nqus yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas tsis muaj leej twg paub qhov laj thawj tseeb. Koj tuaj yeem sim sim nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (vim tias, leej twg tsis nyiam pov cov khoom los ntawm cov tsev siab).
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis pub kawm ntawv (kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv)
Qee lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tsis mus kawm ntawv ua ntej koj tsis mus kawm ntawv. Qhov no qee zaum tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj tus menyuam tau nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem rau qee lub sijhawm. Tsis pub dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv txhais tau tias muab sijhawm so rau lawv, ob peb lub lis piam lossis ib hlis, txhawm rau ua kom lub tsev kawm ntawv puas.
Thaum lawv nkag mus rau qhov kev sib dhos yooj yim dua, tham txog yam lawv xav kawm thiab lawv xav kawm nws li cas. Lawv tsis tas yuav muaj ib yam meej meej tam sim ntawd thiab nyob ntawd, koj tsuas tuaj yeem qhia lub tswv yim tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv ntxiv lawm
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua siab ntev
Koj yuav tsis pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsis mus kawm ntawv tam sim ntawd. Qee lub sij hawm menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tawv ncauj thiab tsis xav kawm dab tsi, tshwj xeeb yog tias lawv tau nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem ib ntus ua ntej. Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog qhov ntawd. Nws yuav siv sijhawm los kho qhov system tshiab thiab khawb rov qab rau hauv lawv qhov kev xav paub ntuj.
- Koj yuav tsum ntseeg koj tus menyuam kom tswj hwm lawv txoj kev kawm. Cov menyuam yaus nyiam nyob hauv ntiaj teb thiab xav paub txog yam. Txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm, lawv yuav pib kawm, vim tias lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem tuav rov qab.
- Kev tso siab rau menyuam kom kawm tau tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nyob tsis tswm thiab tsis mob siab rau kawm (zoo li feem ntau tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv). Kev tswj hwm qhov chaw tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab lom zem yuav ua rau lawv txaus siab kawm ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Nyeem Ntawv Thaum Tsis Nyob Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias tsis muaj hnub nyoog nyeem ntawv "raug"
Rau cov niam txiv uas tab tom txiav txim siab tsis mus kawm ntawv, nyeem ntawv zoo li yog teeb meem loj. Kev nyeem ntawv feem ntau sib npaug nrog kev txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm xav txog thaum cov menyuam yuav tsum nyeem tau tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb. Menyuam kawm nyeem thaum lawv xav nyeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txaus siab rau txoj kev qhia
Ua kom kev nyeem ntawv yooj yim, zoo li kev ua si loj (tsis dag), tab sis txaus siab thiab yooj yim heev. Thaum cov menyuam raug "kawm" (tsis coaxed, tsis yuam) hauv kev nyeem ntawv ua si, lawv zoo li muaj kev xav zoo ib yam ntxiv rau kev nyeem ntawv. Txoj hauv kev no yuav ua rau lawv yooj yim kawm nyeem thaum lawv xaiv "ua si" nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua si tshawb nrhiav lo lus:
Qhia lawv cov lus zoo ib yam li "qhib/tawm" ntawm lub teeb hloov (sau nrov nrov li "rau/tawm", thiab "tawm/tawm", thiab ntxiv rau.) Nrhiav cov lus "thawb/rub, taug kev/nres, nkag mus /tawm "ntawm lub qhov rooj ua haujlwm thiab zoo li, ob thiab peb lub suab lus, thiab ntxiv ob peb lo lus nrog cov suab lus tseem ceeb xws li" EXIT "thiab" INIT "pom. Thaum nyob hauv tsev, qhia lawv txog txhua tus ntawv thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhia "suab" ntawm txhua tsab ntawv, tsis yog lub npe. A yog lub npe, tab sis "a, ah" yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm lub suab, zoo li qhov no yuav ua rau lub suab txaus luag.
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov tub-ntxhais kawm ntawv tawm mus yuav pib tsis tuaj yeem nyeem thiab tom qab ntawd ua tau zoo nyeem nrawm. Yog li txawm tias koj tus menyuam muaj 4 xyoos lossis laus dua, txhua tus yuav kawm nyeem ib lub sijhawm uas yooj yim tshaj rau lawv
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom cov txheej txheem yooj yim:
Tsis txhob xaj koj tus menyuam nyeem qee yam. Qhov phem tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog ua rau koj tus menyuam nyuaj siab vim lawv tsis nyiam nyeem ntawv. Nov yog boomerang uas ua rau lawv tsis nyiam nyeem ntawv. Thaum tus menyuam muaj kev ntxhov siab, nws tsis tshua muaj peev xwm lees txais cov lus qhia sai thiab yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov menyuam uas muaj teeb meem (lossis tsis xis nyob) nrog kev nyeem ntawv muaj feem ntau ua piv txwv coj tus cwj pwm zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tsis yog kawm zoo siab.
Piv txwv li, tsis txhob ua menyuam yaus sau cov lus uas lawv xav kawm. Koj yuav pom tias lawv tsis tshua xav kawm cov lus ntau dua yog tias lawv sab laug los kawm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhia tawm cov tsiaj ntawv li cas kom tau txais cov lus tshiab, xws li “k-u-c-i-n-g, ka u se en ge”, “cat”; "miv"! Tsis txhob yuam phonics ua lus qhia rau lawv, tab sis cia tus menyuam muaj sijhawm ib ntus, yog li kom muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm kev nkag siab lo lus lossis lub tswv yim. Yog tias koj tus menyuam sim sau ntawv, qhia qhov txaus siab txawm hais tias kev sau ntawv yog qaij me ntsis thiab sau txawv thiab lom zem heev. Hais tias, "Tam sim no koj tau ua tiav lawm. Mus txuas ntxiv!”
Kauj Ruam 5. Qhia ntau npaum li cas koj muaj nuj nqis rau kev nyeem
Los ntawm kev nyeem qee yam uas nyob deb heev ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, koj yuav qhia koj tus menyuam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Koj tsis tas yuav tham txog kev nyeem ntawv txhua txhua ob hnub, tab sis muaj phau ntawv ncig lub tsev, tham txog phau ntawv uas koj nyeem rau koj tus menyuam.
- Nug koj tus menyuam seb hom ntawv twg lawv nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nco ntsoov muaj ntau ntawm lawv ib ncig (xws li los ntawm lub khw muag ntawv lossis los ntawm kev mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab khaws lawv nrog koj tus menyuam).
- Tsis txhob nyeem txhua qhov nyeem rau lawv. Thaum nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los pab koj tus menyuam thaum lawv nug cov lus nug, los ntawm tsis ib txwm nyeem dab tsi rau lawv, lawv yuav paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm nyeem. Yog li, piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom nyeem ib zaj dab neeg rau lawv, nyeem nws nrawm uas haum rau koj lub sijhawm. Yog tias lawv xav mus rau zaj dab neeg sai dua, lawv yuav tsum kawm nyeem nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txhawb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog
Cov menyuam yaus yuav kawm tau zoo dua thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg ntawm pawg hnub nyoog sib txawv, nrog kev nyeem ntawv thiab cov neeg tsis nyeem ntawv sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, nrog pab pawg menyuam yaus ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog lossis pab pawg nyeem ua ke tom tsev nrog tsev neeg.
- Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau kawm nyeem los ntawm kev ua si ntawm cov neeg uas nyeem tau thiab cov uas nyeem tsis tau. Muaj ntau qhov kev ua si uas yuav tsum nyeem kom nkag siab thiab cov neeg uas tuaj yeem nyeem tau yuav txhais lawv rau cov uas nyeem tsis tau. Cov neeg ua si uas tseem nyeem tsis tau pib kawm cov lus thaum lawv ua si.
- Qee lub tswv yim rau tsev neeg nrog ntau lub hnub nyoog sib cuam tshuam tuaj yeem saib TV nrog cov ntawv sau kom cov tib neeg uas nyeem tsis tau pib txheeb xyuas cov lus thiab ntawv thiab muaj sijhawm nyeem ua ke uas txhua tsev neeg tuaj yeem nyeem nrov nrov. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tseem tuaj yeem nyeem nyeem txhua hmo thaum cov niam txiv lossis cov nus muag nyeem rau lawv cov nus muag uas nyeem tsis tau.
Kauj Ruam 7. Kawm los ntawm kev sau ntawv
Feem ntau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyeem vim lawv kawm sau ntawv. Lawv feem ntau kawm sau vim lawv xav sau qee yam ntxim nyiam: cov kab lus ntawm cov duab lawv kos, lawv tus kheej, thiab sau ntawv rau lawv tsev neeg.
Pab koj tus menyuam sau ib yam dab tsi thaum lawv thov koj pab. Yog tias tsis yog, qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo kom lawv txheeb cov lus ntawm lawv tus kheej cov lus. Tsis txhob txhawj, lawv yuav kawm paub sau zoo, txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm me ntsis
Kauj Ruam 8. Mloog koj tus menyuam
Cov theem no tsuas yog cov lus qhia rau yam uas yuav pab koj tus menyuam kawm nyeem. Tus neeg uas paub zoo tshaj plaws txog koj tus menyuam txoj kev kawm yog koj tus menyuam. Ua tib zoo saib lawv kawm dab tsi thiab lawv xav ua dab tsi. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis mus kawm ntawv yog hais txog kev cia koj tus menyuam coj tus txheej txheem kev kawm ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam xav mus nrog lwm tus menyuam ntau dua, nug seb lawv puas nyiam ncaws pob (zoo li ncaws pob) lossis yog lawv xav koom nrog pab pawg hauv zej zog.
- Koj tuaj yeem xa koj tus menyuam mus rau qee lub tsev kawm ntawv 'tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv'. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nruab hnub, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los tshuaj xyuas ib puag ncig koj thaj chaw thiab saib seb koj puas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw zoo li Zinn Txoj Haujlwm Kev Kawm los pab nrog cov tswv yim kawm tsis yog hauv tsev kawm hauv keeb kwm.
- Nrhiav lwm tus neeg zoo li lub siab, thiab koom tes nrog lawv. Nws pab tau ntau yam yog tias koj muaj zej zog txhawb cov neeg los qhia tswv yim thiab kev ntxhov siab nrog. Nws tseem yog txoj hauv kev zoo rau koj tus menyuam kom tau txais cov phooj ywg los cuam tshuam nrog.
