Txoj hauv kev sau ntawv sau siv Cornell system tau tsim los ntawm Dr. Walter Pauk ntawm Cornell University. Nws yog cov txheej txheem siv dav rau kev sau ntawv hauv kev qhuab qhia lossis thaum nyeem ntawv. Siv Cornell system tuaj yeem pab koj sau ntawv, ua rau koj muaj zog hauv kev tsim kev paub, txhim kho kev kawm, thiab coj koj mus rau kev kawm tau zoo.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Npaj Koj Lub Notepad
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rau koj li Cornell-style notes
Txawm hais tias koj tab tom siv phau ntawv lossis cais cov ntawv los ua ke hauv phau ntawv tuav, koj yuav xav tau nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev sau ntawv. Faib txhua daim ntawv ua ntu ntu; txhua feem muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kos kab rov tav raws daim ntawv hauv qab
Kab no yog kwv yees li ib feem plaub ntawm nplooj ntawv, lossis kwv yees li 5 cm los ntawm hauv qab. Tom qab ntawv, ntu no yuav raug siv los piav qhia koj cov ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kos kab ntsug nqes hav ntawm sab laug ntawm koj daim ntawv
Kab no yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 6 cm ntawm sab laug ntawm nplooj ntawv. Nqe lus no yuav siv los tshuaj xyuas koj cov ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Cia qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm nplooj ntawv siv ua qhov chaw sau cov lus qhuab qhia lossis nyeem ntawv
Tshooj rau sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv no ua rau koj muaj chaw txaus los sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv Is Taws Nem los tshawb nrhiav Cornell cov ntawv sau ua qauv yog tias koj xav tau txoj hauv kev nrawm
Yog tias koj xav sau ntau cov ntawv thiab/lossis txuag sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv dawb rau kev sau ntawv Cornell-style. Luam tawm daim ntawv dawb paug thiab ua raws tib theem rau koj siv.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Kev Sau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau lub npe chav kawm, hnub tim, thiab lub ncauj lus ntawm kev qhuab qhia lossis nyeem ntawv nyob rau saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv
Ua nws tas li, thiab qhov no yuav pab khaws koj cov ntawv sau tseg thiab ua kom yooj yim dua rau koj los tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau ntawv ntawm qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm nplooj ntawv
Thaum mus koom kev qhuab qhia, lossis nyeem ntawv, sau cov ntawv tsuas yog hauv ntu mus rau sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kws qhia tau sau rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm lossis qhia hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv cov ntawv sau los mloog lossis nyeem
Thaum twg los xij koj pom lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, sau nws.
- Saib xyuas cov cim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv hais qee yam xws li "peb qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm X yog …" lossis "muaj ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas X thiaj tshwm sim," qhov no tej zaum yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg.
- Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv los ntawm kev qhuab qhia, mloog cov ntsiab lus uas tau hais txog lossis rov ua dua, vim tias cov no feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Cov lus qhia no tsim nyog yog tias koj tab tom nyeem cov ntawv thiab hla cov lus zoo li qhov piv txwv saum toj no. Cov ntawv luam tawm, piv txwv li, feem ntau tso tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qhov ua siab loj, lossis rov hais dua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kab duab lossis kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 4. Khaws cov ntawv yooj yim
Xav txog koj cov ntawv sau ua kab lus piav qhia lossis nyeem ntawv. Tsom ntsoov rau kom tau txais cov lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus yog li koj ib txwm nkag siab cov lus qhuab qhia lossis nyeem ntawv - koj yuav muaj sijhawm los tshuaj xyuas thiab sau cov ntsiab lus uas ploj lawm tom qab.
- Tsis txhob sau cov kab lus tag nrho, siv cov cim, cov ntawv luv (xws li "&" hloov "thiab"), cov ntawv luv, thiab cov cim dab tsi koj siv rau koj tus kheej cov ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, tsis txhob sau tag nrho kab lus, xws li “Hauv 1703, Peter the Great nrhiav tau St. Petersburg thiab xaj kom txhim kho nws thawj lub tsev, Peter thiab Paul Fortress ", koj tsuas yog sau" 1703-Peter nrhiav tau St. Pete & tsim Peter & Paul Fort ". Sau cov ntawv luv luv yuav ua rau koj yooj yim dua mloog thaum sau cov lus tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov tswv yim dav dav, tsis yog piv txwv piav qhia
Nrhiav tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tswv yim hauv kev qhuab qhia, ntau dua li sim sau txhua qhov piv txwv uas tus kws qhia ntawv yuav muab los piav qhia lub tswv yim. Kev rov sau dua koj tus kheej cov lus yuav tsis tsuas yog txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab chaw, tab sis nws tseem yuav txhawb koj kom tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov tswv yim nthuav tawm thiab koj tus kheej cov lus teb rau lawv, uas yuav pab koj nco qab cov ntaub ntawv tom qab.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tus kws qhia tau hais hauv kev qhuab qhia (lossis phau ntawv hais qhia): "Hauv kev tsim Tsev Kawm Ntawv St. Petersburg ib qho kev xav thoob ntiaj teb, yog li ntawd ib feem ntawm Peter lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua rau Russia 'lub qhov rais ntawm Sab Hnub Poob' ua tiav ", tsis txhob sim luam txhua lo lus!
- Sau koj tus kheej cov lus, piv txwv li: "Peter ntiav cov kws tsim khoom, cov kws tsim vaj tsev, cov neeg tsim nkoj, thiab lwm yam los ntawm thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe - nws lub hom phiaj: St. Pete = 'qhov rai ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob'".
Kauj Ruam 6. Tshaj tawm, kos kab, lossis pib nplooj ntawv tshiab thaum lub ncauj lus tshiab tshwm sim
Qhov no yuav pab koj lub hlwb npaj cov khoom. Nws tseem yuav pab tsom mus rau kev kawm cov ntu sib txawv thaum twg koj xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov lus nug uas los rau koj lub siab thaum mloog lossis nyeem
Yog tias muaj qee yam koj tsis nkag siab, lossis xav paub ntau ntxiv txog, sau nws rau ntawm daim ntawv. Cov lus nug no yuav pab qhia meej txog yam koj tau nqus, thiab yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kawm tom ntej.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau txog keeb kwm ntawm St. St
Kauj Ruam 8. Kho koj cov ntawv kom sai li sai tau
Yog tias muaj qee qhov ntawm koj cov ntawv uas nyuaj nyeem lossis tsis nkag siab, kho lawv thaum cov khoom tseem tshiab hauv koj lub siab.
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas thiab Txhim Kho Koj Cov Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Sai li qhov kev qhuab qhia lossis kev nyeem ntawv xaus, khaws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis qhov tseeb ntawm sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv. Sau cov ntawv luv luv hauv kab ntawv sab laug - saib cov lus tseem ceeb lossis kab lus luv luv uas sib tham txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lossis lub tswv yim. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog ib hnub los ntawm sijhawm tham lossis nyeem ntawv yuav ua rau kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub hlwb ntau heev.
- Txheeb xyuas lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv kab ntawv rau sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv tuaj yeem pab koj txheeb xyuas nws. Koj tseem tuaj yeem sim kos nrog cov cim xim lossis cim xim, yog tias koj yog tus kawm paub pom kev zoo.
- Hla tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab ke no yog tias koj yuav kawm paub txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Xyaum txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas koj yuav tsis xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov lus nug tau hauv kab sab laug
Raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm sab xis, xav txog cov lus nug uas yuav tuaj txog ntawm qhov kev xeem, tom qab ntawd sau lawv rau hauv kab lus ntawm sab laug. Qhov no, tom qab tuaj yeem siv los ua kev pab kawm.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias ntawm sab xis koj sau "1703-Peter nrhiav tau St. Pete & tsim Peter & Paul Fort", tom qab ntawd, ntawm sab laug, koj tuaj yeem sau cov lus nug "Vim li cas thawj Peter & Paul Fortress tsev nyob hauv St. Pete?"
- Koj tuaj yeem sau cov lus nug taug qab uas tseem tsis tau teb rau hauv koj cov ntawv, xws li "Vim li cas …?", Lossis "Xav txog dab tsi yuav tshwm sim yog …?", Lossis "Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm …?" (piv txwv li, "Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi rau Lavxias Lub Tebchaws los ntawm kev hloov pauv peev los ntawm Moscow mus rau St. Petersburg?) Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau koj qhov kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau cov tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv
Qhov no yuav pab qhia meej cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tau sau tseg. Sau tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom hauv koj tus kheej cov lus yog txoj hauv kev zoo los xyuas kom koj nkag siab. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem sau cov nplooj ntawv sau tseg, koj twb pib nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv lawm. Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kheej, "Kuv yuav piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv no rau lwm tus li cas?"
- Feem ntau, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav pib qhov kev sib tham hauv chav kawm los ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau hnub ntawd, piv txwv: "Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog A, B, thiab C." Ib yam li ntawd, ntu hauv phau ntawv luam tawm feem ntau suav nrog cov lus qhia uas piav qhia lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem los ua cov lus qhia rau kev sau ntawv, thiab xav txog nws li cov ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas koj yuav sau rau hauv qab ntawm koj nplooj ntawv sau tseg. Suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv uas koj xav tias tseem ceeb rau koj lossis koj xav tias yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum kawm.
- Ob peb kab lus feem ntau txaus rau nplooj ntawv ntsiab lus. Suav nrog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, cov qauv, lossis kab kos hauv kab lus luv luv, yog tias tsim nyog.
- Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem sau ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, siv koj cov ntawv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thaj chaw uas xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv lossis nug koj tus kws qhia ntawv kom paub ntau ntxiv.
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Siv Koj Cov Lus Cim los Kawm
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem koj cov ntawv
Ua tib zoo mloog ntawm kab lus ntawm sab laug thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv qab. Ob ntu no muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav xav tau rau koj txoj haujlwm lossis kev xeem.
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem sau kab lossis kos cov ntu tseem ceeb nrog cov cim xim thaum tshuaj xyuas
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov ntawv sau los ntsuas koj qhov kev paub
Npog sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv (sau kab lus) nrog koj txhais tes lossis lwm daim ntawv. Muab rau koj tus kheej los ntawm kev teb cov lus nug uas yuav tshwm sim uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kab sab laug. Tom qab ntawd tig mus rau sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas koj qhov kev nkag siab.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem nug tus phooj ywg kom muab koj tus kheej xeem raws li cov ntawv sau hauv kab sab laug, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua ib yam rau lawv
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshuaj xyuas koj cov ntawv kom ntau li ntau tau
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntau zaus nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev dua, tsis yog sau koj tus kheej nrog cov ntawv sau ua ntej kev xeem, yuav ua rau koj lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua rau koj nkag siab tob dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Nrog cov ntawv sau tau zoo tsim los siv Cornell system, koj tuaj yeem kawm tau zoo dua thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau.
