Tus txheej txheem, lossis tus qauv, yog txoj hauv kev zoo los npaj cov tswv yim thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev hais lus, sau ntawv, ntawv tshiab, lossis phau ntawv qhia kev kawm. Thaum xub thawj, kev sau kab ntawv yuav zoo li nyuaj, tab sis lub peev xwm no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev teeb tsa kev sau ntawv. Pib los ntawm kev npaj tus qauv thiab xaiv tus qauv. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nchuav koj cov tswv yim rau hauv kab lus.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Npaj Cov Qauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav piav qhia ntawm tes lossis ntaus ntawv
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tus qauv qhia rau koj tus kheej siv, xaiv qhov uas muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj rau koj. Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua haujlwm, ua raws cov lus qhia tau muab.
- Qee tus neeg ua cov tswv yim zoo dua thaum lawv sau tseg. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov duab kos los yog piv txwv uas hais txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov ncauj lus. Txawm li cas los xij, tsim cov txheej txheem zoo li qhov no yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua thiab tsis zoo li qub.
- Nws yuav yooj yim dua los ntaus yog tias koj cov ntawv tau sau hauv koj lub computer lawm vim tias lawv tuaj yeem theej ncaj qha rau hauv kab lus. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim npaj cov ntu. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tuaj yeem luam tawm thiab muab tso los ntawm tus qauv rau hauv daim ntawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws nyuaj rau sau cov ntawv ntawm cov npoo ntawm nplooj ntawv lossis kos duab kab hauv computer cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nqaim lub ntsiab lus
Cov qauv qhia pab koj npaj koj cov kev xav, tswv yim, lossis kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog lub ncauj lus. Tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tus txheej txheem yog qhov tsis muaj qab hau. Cov ncauj lus tuaj yeem ua raws txoj haujlwm lossis los ntawm tus kheej lub hom phiaj.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim xws li cov ntawv tshiab, txiav txim siab lub tswv yim, hom ntawv, lossis qhov ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, cia tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov qauv qhia pab koj teeb tsa cov ntawv tshiab.
- Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias lub ncauj lus nthuav dav me ntsis thaum xub thawj, tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev taw qhia. Piv txwv li, lub ncauj lus ntawm koj daim ntawv keeb kwm yog lub neej hauv Java thaum Nyij Pooj tau ua haujlwm thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Thaum sau tus qauv, nqaim lub ncauj lus no los tham txog Jugun Ianfu, piv txwv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Teem lub hom phiaj qhia, xws li qhia tawm, lom zem, lossis xav txog
Xav txog yam koj xav ua kom tiav nrog tus qauv. Koj puas xav ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm sau ntawv? Sau ntawv tshiab? Hais lus? Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sau ntawv, phau ntawv, lossis kev hais lus yuav ua rau koj cov neeg mloog. Feem ntau, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sau ntawv yog txhawm rau tshaj tawm, lom zem, lossis rov hais dua tus kws sau ntawv mus rau tus nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom paub cov neeg mloog
Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov qauv qhia ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm lossis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau yog siv rau ib leeg, txhawm rau pab ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm lossis ua tiav lub hom phiaj. Rau tsev kawm ntawv lossis ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa thiab nthuav qhia koj lub tswv yim kom yooj yim rau lwm tus nkag siab.
- Txog kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv ua haujlwm dua lossis tham nrog tus kws qhia. Rau kev ua haujlwm, siv tus qauv uas twb muaj lawm ua piv txwv.
- Yog tias tsuas yog koj yuav pom tus qauv, thov xaiv hom ntawv uas haum tshaj plaws. Piv txwv, sau nrog cov ntawv luv thiab cov cim.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov ntawv, tshawb fawb, lossis lwm yam khoom txhawb nqa yog tias muaj
Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau sau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, sau ntawv, lossis kev paub tus kheej. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ua kab lus vim tias cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm kab lus yuav raug kos los ntawm qhov ntawd. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Lub tswv yim hauv cov lus sib txawv
- Tsocai
- Txheeb cais
- keeb kwm qhov tseeb
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas lub tswv yim tseem ceeb lossis kev sib cav
Sau cov tswv yim, cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, thiab cov lus nug uas koj yuav xav tau teb. Rau cov phiaj xwm muaj tswv yim, sau cov tswv yim keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis cov ntsiab lus ntsiab lus. Sau txhua yam koj xav suav nrog hauv kab lus. Tom qab ntawd, cov tswv yim tsis tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ib txwm. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev los npaj cov tswv yim:
- Sau cov tswv yim uas tuaj ua lus dawb
- Tsim daim duab qhia chaw.
- Sau kev xav ntawm daim npav ntsuas.
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsim cov ntawv thesis lossis tswj lub tswv yim rau tus qauv
Feem ntau, qhov no yuav yog thesis uas tau siv los ua kom tiav cov khoom kawg, xws li kev sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tswv yim tswj hwm lossis lub hauv paus dav dav thaum tsim cov ntsiab lus rau cov ntawv tshiab lossis phau ntawv qhia kev kawm. Cov thesis yuav qhia tus qauv hauv kev tsim cov ntu thiab ntu uas npaj cov ntaub ntawv.
Piv txwv, hais tias koj xav sau ib daim ntawv hais txog txoj cai hloov pauv. Koj daim ntawv thesis tuaj yeem yog qee yam xws li, "Cov neeg tsim cai yuav tsum tau ua ntu zuj zus thaum siv txoj cai hloov pauv kom txo qis kev tsis sib haum, tso cai rau kev hloov kho, thiab txhawb kev sib haum xeeb." Peb qhov laj thawj tau hais tseg hauv thesis yuav yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Tsim Qauv Txheej Txheem
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim tus lej piav qhia kom yooj yim kwv yees
Txawm hais tias koj yuav tsis paub lub npe, feem ntau cov qauv qhia ua raws tus lej lej. Txhua ntu ntawm tus txheej txheem tau teeb tsa nrog tsab ntawv lossis tus lej. Nov yog kev npaj tus lej lej, los ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb mus rau cov ntsiab lus qis:
- Roman Numbers - I, II, III, IV, V.
- Uppercase - A, B, C.
- Cov lej Latin - 1, 2, 3
- Cov tsiaj ntawv tsawg - a, b, c
- Cov lej Latin hauv kab zauv - (1), (2), (3)
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim kom muaj tus lej zauv los qhia kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tswv yim
Cov lej zauv yog zoo ib yam li cov lej lej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lej zauv tsuas yog siv tus lej, thiab txhua qib qis tau teev nrog tus lej. Qhov no cia koj ua piv txwv tias txhua qib qis yog ib feem ntawm kev sib cav loj dua. Kev sau zauv zauv ntawm no tsis siv tus lej cim, tab sis lub sijhawm, tom qab ntawv sau ua lus Askiv. Nov yog qhov nws zoo li:
-
1.0 - Txoj cai hloov pauv maj mam txhawb nqa kev pom zoo
-
1.1 - Ob tog cuam tshuam txoj cai
- 1.1.1 - Txhua tog neeg nthuav tawm ib rooj plaub ua ntej kev xaiv tsa
- 1.1.2 - Cov pej xeem hais lawv lub tswv yim
- 1.2 - Ob tog tsis tau txais txhua yam lawv xav tau
-
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav sau cov kab lus lossis kab lus luv
Cov kab lus feem ntau siv cov kab lus luv luv, uas tseem hu ua kab lus piav qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, siv cov kab lus ua tiav tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab cov tswv yim. Yog tias koj sau rau ntawm daim ntawv raws li tus txheej txheem ntawd, cov kab lus tag nrho yuav qhia meej meej pib rau daim ntawv kawg.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus luv los npaj cov tswv yim sai, qhia cov lus hais, lossis qhia koj tus kheej.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus kom yooj yim dua xa mus rau daim ntawv kawg, los tsim cov ntawv qhia kev kawm, lossis ua kom tiav cov haujlwm uas xav tau.
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Npaj Tswv Yim
Kauj Ruam 1. Pab pawg koj lub tswv yim
Sau cov kev kawm thiab cov tswv yim cuam tshuam hauv tib pab pawg. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv thaum xub thawj. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tswv yim uas dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Cov tswv yim no yuav yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog li yuav tsum tau koom ua ke kom txog thaum koj tau txais tus lej xav tau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Rau kev sau ntawv lossis hais lus, qhov ntawd txhais tau tias 3 cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim yuav muaj ntau dua.
- Yog tias cov tswv yim tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv lossis ua rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia siab, siv cov xim sib txawv los txheeb xyuas cov tswv yim uas poob rau hauv tib pab pawg.
- Txheeb tawm cov npav cim cim, yog tias koj siv lawv. Sau cov npav nrog cov tswv yim cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, teeb tsa los yog kab rau kom nyeem tau yooj yim dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj txhua pab pawg raws li cov tswv yim dav mus rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb
Cov tswv yim sab nraud tuaj yeem yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thaum cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntaub ntawv los txhawb lub tswv yim. Koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab txhawb cov ntsiab lus, nyob ntawm seb hom kev qhia nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, sim muab tsawg kawg 2–3 cov ntsiab lus me me thiab 2–3 txhawb cov ntsiab lus rau txhua lub tswv yim tseem ceeb.
- Piv txwv li, koj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog Mary Shelley's Frankenstein tso kev xav ua ntej ntawm kev nkag siab zoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yog Victor Frankenstein tau rov qab los ntawm xwm thiab tias nws qhov kev sim tshawb fawb tau tsim cov dab. Raws li cov ncauj lus txhawb nqa, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog nqe lus los ntawm phau ntawv.
- Yog tias koj tab tom sau ib zaj dab neeg lossis nthuav tawm keeb kwm kev sib cav, kev hais kom raws sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Rau kev sau ntawv lossis hais lus, xaiv cov ntsiab lus me me nrog cov khoom txhawb nqa tshaj plaws, thiab ua raws cov lus sib cav no. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, txheeb cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kom lawv ntws ib txwm mus rau tom ntej.
- Lub tswv yim dav yuav tsum txuas rov qab rau nqe lus thesis lossis tswj lub tswv yim. Yog tias tsis yog, rov sau cov thesis kom pom lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog hauv tus qauv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav nrog cov lus taw qhia ua thawj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau koj cov lus hais lossis sau ntawv
Koj tuaj yeem siv kab lus luv lossis ua kom tiav kab lus, raws li koj nyiam. Qee tus neeg nyiam sau cov lus qhia, thiab qhov ntawd zoo ib yam. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no xav tau hauv kev taw qhia:
- Qhov qhib uas ua rau cov neeg mloog mloog
- 1-2 nqe lus dav dav ntawm lub ncauj lus
- Thesis
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim lub cev lub npe, yog tias tsis yog
Lub ntsiab lus lub ntsiab lus yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Sau nrog Roman Numerals rau hom ntawv xov tooj (I, II, III) lossis Latin Numerals rau cov lej zauv (1.0, 2.0, 3.0). Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv, qhov no yog lub cev ntawm tsab ntawv. Lub tswv yim no yuav tsum tau kos ncaj qha los ntawm thesis lossis tswj lub tswv yim. Piv txwv li, cov kab lus piav qhia lub ntsiab lus rau cov ntsiab lus nthuav qhia saum toj no yuav zoo li no:
- Cov kab lus luv: II. Frankenstein ua ntej qhov kev xav ntawm kev nkag siab zoo
- Ua kom tiav kab lus: II. Hauv Frankenstein, Mary Shelley qhia ntau ntxiv txog kev siv kev xav zoo li kev nkag siab zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau tsawg kawg 2 kab lus rau txhua lub tswv yim tseem ceeb
Subpoints yog qib thib ob. Yog li sau nws A, B, lossis C rau cov lej lej lossis 1 lub ntsiab lus zauv rau hom zauv (1.1, 1.2). Nov yog lub tswv yim uas qhia meej txog lub ntsiab lus. Hauv kev sau ntawv, qhov no yuav yog qhov laj thawj los sib cav. Hauv kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim, qhov no yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Koj yuav xav tau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv tshiab muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Phau ntawv qhia kev kawm kuj tseem yuav muaj ob peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv yam tsawg 2 qhov kev txhawb nqa cov ntsiab lus rau txhua kab lus
Cov ntsiab lus no yuav txhawb lossis qhia txog lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv daim ntawv hais ncaj qha, txheeb cais, qhov tseeb, lossis piv txwv. Nov yog qib peb. Yog li, siv Latin Numerals rau hom ntawv xov tooj (1, 2, 3). Rau hom zauv, siv 2-dot decimal (1.1.2).
- Hauv cov ntawv sau, qhov no yog qhov koj feem ntau "ua pov thawj" qhov kev sib cav.
- Txog kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv qhov xwm txheej, xws li kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab hauv ntawm tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
- Ib yam nrog cov ntsiab lus me me, txhawb cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ntxiv, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj. Cov ntawv tshiab lossis phau ntawv qhia kev kawm yuav muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ntxiv cov txheej ntxiv, yog tias tsim nyog
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim feem ntau muaj 3 txheej, tab sis koj yuav xav tau ntau ntxiv. Yog tias yog, txuas ntxiv tsim cov sublevel siv hom ntawv xaiv, cov lej thiab lej lossis zauv. Piv txwv li, koj xav tau ntau txheej ntxiv kom ntxaws. Hauv Frankenstein tus piv txwv saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qib 4 los tawm tswv yim ntawm nqe lus siv los txhawb lub ntsiab lus. Nov yog yuav ua li cas ntxiv txheej:
-
Cov lej lej:
- Roman numerals
- Uppercase
- Cov lej Latin
- Cov ntawv me
- Cov lej Latin hauv kab ntawv
-
Zauv:
- 1.0
- 1.1
- 1.1.1
- 1.1.1.1
Kauj Ruam 8. Qhia tawm koj cov lus xaus, rau kev sau ntawv sau lossis hais lus
Tsis txhob sau qhov xaus vim tias nws yuav yooj yim dua los sau nws thaum sau ntawv lossis hais lus tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum npaj koj cov kev xav. Qhov xaus cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Rov qab thesis
- 1-2 kab lus luv luv.
- Sau ib nqe lus xaus
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Tiav Tus Txheej Txheem
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem kab ntawv uas tau ua los kom ntseeg tau tias lub hom phiaj ua tiav
Tus qauv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txuas rov qab mus rau thesis lossis lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, ua tiav lub hom phiaj, thiab xav txog cov neeg mloog. Yog tsis yog, koj yuav xav tau kev kho dua tshiab.
Los ntawm kev rov nyeem dua, koj tuaj yeem pom ntu lossis cov tswv yim uas koj tau ploj mus. Yog tias koj pom cov cheeb tsam uas tseem muaj lus nug tsis teb, sau cov khoob ntawd nrog cov ntaub ntawv
Kauj Ruam 2. Rov kho dua yog tias tsis muaj tswv yim los yog tsis tsim
Hauv qee kis, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv, xws li txhawb cov ntsiab lus, thiab qhov ntawd tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab. Koj kuj tseem yuav tau sau dua ib kab lus lossis kab lus kom lub tswv yim meej dua.
Yog tias tus qauv qhia tau ua rau koj tus kheej, tej zaum qhov teeb meem no tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj txog
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho kom raug yog tias tus qauv yuav raug sau
Txheeb xyuas qhov ua yuam kev, kev ua yuam kev grammatical, thiab ua tsis tiav hauv kev teeb tsa. Qhov no ua kom koj tau txais cov qhab nia puv. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab lus tsis zoo tuaj yeem siv ua kab lus luv luv.
- Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo kom muaj lwm tus neeg tshuaj xyuas qhov ua yuam kev vim nws feem ntau nyuaj rau pom qhov ua yuam kev hauv koj tus kheej txoj haujlwm.
- Thaum kho, tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv ua haujlwm dua kom paub tseeb tias txhua qhov xwm txheej tau ua tiav. Yog tsis yog, kho cov cheeb tsam uas xav tau kev txhim kho.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov txheej yog tsim nyog
Yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv cov sublayers, siv cov lej Roman me (i, ii, iii, iv, thiab lwm yam), tom qab ntawv muaj cov tsiaj ntawv qis (a, b, c, d, thiab lwm yam), thiab thaum kawg tus lej ntxiv (1, 2, 3 4, ib.). Feem ntau, peb lossis plaub txheej yog txaus. Sim ua ke cov ntsiab lus ua ntej ntxiv rau txheej thib 5.
- Thov ntxiv txheej yog tias koj xav suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
- Cov txheej txheem ntxiv tuaj yeem xav tau rau cov ntawv muaj tswv yim ntev lossis cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog kev kawm.
Lub tswv yim
- Ua ib qho kev qhia luv thiab khov kho. Tsis tas yuav sau nws zoo, qhov tseem ceeb yog kom muaj peev xwm ua cov ntsiab lus.
- Tsis txhob ntshai rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseem ceeb thaum koj tshawb fawb thiab nqaim koj qhov kev tsom xam.
- Cov kab lus tuaj yeem siv ua cov cuab yeej cim. Xaiv cov lus luv los ua cov ntsiab lus.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntawv sau ua qauv los tsim cov qauv kab ke tau txais. Piv txwv li, nrog Microsoft Word koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia, lossis tsim koj tus kheej hom ntawv.
- Muab tus qauv qhia 0.5 mus rau 1 nti (1.3 txog 2.5 cm) dhau los rau qib dhau los txhawm rau ua kom txhua qib yooj yim txheeb xyuas. Nco ntsoov tias qhov tseeb yuav tsis pom meej hauv kab lus tag nrho.
- Yog tias koj pom cov pov thawj tawm tsam kev sib cav, tsis txhob quav ntsej nws. Suav nrog lawv hauv kab lus, thiab siv cov lus sib txuas los piav qhia koj cov lus sib cav.
Ceeb toom
- Feem ntau, zam tib cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm qib qhia. Yog tias muaj A, yuav tsum muaj B. Yog tsis yog, coj lub tswv yim A mus rau qib tom ntej.
- Tus txheej txheem tsis yog kev sau ntawv hauv lwm daim ntawv. Sau tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tsis txhob suav tag nrho cov ntsiab lus.
