Tom qab ua qhov kev tshawb fawb lossis tshawb fawb, cov kauj ruam tom ntej uas yuav tsum tau ua yog npaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm los piav qhia txog kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv uas pom hauv daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam. Cov ntawv ceeb toom feem ntau tau muab faib ua ob tshooj tseem ceeb, thiab txhua tshooj nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Txhawm rau sau cov ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zoo, xyuas kom koj muaj txhua tshooj hauv nws hauv qhov raug, thiab ua ib qho kev hloov kho tsim nyog kom ua tiav daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua ntej xa nws.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Sib Sau Cov Ntsiab Lus thiab Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab daim ntawv qhia faib ua tshooj loj
Feem ntau, txhua ntu hauv kab lus tshawb fawb yuav muab sau ua ntu ntu. Txawm hais tias hom ntawv sau txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia yuav txawv, feem ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib ntu yuav nyob zoo ib yam. Hom kev faib ntu ib txwm nyob hauv daim ntawv tshawb fawb yog:
- Nplooj ntawv npe
- daim ntawv teev cov ntsiab lus
- Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb los yog Abstract
- Tshawb Nrhiav Yav Tom Ntej thiab Lub Hom Phiaj
- Txoj kev tshawb fawb
- Kev tshawb fawb tshwm sim
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Lus Cog Tseg thiab Cov Ntawv Pom Zoo Sau
- ntawv txuas
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau 1 txog 2 nplooj ntawv tus thawj coj hais qhia tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam
Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus tswj hwm lossis feem ntau hu ua cov ntawv sau cia tau teev tseg tom qab cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntawv sau uas koj tsim yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom hauv cov lus luv luv thiab luv. Qee cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum suav nrog hauv cov ntsiab lus yog:
- Txoj kev tshawb fawb.
- Kev tshawb fawb tshwm sim.
- Kev tshawb fawb xaus.
- Cov lus pom zoo los ntawm tus sau yog ua raws qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia cov hom phiaj tshawb fawb hauv tshooj keeb kwm yav dhau
Pib tshooj los ntawm kev piav qhia vim li cas kev tshawb fawb tau ua. Ib qho ntxiv, kuj piav qhia koj qhov kev xav tsis zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig koj xav ua kom tiav. Feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem suav tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm ib nplooj ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias koj tseem muab cov lus piav qhia txog:
- Cov neeg pej xeem: Koj yuav tshawb nrhiav leej twg? Koj cov neeg teb tuaj ntawm ib pab pawg hnub nyoog, kev ntseeg, kev nom kev tswv, lossis lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig?
- Cov kev tshawb fawb hloov pauv: Koj xav paub dab tsi los ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas no? Puas yog koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tsom mus nrhiav kev sib raug zoo lossis koom nrog ntawm ob yam?
- Lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb: Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yuav siv li cas? Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab twg yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nyeem?
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los los ntawm kev nthuav qhia kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov ncauj lus tau tsa
Qhov tseeb, kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los yuav pab txiav txim siab seb koj li kev tshawb fawb tau txhawb lossis tsis lees paub cov kev xav uas cuam tshuam nrog lub ncauj lus. Sim sau 2 kab lus lossis ntau dua los piav qhia qhov teeb meem tau tsa thiab yuav ua li cas lwm tus kws tshawb fawb txog qhov teeb meem no.
- Sim nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb los ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cov phooj ywg-tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv xov xwm. Ib qho ntxiv, tseem nyeem cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm cov tuam txhab zoo sib xws, cov koom haum cuam tshuam nrog, ntawv xov xwm, lossis xav tso tsheb hlau luam.
- Sib piv koj daim ntawv tshaj tawm thiab lawv li. Puas yog koj cov ntawv tshawb fawb txhawb lossis tsis lees paub lawv cov lus thov? Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab twg koj tuaj yeem nthuav qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv?
- Piav txog cov teeb meem tau tsa thiab suav nrog cov pov thawj uas tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas. Piav cov txiaj ntsig koj xav nrhiav thiab vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv koj muab tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Piav Qhia Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Cov txiaj ntsig
Kauj Ruam 1. Piav qhia koj txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv kab lus tshawb fawb lossis tshawb fawb txheej txheem tshooj
Ua qhov no txhawm rau pab cov nyeem nkag siab cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas uas koj tab tom ua. Feem ntau, tshooj no tau sau ob peb nplooj ntawv ntev tom qab keeb kwm thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Qee cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav tsum suav nrog hauv tshooj no yog:
- Koj yog leej twg teb? Koj yuav txheeb xyuas poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog thiab lwm yam ntxwv hauv pab pawg neeg teb li cas?
- Puas yuav ua qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm e-mail, xov tooj, lub vev xaib tshwj xeeb, lossis kev xam phaj tim ntsej tim muag?
- Cov neeg teb yuav raug xaiv los ntawm random lossis tsis?
- Koj tus qauv loj ntawm cov neeg teb? Hauv lwm lo lus, pes tsawg tus tib neeg uas koj tau xaiv los teb cov lus nug nug?
- Tus neeg raug foob puas tau txais khoom plig tom qab ua daim ntawv nug?
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav txog hom lus nug uas yuav tsum tau teb hauv kab lus tshawb fawb tshooj lus
Qee hom kev nug uas nquag nug yog xaiv ntau yam, xam phaj, thiab ntsuas ntsuas (xws li Likert scale). Hauv ntu no, piav qhia lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov lus nug uas koj tau xaiv thiab muab qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov lus nug nug.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm lo lus nug los ntawm kev sau, "Cov neeg teb tau raug nug kom teb cov lus nug txog lawv cov dej num niaj hnub thiab kev noj zaub mov."
- Tsis txhob teev tag nrho cov lus nug hauv nqe lus no. Koj tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv teev cov lus nug ua tiav hauv thawj daim ntawv ntxiv (Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv A).
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshaj tawm cov ntawv soj ntsuam hauv ntu cais
Tom qab piav qhia cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj ntsuam kom ntxaws, txav mus rau ntu tshiab kom xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb. Feem ntau, cov ntawv soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau sau ua ob peb nplooj ntawv. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem faib nws ua ob peb tshooj qis kom nws yooj yim rau cov nyeem nkag siab.
- Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txais los ntawm kev xam phaj nrog cov neeg teb, sim xaiv ntau qhov lus teb cuam tshuam thiab suav nrog lawv hauv ntu. Koj tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv nug lossis ua tiav kev xam phaj raws li txuas nrog.
- Yog tias koj daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam muaj ob peb ntu cais, nco ntsoov tias koj tseem tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua ntu cais hauv ntu tshiab.
- Tsis txhob ua cov lus foob hauv ntu no. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsuas yog tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv siv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog, piv txwv xam phaj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau.
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Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia tawm cov ncauj lus uas nyiam tus neeg teb
Feem ntau yuav yog, koj tau tswj hwm los sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg teb. Txhawm rau pab cov nyeem nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, sim ua kom pom ib qho qauv ntxim nyiam, kev hloov pauv, thiab kev soj ntsuam.
- Piv txwv li, cov neeg teb ntawm tib pab pawg hnub nyoog puas muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam ntawm cov lus teb rau cov lus nug tshwj xeeb?
- Soj ntsuam cov lus nug uas muaj cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv lwm lo lus, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg teb tau teb tib lo lus nug. Koj xav tias cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau li cas?
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Ntawv Ntsuam Xyuas
Qhia Koj Tus Phooj Ywg Zoo Koj Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab Kauj Ruam 3 Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas thaum pib qhov xaus
Txhawm rau pib qhov xaus ntu, sau ib kab lus uas tuaj yeem suav tag nrho koj daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam. Dab tsi tuaj yeem nyeem tau los ntawm koj daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas?
- Nov yog tib qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem koom nrog tus kheej. Piv txwv li, koj yuav xaus tias cov nyeem yuav tsum tau ceeb toom, txhawj xeeb, lossis txaus siab rau qhov teeb meem ntawm tes.
- Piv txwv li, hais qhia tias txoj cai tam sim no ua tsis tiav thiab yog vim li cas tom qab cov lus xaus no, lossis hais tias qhov kev soj ntsuam pom tias ua tiav ntawm lub tuam txhab txoj cai kom ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj.
Sau Blog Post Kauj Ruam 12 Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia koj cov lus pom zoo
Tom qab tshaj tawm cov lus soj ntsuam, xa qhov kev hu mus rau qhov uas koj xav tias cov nyeem yuav tsum ua. Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm? Cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum ua dab tsi tom qab nyeem koj tsab ntawv ceeb toom? Nqe lus no tuaj yeem sau ua ob peb kab lus lossis ntau nplooj ntawv. Qee cov lus pom zoo uas feem ntau tau muab yog:
- Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau ntawm cov ncauj lus tau tsa.
- Kev hloov pauv hauv cov cai lossis cov cai yuav tsum tau ua.
- Cov tuam txhab lossis cov tsev haujlwm yuav tsum tau nqis tes ua tam sim ntawd.
Ua Tus Neeg Muaj Peev Xwm Kauj Ruam 17 Kauj Ruam 3. Suav tag nrho cov duab, kab kos, cov lus tshawb fawb cov lus, thiab cov lus pov thawj hauv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv
Thawj daim ntawv ntxiv (ntawv txuas ntxiv A) yuav tsum tau teb nrog cov lus nug uas koj tau faib rau cov neeg teb. Yog tias koj xav tau, tseem yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, cov lus xam phaj, cov ntaub ntawv kab lus, thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hauv qab no.
- Feem ntau, cov ntawv txuas tau sau nrog cov tsiaj ntawv, xws li Cov Ntawv Ntxiv A, Cov Ntawv Ntxiv B, Cov Ntawv Ntxiv C, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov neeg sau ntawv tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov ntawv txuas ntxiv uas cuam tshuam thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem hais tias, "Xa mus rau Daim Ntawv Ntxiv A rau cov lus nug" lossis "Tus neeg teb tau txais 20 lo lus nug (Cov Ntawv Ntxiv A)".
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Hloov kho Daim Ntawv Tshaj Qhia
Xam Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Kauj Ruam 12 Kauj Ruam 1. Ntxiv nplooj ntawv npe thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj 2 nplooj ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm
Ua rau lawv yog thawj feem ntawm koj daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Ntawm nplooj ntawv npe, suav nrog lub npe ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm, koj lub npe, thiab lub npe ntawm lub tsev haujlwm uas txhawb nqa koj. Tom qab ntawd, muab cov lus tso rau tom qab nws (nplooj ntawv thib ob).
Cov lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tus lej nplooj ntawv rau txhua tshooj lossis tshooj tshooj hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm
Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Kauj Ruam 23 Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov ntawv hais hauv hom ntawv thov
Feem ntau, cov ntawv ceeb toom ua rau kev kawm thiab/lossis lub hom phiaj kev tshaj lij yuav tsum tau sau ua hom tshwj xeeb. Qee qhov feem ntau siv cov ntawv tshaj tawm sau ntawv yog APA (American Psychological Association) thiab Chicago style ntawm kev sau ntawv.
- Feem ntau, cov lus piav qhia raug muab tso rau tom kawg ntawm kab lus hauv kab zauv, thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus sau lub npe, hom ntaub ntawv, tus lej nplooj ntawv, xyoo tshaj tawm, thiab lwm yam.
- Qee lub koom haum tshaj lij muaj cov cai sau tshwj xeeb. Sim nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav ntxiv txog cov cai no.
- Yog tias koj tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb sau hom ntawv, tsuas yog ua kom ntseeg tau tias hom ntawv koj siv txij thaum pib mus txog thaum xaus yog zoo ib yam. Hauv lwm lo lus, siv tib qhov sib nrug, qhov loj me, thiab hom ntawv citation thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Sau Blog Post Kauj Ruam 17 Kauj Ruam 3. Sau daim ntawv qhia meej thiab lub hom phiaj
Nco ntsoov, koj txoj haujlwm yog los tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam nrog koj qhov kev txiav txim siab! Yog tias koj xav muab kev pom zoo lossis kev xav ntawm tus kheej, ua li ntawd thaum kawg ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Tsis txhob sau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm nrog cov ntsiab lus hais txog tus kheej. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob hais tias, "Kev tshawb fawb qhia pom kev siv cov tshuaj tsis raug cai uas txaus ntshai thiab yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd." Hloov chaw, hais yooj yim, "Kev tshawb fawb qhia pom kev siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv."
Sau Phau Ntawv Qhia Qhia Kauj Ruam 6 Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv kab lus uas meej thiab yooj yim
Tshaj tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws! Hauv lwm lo lus, zam dhau cov lus nyuaj thiab/lossis lus paj ntoo. Txij li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau nyuaj heev, pab tus nyeem ntawv nkag siab qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv txoj hauv kev yooj yim ntawm kev sau ntawv.
- Yog tias koj muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau lo lus, kab lus, lossis kab lus, ua li ntawd. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob sau ntawv, "1 hauv 10 tus neeg lees tias haus cawv peb zaug ib hnub," hais yooj yim, "1 hauv 10 tus neeg haus cawv peb zaug ib hnub."
- Rho tawm txhua kab lus lossis lo lus tsis tseem ceeb. Piv txwv, tsis txhob sau ntawv, "Hais txog kev txiav txim siab zaus uas tus dev tau txais yuav," sau yooj yim, "Txhawm rau txiav txim siab zaus nrog cov dev twg uas tau saws."
Txais Yuam Kev thiab Kawm Los Ntawm Lawv Kauj Ruam 18 Kauj Ruam 5. Rov tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua ntej nws xa tuaj
Nco ntsoov tias koj daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj ib yam lus, sau ntawv, lossis ua yuam kev ua ntej xa nws.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tau suav nrog cov nplooj ntawv raug nyob hauv qab ntawm txhua daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
- Nco ntsoov, kev tshuaj xyuas kab lus hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj yuav tsis raug txhua qhov ua yuam kev. Yog li, txuas ntxiv nug lwm tus neeg los kho koj daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
