Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv ua lub hauv paus txheej txheem thiab qhia tus kws sau ntawv thaum pib ua cov ntawv. Tus qauv yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab npaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qhov tsim nyog thiab sib koom ua ke. Lub peev xwm los piav qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm vim tias tus saib xyuas feem ntau nug txog kab lus ua ntej daim ntawv kawg. Khaws nyeem kab ntawv no kom paub yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau tus qauv zoo rau ib daim ntawv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Npaj Tsim Tus Qauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua tib zoo nyeem phau ntawv qhia ua haujlwm
Kos lossis sau kab lus tseem ceeb thiab kab lus hauv cov lus qhia. Xyuas kom koj nkag siab tias yuav ua dab tsi ua ntej pib sau kab lus. Nug kom paub meej yog tias muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis meej lossis tsis meej pem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim ib lub ncauj lus
Thaum cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pab koj txhim kho thiab teeb tsa koj cov tswv yim, koj tseem yuav xav tau qee qhov kev xyaum sau ua ntej pib. Muaj ntau lub tswv yim sau ua ntej uas tuaj yeem pab koj tsim tswv yim.
- Sau tag nrho cov tswv yim uas tuaj (zoo lossis tsis zoo), tom qab ntawd saib cov npe ntawm cov tswv yim thiab pab pawg ua ke qee cov tswv yim zoo sib xws. Nthuav cov npe los ntawm kev ntxiv rau nws cov ntsiab lus lossis siv lwm qhov kev sau ua ntej.
- Sau ntawv dawb. Sau dab tsi rau 5-10 feeb tsis tu ncua. Ncuav txhua yam uas koj xav thiab tsis hloov. Thaum koj ua tiav, rov tshuaj xyuas nws dua thiab kos lossis kos kab hauv qab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Rov ua qhov kev tawm dag zog no siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawd ua qhov pib. Koj tuaj yeem rov ua ob peb zaug los hone thiab tsim tswv yim.
- Pawg Sau lub ntsiab lus nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv ntawv, tom qab ntawd ua voj voog rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, kos peb lossis ntau kab los ntawm lub voj voog. Qhov kawg ntawm txhua kab, sau ib lub tswv yim tshiab uas cuam tshuam nrog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Tom qab ntawd, kos peb lossis ntau kab los ntawm txhua lub tswv yim tshiab, thiab sau lwm cov tswv yim cuam tshuam. Txhim kho kom txog thaum koj xav tias zoo li koj tau tshawb nrhiav ntau qhov kev sib txuas raws li koj tuaj yeem ua tau.
- Nug. Nqa ib daim ntawv thiab sau "Leej twg? Dab tsi? Thaum twg? Nyob qhov twg? Vim li cas? Yuav ua li cas? " Sib cais txhua nqe lus nug los ntawm ob lossis peb kab kom koj tuaj yeem sau cov lus teb ntawm kab ntawd. Teb cov lus nug kom ntxaws li ntau tau. Qhov kev tawm dag zog no yuav tsim tswv yim thiab txheeb xyuas thaj tsam ntawm cov ncauj lus uas xav tau kev kawm ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub koj lub hom phiaj
Xav txog yam koj xav tau ntawm daim ntawv. Puas yog nws yaum, lom zem, ua kom pom kev, lossis lwm yam? Nco ntsoov tias koj lub hom phiaj yog ua raws cov haujlwm uas tau muab. Nrhiav cov ntsiab lus hauv phau ntawv qhia ua haujlwm kom paub seb lub hom phiaj yog dab tsi.
Kauj Ruam 4. Paub tus nyeem ntawv
Xav txog leej twg yuav nyeem koj daim ntawv. Xib fwb? Cov phooj ywg? Neeg txawv teb chaws? Paub koj cov kev xav tau thiab kev cia siab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab yam lawv paub thiab tsis paub txog lub ncauj lus. Cia siab rau lawv cov kev xav ib yam nkaus. Lawv yuav ua li cas rau cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav muab? Lawv puas yuav npau taws, tu siab, lom zem, lossis lwm yam?
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsim daim ntawv thesis
Tom qab tsim koj cov tswv yim thiab xav txog koj lub hom phiaj thiab cov neeg tuaj saib, koj tau npaj sau koj cov ntawv thesis. Daim ntawv thesis muaj txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm hais txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov lus sib cav. Qhov ntev ntawm thesis yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ib kab lus.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj qhov thesis yog kev sib cav. Tsis txhob hais qhov tseeb lossis saj. Piv txwv li, nqe lus "Soekarno yog thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Indonesia" tsis yog thesis zoo vim nws yog qhov tseeb. Ib yam li ntawd, "Wiro Sableng yog zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo" tsis tuaj yeem ua thesis vim nws yog saj.
- Nco ntsoov thesis muab cov ncauj lus txaus. Hauv lwm lo lus, zam kev tshaj tawm tias qee yam "zoo" lossis "muaj txiaj ntsig," hais dab tsi ua rau "zoo" lossis "muaj txiaj ntsig."
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Kev Txiav Txim Tus Qauv Qhia Qauv thiab Qauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv qhov yooj yim txheem tus lej lej qauv
Feem ntau siv thiab pom tau yooj yim pom tus lej thiab tus lej piav qhia, txhua qhov kev faib tawm tau qhia los ntawm cov lej Roman, cov ntawv loj, cov lej Latin, thiab cov ntawv qis, feem.
- Cov lej Roman (I, II, III, thiab lwm yam) tau siv los cim cov npe lossis ntu tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, peb ntu xav tau hauv kab lus piav qhia, uas yog rau kev taw qhia, rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham, thiab rau qhov xaus.
- Cov tsiaj ntawv loj (A, B, C, thiab lwm yam) kos cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv ntu tseem ceeb.
- Cov lej Latin (1, 2, 3, thiab lwm yam) tau siv los cais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
- Cov tsiaj ntawv me (a, b, c, thiab lwm yam) kom nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv cov qauv txheej txheem zauv los qhia qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv yim
Cov qauv no siv cov lej sib cais hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus lej. Cov qauv ntawm cov lej thiab cov lej lej yog ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhov qub, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob hauv cov lej uas txheeb xyuas txhua feem. Qee tus neeg nyiam cov qauv no vim tias nws qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm txhua ntu rau kev sau ntawv tag nrho.
- Cov lej zauv pib nrog "1.0" thiab tus so pib nrog tus lej tom ntej (2, 3, 4, thiab lwm yam). Yog li, thawj ntu yog "1.0", qhov thib ob yog "2.0", thiab ntu thib peb yog "3.0".
- Tus lej tom qab tus lej lej zauv pauv thaum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Piv txwv li, hauv ntu "1.0", muaj "1.1", "1.2", thiab ntxiv rau.
- Cov kab lus tom ntej tuaj yeem muab ntxiv nrog lwm qhov zauv zauv, ua raws tus lej sib raug rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Piv txwv li, hauv ntu "1.1", koj yuav pom "1.1.1", "1.1.2", thiab "1.1.3".
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim siab seb yuav siv cov kab lus ua tiav lossis kab lus luv luv hauv kab lus
Cov kab lus sau feem ntau siv cov kab lus ua tiav uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog lub hauv paus yuav tsum raug xa mus rau tus kws qhia.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv cov qauv sib luag rau cov pob txha pob txha
Piv txwv, yog tias ib feem pib nrog cov lus qhia, ntu tom ntej yuav tsum pib nrog cov lus qhia.
Piv txwv li, ntu kuv pib nrog kab lus "yuav ib phau ntawv tshiab", ntu ob yuav tsum pib nrog tib kab lus. Cov kab lus "nyeem phau ntawv tshiab" yuav tsim nyog dua, thaum "nyeem phau ntawv tshiab" yuav xav tias tsis tsim nyog
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas ntu kab lus thiab kab lus
Txhua nqe lus hauv nqe lus yuav tsum tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb ib yam li lwm nqe lus hauv nqe lus, thiab cov ntu yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tseem ceeb dua li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sau kab lus piav qhia txog kev nrhiav thiab nyeem phau ntawv uas nyiam tshaj plaws, thiab thawj feem ntawm tus txheej txheem yog lub ntsiab lus “Hnov cov ntaub ntawv hais txog phau ntawv”, tom qab ntawd “Nrhiav phau ntawv hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv” thiab “Nyeem phau ntawv” yog qhov tsim nyog cov npe rau lwm ntu. Lub npe ntawm ntu no qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem ceeb ib yam li lub npe ntawm ntu ntu ib. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis tsim nyog rau npe nqe lus nrog "nkag mus hauv chav thiab kaw lub qhov rooj". Kab ntawv no yuav zoo dua raws li kab lus hauv qab ntu "Nyeem phau ntawv"
Kauj Ruam 6. Faib txhua lub npe ua ob lossis ntau ntu
Txhawm rau muab cov ntaub ntawv txaus rau txhua ntu, koj yuav tsum faib txhua ntu ua ob lossis ntau ntu.
Piv txwv li, hauv ntu “Hnov cov ntaub ntawv hais txog phau ntawv”, koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog ntu ntu ntu “Tham nrog phooj ywg”, “Mloog xov tooj cua ntawm txoj kev mus rau tom tsev kawm ntawv”, thiab “Tshawb nrhiav phau ntawv tshiab tswv yim hauv internet”. Hauv qab ntawm txhua ntu no, koj tuaj yeem muab cov ntu ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav cov ntaub ntawv uas xav tau nkag mus
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Npaj Cov Ntaub Ntawv hauv Kab Lus Qhia
Kauj Ruam 1. Suav nrog cov lus qhia hauv thawj feem ntawm tus qauv
Tshooj lus no yuav tsum muab cov lus qhia coj mus pom thiab cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm lub ncauj lus. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus piav qhia yuav tsum maj mam dhau los ua qhov tshwj xeeb raws li nws nce zuj zus los ntawm cov lus cais. Cov kab lus kawg hauv kab lus piav qhia yuav tsum yog nqe lus thesis.
- Hauv qab kab lus, sau kab lus uas qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab ntawv thaum tuav tus nyeem ntawv mloog. Qhov tseeb tsis txaus ntseeg lossis cov lus qhia tsis tseeb yog txoj hauv kev zoo los pib.
- Lub ntsiab lus thib ob yuav tsum piav qhia lub ncauj lus, keeb kwm teeb meem, keeb kwm yav dhau los, lossis teeb meem raug tham. Nqe lus no luv, tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyeem yuav tsum nkag siab koj cov ntawv.
- Cov ntsiab lus kawg yuav tsum yog nqe lus thesis. Qhia lub tswv yim lossis kev sib cav uas koj yuav tham hauv kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus sib tham hauv ntu ob
Cov ntsiab lus lossis kev sib tham yog qhov loj tshaj ntawm kev sau ntawv. Yog li, tsim tsawg kawg peb ntu hauv ntu no.
- Tsis txhob sau txhua lub ntsiab lus "qhov tseem ceeb". Tsuas yog sau cov ntsiab lus tham.
- Hauv qab txhua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, sau cov pov thawj txhawb nqa. Suav nrog txhua qhov pov thawj txhawb nqa hauv kab sib cais thiab ntu ntu. Tom qab ntawd, sau cov lus piav qhia uas txheeb xyuas cov pov thawj thiab seb nws txhawb koj li kev thov.
- Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog cov kab lus hloov mus rau lub ntsiab lus tom ntej tom kawg ntawm txhua ntu "lub tswv yim tseem ceeb". Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tsim nyog tiag tiag.
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav nrog cov ntsiab lus xaus ntawm qhov kawg
Nqe lus no yuav tsum xa rov qab tus nyeem ntawv mus rau kev sib tham dav dav uas tau qhia hauv "kev taw qhia".
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, rov kho koj qhov thesis. Tsis txhob theej thesis thesis thawj nqe lus verbatim. Qhia lub tswv yim dua, tab sis hauv cov lus tshiab.
- Ua ib nqe lus xaus. Cov lus xaus feem ntau tham txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thesis, tawm tswv yim daws teeb meem tham hauv kab lus, lossis piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thesis rau qee yam uas dhau ntawm qhov sau tseg.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig nrog phau ntawv qhia ua haujlwm
Yog tias tus qauv yuav tsum xa, koj yuav tsum ib txwm muab piv rau phau ntawv qhia kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov kev xav tau ua tiav. Txheeb xyuas dua seb koj txoj haujlwm puas haum nrog tus kws qhia qhov kev cia siab kom koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qhab nia tag nrho.
