3 Txoj Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau Ntawv

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3 Txoj Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau Ntawv
3 Txoj Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau Ntawv

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau Ntawv

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau Ntawv
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Thaum sau ib daim ntawv lossis phau ntawv, phau ntawv sau lossis phau ntawv sau keeb kwm tseem ceeb heev. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov nyeem yuav paub cov peev txheej uas koj siv. Nws teev txhua phau ntawv, kab lus, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv hais txog uas koj tau hais lossis siv los ua kom tiav koj txoj haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm feem ntau yog ua raws peb yam hauv qab no: American Psychological Association (APA) rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, Lub Koom Haum Hais Lus Niaj Hnub (MLA) rau cov ntaub ntawv tib neeg, thiab Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv (CMS) rau kev kawm txuj ci. Nco ntsoov tias koj paub cov style nyiam ntawm koj tus kws tshuaj xyuas, txawm yog xibfwb lossis tus thawj coj.

Kauj ruam

Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Sau Phau Ntawv Sau APA Style

Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 19
Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 19

Kauj Ruam 1. Ua ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg ua tim khawv

Muab ib nplooj ntawv tom kawg ntawm daim ntawv los sau cov ntaub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem muab lub npe "Siv". Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov peev txheej siv los sau daim ntawv.

Sau Txog Koj Yam Koj Nyiam thiab Txaus Nyiam Kauj Ruam 1
Sau Txog Koj Yam Koj Nyiam thiab Txaus Nyiam Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb koj cov neeg ua tim khawv raws tus sau lub xeem

Koj yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub xeem, tom qab ntawv ua ntej thiab nruab nrab yog tias tsim nyog. Yog tias nws hloov tawm tias muaj ntau dua ib tus kws sau ntawv, sau qhov kev txiav txim uas lub npe tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siv, teeb tsa tus tsiaj ntawv los ntawm lub xeem lub npe ntawm thawj tus sau.

Piv txwv li, yog tus sau lub npe yog John Adams Smith, koj yuav tsum suav nrog "Smith, JA," ua ntej sau lub luag haujlwm

Sau Cov Lus Hais Qhia Koj Tus Kheej Kauj Ruam 9
Sau Cov Lus Hais Qhia Koj Tus Kheej Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 3. Siv ellipsis yog tias muaj ntau dua xya tus neeg sau

Suav cov npe ntawm xya tus kws sau ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd siv lub ellipsis (hauv daim ntawv ntawm peb tus lej). Tom qab tus ellipsis, sau lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus sau uas teev nyob hauv qhov chaw siv.

Piv txwv, yog tias lub hauv paus muaj kaum ob tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus sau xya yog lub npe "Smith, JA" tom qab ntawd tus kws sau kaum ob hu ua "Timothy, S. J." tom qab ntawd sau thawj rau tus kws sau ntawv thiab tom qab ntawv sau "Smith, J. A. … Timautes, SJ”

Sau Txog Koj Yam Koj Nyiam thiab Txaus Nyiam Kauj Ruam 3
Sau Txog Koj Yam Koj Nyiam thiab Txaus Nyiam Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov peev txheej los ntawm tib tus neeg sau keeb kwm

Qee zaum thaum sau qee hom ntawv koj yuav siv cov peev txheej uas los ntawm tib tus neeg sau. Pib nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm ua ntej ua raws los ntawm qhov seem hauv lub sijhawm.

Ua Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Rooj Sib Tham Kauj Ruam 10
Ua Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Rooj Sib Tham Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 5. Siv cov ntaub ntawv twg los xij uas koj muaj yog tias tsis muaj tus sau

Qee zaum cov peev txheej tau muab los ntawm ib lub koom haum xws li American Medical Association, lossis txawm tias tsis muaj tus kws sau ntawv hlo li. Yog tus sau yog ib lub koom haum, sau lub npe ntawm lub koom haum. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias tsis muaj tus sau, tsuas yog sau lub npe ntawm qhov chaw.

Piv txwv, yog tias koj muaj WHO tsab ntawv ceeb toom yam tsis muaj tus sau, thov sau, "World Health Organization," Report on Development Strategies in Developing Countries, "July 1996."

Thov rau Kev Tso Cai Ua Lag Luam Kauj Ruam 8
Thov rau Kev Tso Cai Ua Lag Luam Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 6. Sau kab thib ob ntawm txhua qhov chaw nkag mus

Yog tias lub hauv paus muaj ntau dua ib kab, kab thib ob thiab kab tom ntej yog kab hauv qab 0.5 ntiv tes lossis 1.25 cm. Tom qab ntawd, thaum hloov pauv mus rau qhov chaw tom ntej, pib ntawm qhov txwv qis.

Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 17
Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 17

Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov lus piav qhia ntawm tsab xov xwm siv

Cov kab lus piav qhia tau sau los ntawm suav nrog tus sau lub npe, ua raws xyoo, tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm kab lus, lub npe ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov ntawv qaij, ntim thiab tus lej lej (yog tias muaj), thiab nplooj ntawv nplooj ntawv. Cov hom ntawv zoo li no: Tus Sau, A. A., & Tus Sau, B. B. (Xyoo). "Lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm." “Cov Ntawv Sau Npe”, tus lej lej (tus lej tus lej), nplooj ntawv.

  • Piv txwv ntawm kab lus piav qhia suav nrog: Jensen, OE (2012). "African Ntxhw." Savannah Peb Hlis, 2 (1), 88.
  • Yog tias nws los ntawm lub caij nyoog uas ib txwm pib txhua kab lus los ntawm nplooj 1 (hom ntu no hu ua "tshaj tawm nrog nplooj ntawv tus lej raws li kab lus"), koj yuav tsum suav nrog tag nrho pawg ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm kab lus.
  • Yog tias tsab xov xwm raug coj los ntawm cyberspace, xaus nrog cov lus "Tau los ntawm" thiab ua raws los ntawm lub vev xaib.
Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 36
Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 36

Kauj Ruam 8. Sau cov phau ntawv teev tseg

Pib nrog tus sau lub npe, ua raws xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm, lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab ntawv, qhov chaw tshaj tawm, thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Cov hom ntawv yog raws li hauv qab no: Tus Sau, A. A. (Xyoo). Phau ntawv npe. Qhov chaw: Publisher.

  • Piv txwv li: Worden, B. L. (1999). Hais lus Eden. New York, New York: One Two Press.
  • Yog tias lub npe muaj ntau dua ib lo lus thiab tsis muaj cov npe tshwj xeeb (cov npe tsim nyog; xws li cov npe neeg, npe hnub, npe tsiaj, thiab lwm yam), tsuas yog thawj lo lus muaj peev txheej. Tom qab ntawd, tsuas yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm kab ntawv yuav tsum tau ua tus peev txheej.
Ua Lag Luam Cov Khoom Kauj Ruam 1
Ua Lag Luam Cov Khoom Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj ruam 9. Teev npe lub vev xaib. Nkag mus rau tus sau lub npe, hnub puv, npe kab lus, thiab cov lus "coj los ntawm" ua raws los ntawm lub vev xaib. Hom ntawv yog raws li hauv qab no: Tus Sau, A. A. (Xyoo, Hli, Hnub). Lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm/cov ntaub ntawv. Muab los ntawm https:// URL ntawm nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb.

  • Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub vev xaib citation yog raws li hauv qab no: Chaw txua txiag zeb, RR (Tsib Hlis 23, 2010). Qaum Ntuj. Tau txais los ntawm
  • Yog tias tsis muaj tus sau, tsuas yog pib nrog lub npe. Yog tias lub npe tseem tsis muaj, sau "nd"
Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 12
Muaj Kev Lom Zem Hauv Computer Kauj Ruam 12

Kauj Ruam 10. Txheeb xyuas lwm qhov chaw ntseeg siab rau lwm txoj cai citation

APA muaj ntau txoj cai hais txog kev txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej hauv cov npe siv. Yog tias koj siv cov peev txheej xws li cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov lus piav qhia, lub sijhawm online, thiab ntau dua, nrhiav lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau txog cov no ib yam. Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) lub vev xaib suav nrog kev pab tsim nyog txiav txim siab.

Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Sau MLA Phau Ntawv Teev Npe

Xam Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Kauj Ruam 12
Xam Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Kauj Ruam 12

Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim nplooj ntawv los sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv

Npaj nplooj ntawv tom kawg ntawm daim ntawv rau phau ntawv sau, hu ua "kev ua haujlwm citation" hauv MLA style. Sau “Cov Lus Qhia Ua Haujlwm” nyob rau sab saud ntawm nplooj ntawv. Nplooj ntawv no yuav tsum siv lub taub hau nrog koj lub xeem, ib yam li lwm nplooj ntawv. Nplooj ntawv tus lej tseem txuas ntxiv los ntawm nplooj ntawv dhau los..

Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 9
Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 2. Sau txhua lo lus hauv kab lus hauv cov tsiaj ntawv loj, tsuas yog rau kab lus, lus piav qhia ua ntej, thiab kev sib txuas

Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua txhua lo lus hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, tshwj tsis yog cov lus zoo li "ntawm", "rau", thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj tsis paub yuav sau lub ntsiab lus li cas hauv cov tsiaj ntawv loj, nws tsis yog rov nyeem cov cai hauv PUEBI lossis Cov Lus Qhia Hais Lus Suav Txawv Tebchaws.

Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 16
Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 16

Kauj Ruam 3. Siv qhov sib nrug ob npaug rau nplooj ntawv sau

Txhua nplooj ntawv hauv MLA-raws cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum yog ob npaug. Tsis tas yuav tsum tso chaw ntxiv nruab nrab ntawm cov peev txheej tsuav yog koj siv ob qhov chaw.

Tau Txais Txoj Haujlwm sai 8
Tau Txais Txoj Haujlwm sai 8

Kauj Ruam 4. Sau kab thib ob ntawm txhua qhov chaw nkag mus

Yog tias lub hauv paus muaj ntau dua ib kab, cov kab hauv qab no tau hloov pauv los ntawm 0.5 ntiv tes (1.25 cm). Thaum sau qhov chaw tshiab, rov qab mus rau qhov pib ua ntej.

Sau Daim Ntawv Thov Nyiaj Pab Kauj Ruam 10
Sau Daim Ntawv Thov Nyiaj Pab Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 5. Npaj koj cov peev txheej los ntawm tus sau lub xeem

Tom qab tus sau lub xeem, thov suav nrog lub npe thiab lub npe nruab nrab lossis lub npe, yog tias nws suav nrog hauv qhov chaw.

Tsis tas yuav tsum sau lub npe lossis tus lej ntawm tus sau hauv phau ntawv sau keeb kwm. Nws yuav tsum yog li ntawd txawm hais tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb teev nws

Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Kauj Ruam 1Bullet2
Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Kauj Ruam 1Bullet2

Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov phau ntawv teev tseg

Sau tus sau lub xeem thiab lub npe, sib cais los ntawm tus lej thiab xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, lub npe ntawm phau ntawv tau sau ua lus qaij thiab xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Qhov chaw nyob thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm tau muab cais los ntawm cov nyuv, ua raws tus lej thiab hnub tshaj tawm.

Piv txwv li no: Butler, Olivia. Zaj lus piv txwv ntawm Paj. Sacramento: Noob Xovxwm, 1996

Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb 5
Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb 5

Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov kab lus hais

Pib nrog tus sau lub xeem thiab lub npe, ua raws li lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, lub npe ntawm kab lus tau sau rau hauv cov lus hais thiab xaus rau lub sijhawm (tab sis tseem nyob hauv cov lus hais). Lub npe ntawm cov ntawv lossis phau ntawv tau sau tom qab nws hauv kab ntawv, ua raws los ntawm tus lej, ntim lej, tus lej lej, thiab hnub tshaj tawm, txhua qhov sib cais los ntawm tus lej. Thaum kawg, txoj hnyuv tau siv los cais hnub tshaj tawm, lub npe ntawm kab lus, lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, ntim thiab cov lej tus lej, hnub tim, thiab nplooj ntawv.

  • Piv txwv li, kev sau kab lus xov xwm luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb yuav zoo li no: Ntsuab, Marsha. "Lub neej hauv Costa Rica." Science Magazine vol. 1, tsis muaj. 4, Peb Hlis 2013: 1-2.
  • Yog tias koj tab tom hais ib tsab xov xwm hauv ntawv xov xwm, koj tsuas xav tau lub npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tom qab hnub tshaj tawm, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv. Piv txwv li no: Smith, Jennifer. "Tiny Tim Yeej Qhov Khoom Plig." New York Times, Kaum Ob Hlis 24, 2017, p. A7.
Nrhiav Tsoom Fwv Tus lej ID Tus lej Kauj Ruam 2
Nrhiav Tsoom Fwv Tus lej ID Tus lej Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 8. Sau cov vev xaib uas tau hais tseg

Pib nrog tus sau lub xeem thiab lub npe (yog tias muaj ob qho tib si) thiab ua raws tus lej. Tom qab ntawd, sau lub npe ntawm kab lus lossis phiaj xwm hauv cov lus hais, ua raws lub npe ntawm lub vev xaib. Ob leeg xaus nrog lub sijhawm. tom qab ntawd, suav nrog hnub tshaj tawm thiab lub npe ntawm lub koom haum txhawb nqa uas tau sau hauv kab zauv thiab cais los ntawm tus lej. Thaum kawg, sau hnub uas koj nkag mus thiab chaw nyob ntawm lub vev xaib.

  • Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub vev xaib tsocai yog cov hauv qab no: Jong, Lub Rau Hli. "Yuav Sau Ntawv Li Cas." Sau Portal. 2 Lub yim hli ntuj 2012. University of California. 23 Lub Ob Hlis 2013.
  • Qee lub vev xaib, tshwj xeeb yog kev kawm, feem ntau muaj DOI (tus lej cim tus lej). Yog lub vev xaib muaj tus cim ntawd, sau "doi:" nyob rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm tus lej es tsis txhob siv url.
Nkag Mus Rau Hauv Stanford Kauj Ruam 13
Nkag Mus Rau Hauv Stanford Kauj Ruam 13

Kauj Ruam 9. Siv cov peev txheej ntseeg tau thaum kawm cov cai los tsim cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm los ntawm ntau hom khoom siv

Muaj ntau hom kev siv uas tuaj yeem siv hauv kev sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb. Siv cov peev txheej ntseeg tau rau cov cai hais txog. Koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav phau ntawv ntawm MLA phau ntawv qhia lossis nkag mus rau lub vev xaib xws li Purdue University's Online Writing Laboratory (OWL) rau cov ntaub ntawv uas haum rau koj qhov chaw.

Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Sau CMS Style Bibliography

Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Kauj Ruam 2
Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj nplooj ntawv cov ntaub ntawv

Nplooj ntawv no yog tom qab nplooj ntawv kawg ntawm daim ntawv. Sau “Cov Ntawv Teev Npe” nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv. Thawj lub npe thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum yog ob kab ntawm qhov chaw sib nrug.

Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 17
Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 17

Kauj Ruam 2. Npaj koj cov peev txheej raws tus lej los ntawm tus sau lub xeem

Cov npe ntawm txhua tus neeg sau yuav tsum tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw. yog tias qee qhov chaw tsis muaj tus sau, siv thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus npe.

Yuav Cov Khoom Uas Tsis Muaj Tus Muag Khoom Kauj Ruam 3
Yuav Cov Khoom Uas Tsis Muaj Tus Muag Khoom Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Tawm ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov nkag

Txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus kab, qhov deb ntawm cov peev txheej yuav tsum tsuas yog ib qho chaw. Tawm ib kab ntawm qhov chaw cais txhua qhov nkag.

Pib Tsab Ntawv Kauj Ruam 7
Pib Tsab Ntawv Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 4. Sau kab thib ob thiab kab ntawv tom ntej

Yog tias lub hauv paus muaj ntau dua ib kab, sau kab ntawv 0.5 kab (1.25 cm). Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv ib kab ntawm qhov chaw cais cov hauv paus los ntawm kev nkag mus tom ntej. Rau cov ntaub ntawv, kev nkag mus tom ntej yuav tsum pib los ntawm thawj cov paj ntoo.

Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 7
Sau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tso Cai Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov kab lus hais

Pib nrog tus sau lub npe tag nrho. Hauv qhov kev txiav txim, lub xeem ua raws nrog tus lej thiab lub npe. Tom qab ntawd, sau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus hauv kab lus, nrog tus lej tom kawg ntawm lub npe, tseem nyob hauv kab zauv. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv xov xwm yog cov ntawv qaij, ua raws los ntawm cov lej ntim thiab cov lej cov lej. Qhov teeb meem tus lej yog ua ntej los ntawm "tsis muaj". Lub hli thiab xyoo uas tsab xov xwm tau tshaj tawm tau sau tseg hauv qab no thiab hauv kab ntawv, tom qab ntawd yog cov nyuv thiab nplooj ntawv npog ntawm kab lus.

Piv txwv: Skylar Marsh. "Taug kev ntawm Dej." Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm Ntiaj Teb 4 (2001): 23

Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 13
Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 13

Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov phau ntawv teev tseg

Sau lub npe tag nrho ntawm tus sau, pib nrog lub xeem, ua raws tus lej thiab lub npe. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv ua raws tom qab hauv kab ntawv. tom qab ntawd, sau lub nroog uas tus tshaj tawm nyob tom qab los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Tus tshaj tawm lub npe thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm raug cais los ntawm tus lej cim. Txhua qhov kev hais tawm ntawm cov peev txheej no xaus nrog lub sijhawm.

Piv txwv li, ib phau ntawv nkag yuav zoo li no: Walter White. Chaw thiab Sijhawm. New York: London Xovxwm, 1982

Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 14
Tshawb Nrhiav Kauj Ruam 14

Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov vev xaib uas koj tau hais tseg

Sau lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab lossis lub koom haum, lub npe ntawm lub vev xaib lossis kab lus, hnub hloov kho zaum kawg, thiab tag nrho lub vev xaib. Yog tias muaj cov cim khoom siv digital, nws zoo dua los siv qhov chaw nyob url. Feem ntau DOIs tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv qab ntawm lub vev xaib lossis saum toj, ze rau cov ntaub ntawv npe.

  • Piv txwv: University of California. "Keeb kwm ntawm University of California." Hloov kho zaum kawg lub Plaub Hlis 3, 2013.
  • Yog tias twb muaj hnub xa khoom rau lub vev xaib koj hais tseg, tsis tas yuav nkag mus saib cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj hnub nkag tau, tsuas yog sau nws qhov kawg ntawm cov npe teev npe.

Lub tswv yim

  • Nco ntsoov tias koj tau suav tag nrho cov peev txheej uas siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv rau sau cov ntawv.
  • Nug koj tus kws qhia ntawv lossis tus xibfwb qhia txog yam koj yuav tsum siv los sau ntawv.

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