Txuj ci, tsis muaj "APA Format Bibliography." Cov kab lis kev cai ib txwm yog cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas koj siv thaum koj tshawb fawb thiab sau. Qee tus neeg siv lo lus "bibliography" ntau dua kev ywj pheej thiab txhais nws raws li cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg hauv kab lus. Hauv kab lus uas siv APA hom ntawv, koj yuav tsum muab cov npe ntawm cov kab lus uas koj hais ncaj qha. Hauv APA hom ntawv, cov npe no raug xa mus ua nplooj ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Tus Kheej Tsim Cov Ntawv Sau Hauv APA Hom
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv tus sau lub xeem (lub xeem)
Rau txhua qhov chaw, siv tus sau lub npe thiab lub npe pib ntawm tus sau lub npe. Tom qab ntawd xaus qhov pib ntawm thawj lub npe nrog lub sijhawm. Yog tias muaj ob tus kws sau ntawv lub npe rau tib qho siv, siv tus ampersand ("&") nruab nrab ntawm ob tus kws sau ntawv lub npe tsis txhob siv lo lus thiab. Yog tias koj yuav tsum sau ntau dua ob tus neeg sau lub npe, siv tus lej cim cais cov kws sau ntawv lub npe thiab "&" ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub npe. Txhawm rau sau ntau dua xya lub npe, muab tus lej cim nruab nrab ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv siv lub ellipsis (…) los sawv cev rau cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm tus thib rau thiab tus sau zaum kawg. Koj yuav tsis sau ntau dua xya lub npe rau ib qho siv
- Piv txwv rau ib tus sau: Krauss, L. M (1993).
- Piv txwv rau ob tus kws sau ntawv: Wegener, DT, & Petty, RE (1994).
- Piv txwv rau peb lossis ntau tus sau: Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, CR, Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993).
- Piv txwv rau ntau dua xya tus kws sau ntawv: Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J, Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T.,… Rubin, LH (2009). Phau ntawv npe. New York, NY: BasicBooks.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau xyoo tshaj tawm
Tom qab tus neeg sau lub npe, sau xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Txog kev tshaj tawm tsis tau tshaj tawm, siv hnub uas tsab xov xwm tau sau. Sau lub xyoo hauv plaub tus lej hauv kab ntawv, tom qab ntawd ib lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv li, phau ntawv: (1999).
- Piv txwv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm: (1993, Lub Rau Hli).
- Piv txwv, ntawv xov xwm txhua hnub lossis txhua lub lim tiam: (1994, Cuaj Hlis 28).
- Piv txwv, yam tsis muaj hnub tim: (nd)
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub npe
Tom qab xyoo, koj yuav tsum sau lub npe ntawm qhov kev siv uas koj hais tawm ua raws lub sijhawm. Cov tsiaj ntawv loj tsuas yog siv rau thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm thawj cov lus ntawm lub npe thiab cov npe hauv qab yog tias muaj
- Italicize lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Piv txwv li, Hu rau cov tsiaj qus.
- Tsis txhob sau cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, lossis ntawv xov xwm. Sau zoo li cov ntawv yooj yim. Piv txwv li, "Ua rau qib hauv tshuaj lom neeg: Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev sim siab thiab ua yuam kev."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau qhov chaw nyob thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm
Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum sau lub npe thiab chaw nyob ntawm tus tshaj tawm rau kev xa tawm los ntawm phau ntawv. Tom qab sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv, sau qhov chaw tshaj tawm. Sau lub nroog thiab xeev cov npe rau cov phau ntawv luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lossis lub nroog, xeev (lossis xeev) thiab lub tebchaws cov npe rau cov phau ntawv luam tawm sab nrauv Tebchaws Meskas. Ua raws nws nrog cov nyuv (:), tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Xaus tus tshaj tawm lub npe nrog lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv: Boston, MA: Random House.
- Piv txwv: New York, NY: Scribner.
- Piv txwv: Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm
Tom qab lub npe, sau lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Siv lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, lossis ntawv xov xwm, thiab siv tib cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab cov cim cim cim siv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj rau thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus hauv lub npe thiab kos npe tag nrho.
- Piv txwv li, ReCall tsis RECALL, thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Xyaum Tsis yog Kev Paub Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Xyaum.
- Siv tus ampersand (&) yog tias phau ntawv teev npe siv ampersand thiab tsis siv lo lus thiab.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov naj npawb ntim, tus lej cov lej, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv rau lub sijhawm
Tom qab lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, sau tus lej ntim, tus lej tus lej hauv kab lus, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv ntawm kab lus uas koj tau hais hauv koj kab lus. Cov lej lej yuav tsum yog cov ntawv qaij, tab sis cov lej thiab cov nplooj ntawv tsis xav tau cov ntawv qaij. Xaus nplooj ntawv tus lej nrog lub sijhawm.
- Cov npe ib ntus, cov lej ntim (tus lej tus lej), hais tawm tus lej nplooj ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, Psychology Today, 72 (3), 64-84 lossis The Statesman Journal, 59 (4), 286-295.
Kauj Ruam 7. Suav nrog qhov txuas thaum hais txog kev tshaj tawm online
Thaum hais cov kab lus lossis lwm qhov chaw hauv online, suav nrog qhov txuas. Thaum kawg ntawm qhov siv, suav nrog kab lus "Tau los ntawm" thiab suav nrog qhov txuas.
- Piv txwv: Eid, M., & Langeheine, R. (1999). Kev ntsuas qhov sib xws thiab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb nrog cov qauv hauv chav kawm tsis paub: Tus qauv tshiab thiab nws daim ntawv thov rau kev ntsuas kev cuam tshuam. Txoj Kev Nyuaj Siab, 4, 100-116. Tau txais los ntawm https:// www.apa.org/journals/exampleurl
- Koj tsis tas yuav suav hnub nkag mus hauv APA hom ntawv.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tsim APA Siv Siv Online Generator
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob online
Ntau lub vev xaib muab kev pabcuam los teeb tsa koj cov lus sau cia. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev pabcuam no yog pub dawb. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob online dawb uas muab cov ntawv tsis siv neeg suav nrog Bibme thiab Tshuab Citation. Nrhiav lub tshuab hluav taws xob online, thiab xaiv lub thawv uas hais tias "YUAV UA LI CAS."
- Qee tus tsim hluav taws xob online nug koj li e-mail chaw nyob thiab lawv yuav xa nqe lus los ntawm e-mail. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tsis txhob muaj cov kev pabcuam no vim lawv yuav muag koj cov ntaub ntawv rau lwm cov lag luam uas yuav ua rau koj lub inbox nrog spam.
- Ntau lub tsev qiv ntawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem muab cov ntsiab lus hauv ntau hom, xws li EBSCO. Yog tias koj siv tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev qiv ntawv database, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tau txais APA hom kev hais tawm los ntawm kab lus nplooj ntawv hauv lub database.
- Tsis txhob hnov qab tshuaj xyuas qhov raug ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv uas koj tau txais los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob online vim tias muaj qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kauj ruam 2. Xaiv hom lossis phau ntawv sau hom
Feem ntau cov tshuab hluav taws xob online siv cov txheej txheem sau rov qab, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj nyob ntawm nplooj ntawv raug. Yog tias koj xav siv txoj hauv kev sau phau ntawv, kos cov kev xaiv tam sim no. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev them nqi dawb uas koj xav tau.
- Txoj hauv kev sau cov ntaub ntawv muab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim thiab koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas nws qhov raug.
- Phau ntawv sau cov txheej txheem yuav muab daim ntawv online rau kev sau tus kheej thiab koj yuav tsum sau tus neeg sau lub npe, hnub tim, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv xav tau.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj xaiv hom kab lus uas koj hais. BibMe muaj tsib pawg tseem ceeb: ntawv xov xwm, vev xaib, phau ntawv, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab ntau ntxiv. Xaiv pawg tsim nyog rau kab lus uas koj hais.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub npe lossis txuas
Nyob ntawm hom kev siv uas koj tau hais, koj yuav tsum suav nrog lub npe lossis kab ntawv txuas. Koj tuaj yeem nkag lub npe lossis txuas rau hauv lub npov muab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob online.
- Rau cov ntawv xov xwm, sau lub npe phau ntawv xov xwm.
- Rau lub vev xaib, sau qhov txuas lossis lo lus tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, suav nrog qhov txuas raws li cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig tau raug dua.
- Rau cov phau ntawv, sau cov npe phau ntawv, tus sau lub npe, lossis ISBN. Koj tuaj yeem pom tus lej ISBN ntawm lub hau ntawm phau ntawv, feem ntau nyob ib sab ntawm tus nqi thiab tus lej barcode. ISBN yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv tiav tshaj plaws.
- Rau cov vis dis aus, nkag mus rau kab lus lossis lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov txuas yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntxiv.
- Yog tias koj xaiv "Lwm yam", koj yuav pom cov npe xaiv. Xaiv qhov uas tsim nyog tshaj lossis kwv yees (piv txwv li, ntawv xov xwm, Blog/Podcast, Painting/Artwork), thiab ua raws cov lus qhia uas ua raws kom nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv txoj cai tshaj tawm los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob online yuav muab cov npe citation uas muaj lwm cov ntawv pov thawj uas phim rau qhov koj xav tau hais tawm.
- Yog tias koj muab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb (xws li txuas lossis ISBN), daim ntawv teev npe yuav luv heev.
- Yog tias koj muab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tsawg dua (zoo li cov ntsiab lus), koj yuav tau txais cov npe ntev dua. Cov ntaub ntawv siv uas koj xav hais yuav yog lossis yuav tsis tshwm nyob rau hauv cov npe, nyob ntawm seb cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob online tuaj yeem pom nws. Yog tias qhov kev siv uas koj xav hais tawm tsis raug teev tseg, sim nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntxiv uas siv phau ntawv sau ua txoj hauv kev.
- Yog tias koj nkag mus rau cov npe phau ntawv nquag, koj yuav pom cov npe xaiv. Txheeb tus kws sau lub npe thiab hnub tim kom paub tseeb tias koj tau txheeb xyuas qhov raug qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, phau ntawv hu ua Nemesis yuav tsim cov npe ntawm 20 phau ntawv sib txawv, txhua tus tau sau los ntawm ib tus neeg sib txawv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyem rau lub npe tsim nyog
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob online yuav muab daim foos nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam txog kev siv uas koj xav tau hais tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog yuav muab rau koj, tab sis koj yuav raug nug kom sau qee qhov seem.
Koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum suav nrog lub npe, tus sau lub npe, hnub tshaj tawm, qhov chaw tshaj tawm, thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov siv ncaj qha rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawd
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyem “Tsim Citation” lossis Tsim Citation
Yuav muaj ib lub pob hauv qab daim ntawv uas koj yuav tsum nyem rau txhawm rau tsim cov lus tsocai. Thaum koj xaiv "Tsim Tus Nqe," lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav teeb tsa koj cov ntaub ntawv raws li APA hom ntawv.
- Luam thiab muab tshuaj txhuam cov ntawv uas tau tshwm sim yog tias koj xav ntxiv lawv tus kheej rau hauv koj phau ntawv keeb kwm.
- Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv yog tias koj xav kom lub tshuab hluav taws xob online sau thiab txheeb txhua qhov chaw hauv koj phau ntawv keeb kwm.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txuag nqe lus
Yog tias koj xaiv los tsim ntau qhov kev hais tawm, feem ntau cov tsim hluav taws xob online yuav suav sau thiab ua kom zoo dua cov npe ntawm cov lus hais rau koj kom koj tuaj yeem luam (lossis rub tawm) lawv thaum koj tau ua tiav txhua qhov kev hais qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob poob haujlwm, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los ua daim ntawv teev npe ib ntus.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txheeb xyuas koj qhov kev tsocai
Thaum koj tau sau tag nrho koj cov lus hais, nyeem lawv thiab paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab muaj APA hom lus qhia uas koj tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas koj txoj haujlwm.
- Txheeb xyuas cov ntawv sau tsis raug lossis ploj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, xws li tsis muaj hnub tshaj tawm lossis lub npe sau.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tau suav nrog tag nrho cov lus qhia uas koj xav tau hais tawm.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Npaj thiab Txheeb cais Koj Phau Ntawv Teev Npe
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim nplooj ntawv "Phau ntawv sau keeb kwm"
Nplooj ntawv no yuav tsum pib ntawm nplooj ntawv tshiab tom qab koj tshaj tawm. Ntaus “Bibliography” hauv kab thawj thiab muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab.
- Tsis txhob siv tus ntawv loj, ntawv qaij, lossis cov cim hais thaum sau "Cov Ntawv Teev Npe."
- Siv ob qhov chaw rau tag nrho "Bibliography" nplooj ntawv.
- Tsis txhob ntxiv kab kab ntawm "Bibliography" thiab thawj qhov kev siv uas koj sau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov kab lus dai
Thaum ntxig cov neeg ua pov thawj, txhua kab yuav tsum tau nkag mus tshwj tsis yog thawj kab ntawm txhua qhov siv. Thawj kab yuav tsum ua kom haum nrog sab laug ntawm nplooj ntawv. Cov kab tom ntej tau teeb tsa rau hauv kab inch lossis li 1.2 cm los ntawm sab laug. Siv cov txheej txheem ua cov lus (piv txwv li, MS Word thiab OpenOffice), koj tuaj yeem siv cov kab lus dai rau txhua qhov koj hais txog.
- Txhawm rau teeb tsa kab lus dai, qhib "Kab lus" lub npov los ntawm nias lub pob me me nyob rau sab xis sab xis ntawm kab lus "Kab lus" nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm koj daim ntawv MS Word.
- Thaum lub npov qhib qhib, saib ntu "Indent" lossis Indentation.
- Saib cov npe hauv "Tshwj xeeb" lossis Cov ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb thiab xaiv kab lus dai lossis dai.
- Koj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yuav raug teeb tsa siv cov kab lus dai cia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb cov neeg ua tim khawv raws tus tsiaj ntawv
Sort your references alphabetically using the author's surname. Yog tias muaj ntau dua ib tus sau, siv thawj tus neeg sau lub xeem los txheeb cov ntawv ua pov thawj.
- Sort tsab ntawv los ntawm tsab ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias yog ob lub npe yuav luag zoo ib yam, lub npe luv yuav ua ntej lub npe ntev dua. Piv txwv li, Brown, JR yuav tsum tuaj ua ntej Browning, A. R.
- Txheeb cov ntawv ua ntej M ', Mc, thiab Mac raws nraim li lawv tau sau, tsis hais tawm. Tsis txhob txheeb cov npe zoo li lawv tau sau "Mac".
- Tsis quav ntsej lub cim (') hauv lub npe. Piv txwv, MacNeil yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ntej M'Carthy.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb cov npe ib yam li koj txheeb cov npe
Yog tias koj muaj ob lossis ntau tsab xov xwm los ntawm tib tus neeg sau (lossis ob tus kws sau ntawv uas muaj tib lub npe), txheeb raws xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Thawj tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tau muab tso ua ntej.
Muab cov ntawv ua pov thawj nrog ib tus neeg sau ua ntej ua pov thawj nrog ob lossis ntau tus kws sau ntawv yog thawj tus sau ntawm kev siv yog tib yam. Piv txwv li, “Alleyne, RL (2001).” yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ntej "Alleyne, RL & Evans, AJ (1999)."
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb lub npe ntawm pab pawg sau ntawv (piv txwv li, lub npe ntawm pab pawg tshawb fawb lossis koom haum) raws tus lej raws li kev kho tus neeg sau ntawv
Siv lub npe raug cai ntawm pab pawg lossis koom haum. Lub tuam txhab niam txiv lossis lub koom haum yuav tsum tau muab teev ua ntej lub npe ntawm cov chaw pabcuam.
- Piv txwv, "American Society for the Prevention and Cruelty of Animals," tsis yog "ASPCA."
- Piv txwv li, “University of Michigan, Department of Psychology,” tsis yog “Department of Psychology, University of Michigan”.
Kauj Ruam 6. Siv lub npe ntawm phau ntawv yog tias tus sau lub npe tsis muaj
Yog tias tsis muaj tus sau lub npe hauv qhov kev siv uas koj tab tom hais, lub npe hloov lub npe hauv qhov kev hais tawm. Txheeb cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm thawj tsab ntawv tseem ceeb hauv lub npe.
