Cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv tshaj tawm hauv social sciences feem ntau siv American Psychological Association lossis APA qhov kev hais tawm. Txhua qhov peev txheej uas koj siv hauv kab lus lossis ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau muab sau ua tus ntawv los ntawm tus sau lub xeem hauv ntu kev siv lossis cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus. Lub caij no, tus sau lub npe thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub hauv paus tau siv nyob rau hauv cov kab lus hais kom coj cov neeg nyeem mus rau qhov raug nkag hauv cov npe siv.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Cov Kab Lus los ntawm Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm, Cov Ntawv Teev Npe thiab Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau lub npe
Sau tus sau lub xeem lub npe ua ntej, ntxig tus lej cim, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm lub npe thawj thiab nruab nrab (yog tias muaj lub npe pib nruab nrab). Yog tias cov ntawv sau tau sau los ntawm ntau dua 1 tus sau, sau cov npe ntawm ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tau tshwm sim hauv kab lus thawj (feem ntau nyob hauv qab lub npe). Cais ob lub npe nrog lub cim thiab ("&"). Rau cov ntawv sau los ntawm 3 lossis ntau tus sau, siv tus lej cim nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub npe, thiab ntxiv lub cim thiab ("&") ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub npe.
- Rau cov kab lus nrog 1 tus sau: "Storia, E."
- Rau kab lus nrog 2 tus sau: "Storia, E. & Purwadinata, H. P."
- Txog kab lus nrog ntau dua 2 tus sau: "Storia, E., Purwadinata, HP, & Rompies, V."
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv hnub tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, lossis ntawv xov xwm
Tom qab pib ntawm tus sau lub xeem lub npe, ntxig rau qhov chaw, thiab nkag mus rau kab lus qhib. Suav nrog hnub tshaj tawm hauv hom xyoo-hli-hnub, tsis muaj npe luv lub hlis (rau Indonesian, lub hli-hnub-hli-xyoo hom tuaj yeem siv tau). Hauv feem ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem tsuas yog nrhiav pom lub hli thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Txog cov ntawv xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem paub ntau ntxiv tshwj xeeb txog hnub tshaj tawm. Xaus nrog kab lus kaw thiab ntxig ib lub sijhawm tom qab nws.
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Rau cov ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv xov xwm: "Storia, E. (2010, Lub Rau Hli)."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. (Lub Rau Hli 2010)."
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Rau daim ntawv: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (2009, Plaub Hlis 27)."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (27 Plaub Hlis 2009)."
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Yog tias phau ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv tshaj tawm hnub tshaj yog 2 lub hlis, sau ob lub hlis. Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. & Purwadinata, HP (2008, Lub Ib Hlis/Lub Ob Hlis)."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. & Purwadinata, HP (Lub Ib Hlis/Lub Ob Hlis 2008)
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm kab lus
Tom qab hnub tshaj tawm, suav nrog lub npe tag nrho ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab sau ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab npe. Yog tias tsab xov xwm muaj cov kab ntawv me me, tso tus nyuv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub npe thiab nkag mus rau kab lus. Raws li nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, sau ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab tsuas yog lub npe xwb. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.
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Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. (2010, Lub Rau Hli). Xav txog Victorian ntawv."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. (Lub Rau Hli 2010). Xav txog Victorian ntawv."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, lossis ntawv xov xwm hauv kab ntawv
Tom qab cov npe kab lus, suav nrog lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas muaj cov hauv paus kab lus. Ib yam li cov npe kab lus, siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj rau thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab tus kheej lub npe. Ntxig ib tus lej tom qab nws.
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Piv txwv li: “Storia, E. (2010, Lub Rau Hli). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism,
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. (Lub Rau Hli 2010). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism,
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag mus rau ntim thiab tus lej tso tawm yog tias muaj
Feem ntau, cov ntawv xov xwm kev kawm muaj cov lej thiab cov lej tso tawm. Ntxig ib qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau cov lej ntim hauv cov ntawv qaij tom qab lub npe luam tawm. Txuas ntxiv nrog tus lej tso tawm (hauv kab ntawv). Cov lej tso tawm yuav tsum tsis yog siv cov ntawv qaij. Muab tus lej cim tom qab ntim thiab cov lej tso tawm.
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Piv txwv li: “Storia, E. (2010, Lub Rau Hli). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism, 9 (5),”
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. (Lub Rau Hli 2010). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism, 9 (5),"
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Yog tias tsis muaj tus lej tso tawm, koj tsis tas yuav ua chaw rau cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (2008, Lub Ib Hlis/Lub Ob Hlis). Newest Tech Gadgets. Nrov Computer Magazine, 3,"
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (Lub Ib Hlis/Lub Ob Hlis 2008). Tshiab Tshaj Tawm Tech Gadgets. Nrov Computer Magazine, 3,"
Kauj Ruam 6. Suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov kab lus
Ntxig ib qhov chaw tom qab tus lej, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau tus lej nplooj ntawv uas cim qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm kab lus (cais ob tus lej nrog tus cim cim cim). Yog tias nplooj ntawv kab ntawv tsis ua ntu zus, ntxig tus lej cim nruab nrab ntawm cov lej. Rau cov ntawv xov xwm, siv cov ntawv luv "p." rau ib nplooj ntawv lossis "pp." rau ntau nplooj ntawv. Hauv Indonesian, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv luv "hal.", Rau ib lossis ntau nplooj ntawv.
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Piv txwv ntawm kab lus nrog cov nplooj ntawv sib law liag: "Storia, E. (2010, Lub Rau Hli). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism, 9 (5), 18-23."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Storia, E. (Lub Rau Hli 2010). Xav txog Victorian cov ntawv nyeem. Phau ntawv Journal of Literary Criticism, 9 (5), 18-23."
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Piv txwv ntawm kab lus nrog cov nplooj ntawv tsis sib txuas: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (2009, Plaub Hlis 27). Xeev ntawm kev lag luam. Fort Wayne News, pp. A1, A10."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Mahendra, D. & Rompies, V. (27 Plaub Hlis 2009). Xeev ntawm kev lag luam. Fort Wayne Xov Xwm, p. A1, A10."
Kauj Ruam 7. Suav nrog DOI lossis URL ntawm kab lus online
Feem ntau cov ntawv xov xwm kev kawm muaj tus lej cim tus lej (DOI) tus lej uas ua haujlwm zoo li tus lej online siv rau qhov kab lus. Siv tus lej yog muaj. Txwv tsis pub, ntaus kab lus "Rov qab los ntawm" (lossis "Muab los ntawm" hauv Indonesian), ua raws li qhov URL tas mus li ntawm kab lus.
- Piv txwv ntawm kab lus nrog DOI: "Brownlie, D. (2007). Mus rau cov ntawv nthuav qhia tau zoo: Cov ntawv sau piav qhia. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. Doi: 10.1108/03090560710821161"
- Piv txwv kab lus nrog URL: "Kenneth, I. A. (2000). Cov lus teb rau cov ntseeg raws li tib neeg txoj cai. Phau ntawv Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Tau txais los ntawm
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "Kenneth, IA (2000). Cov lus teb rau cov neeg ntseeg txog tib neeg txoj cai. Phau ntawv Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Muab los ntawm
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txheeb Kab Lus los ntawm Phau Ntawv Kho Kho
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau lub npe
Sau tus sau lub xeem lub npe ua ntej, ntxig tus cim, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm lub npe thawj thiab nruab nrab. Yog tias cov ntawv sau tau sau los ntawm 2 tus sau, cais cov npe nrog lub cim thiab ("&"). Txog cov ntawv sau los ntawm ntau tus neeg (ntau dua 2), cais txhua lub npe nrog tus lej, thiab ntxig lub cim thiab (“&”) ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub npe.
- Piv txwv ntawm kab lus nrog ib tus sau: "Storia, E."
- Piv txwv ntawm kab lus nrog ntau tus sau: "Purwadinata, HP, Rompies, V., & Mahendra, D."
- Yog tias cov ntawv sau tau sau los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv, sau cov npe hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tau tshwm sim hauv thawj kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Suav nrog rau lub xyoo uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv kab ntawv
Saib ntawm lub hau lossis nplooj ntawv npe ntawm phau ntawv kom paub lub xyoo nws tau luam tawm. Ib txwm siv xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm phau ntawv, txawm tias tsab xov xwm siv yav dhau los tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv lossis lwm yam xov xwm. Ntxiv ib lub sijhawm tom qab kaw kab lus.
Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. (2008)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus
Tom qab xyoo tshaj tawm, nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab sau ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab lub npe nkaus xwb. Yog tias tsab xov xwm muaj cov kab ntawv me me, ntxiv cov ntawv me me tom qab cov nyuv kawg ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov ntawv sau tseem yuav tsum tau sau ua cov tsiaj ntawv loj ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus tom qab txoj hnyuv thiab tsuas yog lub npe xwb. Xaus lub npe nrog lub sijhawm.
Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. (2008). Kev xav tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau lub npe ntawm tus kws kho phau ntawv
Sau thawj lub npe ntawm nws lub npe, tom qab ntawd nws lub xeem. Cais ntau tus kws kho lub npe nrog tus lej (thiab lub cim thiab "&" ua ntej lub npe kho lub xeem). Sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg kho kom raug nyob rau nplooj ntawv npe ntawm phau ntawv. Txuas nrog cov ntawv luv uas tsim nyog (piv txwv li "Ed.", "Eds.", Lossis "Editor") hauv kab lus, thiab xaus nrog tus lej.
- Piv txwv ntawm phau ntawv nrog 1 tus kws kho mob: "Storia, E. (2008). Kev xav tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb. D. Mahendra (Ed.)"
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Piv txwv ntawm phau ntawv nrog ntau tus kws kho: "Purwadinata, HP, Rompies, V., & Mahendra, D. (2010). Khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis. E. Storia & O. Leonardo (Eds.)"
Rau qhov piv txwv hauv Indonesian, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv luv "Ed." lossis "Editor" nkaus xwb
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv
Tom qab tus lej cim, nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv thiab siv thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab lub npe. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv yuav tsum sau ua lus qaij. Tom qab lub npe, ntxig rau kab lus qhib thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov kab lus hauv paus. Tsis txhob sau cov lej nplooj ntawv hauv kab ntawv. Tom qab kaw kab lus kaw, xaus nrog lub sijhawm.
Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. (2008). Kev xav tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb. B. Smith (Ed.), Phau ntawv loj ntawm kev tshawb fawb (104-118)."
Kauj Ruam 6. Xaus nrog qhov chaw nyob thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm phau ntawv
Yog tias phau ntawv luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas, suav nrog lub nroog lub npe thiab lub xeev cov ntawv luv, thiab cais ob daim ntawv xov xwm nrog tus lej cim. Rau cov ntawv luam tawm hauv lwm lub tebchaws, siv lub nroog thiab lub tebchaws lub npe. Ntxig cov nyuv, tom qab ntawd suav nrog lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li: "Storia, E. (2008). Kev xav tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb. B. Smith (Ed.), Phau ntawv loj ntawm kev tshawb fawb (104-118). New York: Xov Xwm Loj."
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Tsim Kev Hais Lus Hauv Cov Ntawv rau kab lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub npe thiab hnub tim tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv thiab muab lo rau hauv kab lus
Thaum koj sau kab lus uas muaj qhov tseeb lossis nqe lus los ntawm cov ntawv sau, tso kab lus sib dhos tom kawg ntawm kab lus, nrog tus sau lub xeem thiab lub xyoo uas tsab xov xwm tau tshaj tawm.
- Piv txwv li: "(Storia, 2008).
- Yog tias muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv, cais txhua lub npe nrog cov nyuv thiab ntxiv lub cim thiab ("&") ua ntej tus sau lub npe kawg. Piv txwv li: "(Storia & Purwadinata, 1994)."
- Txog cov ntawv sau los ntawm ntau dua 2 tus kws sau ntawv, suav nrog txhua tus kws sau ntawv lub npe hauv thawj kab lus sau. Hauv cov ntawv sau tom ntej, sau tsuas yog thawj tus neeg sau lub xeem, ua raws cov ntawv luv "li al." los yog "lwm yam" Piv txwv li, yog tias koj thawj qhov kev hais lus hauv kab ntawv yog "(Storia, Purwadinata, Rompies, & Mahendra, 2014)", koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv txuas tom ntej zoo li "(Storia li. Al., 2014)" lossis "(Storia li al., 2014)., 2014) ".
- Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe ncaj qha hauv kab lus, tsuas suav nrog lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm (hauv kab lus) tom qab lub npe. Piv txwv li: "Raws li Storia (2008) pom, cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb hloov pauv lub sijhawm."
Kauj Ruam 2. Cais ntau nqe lus nrog cov cim cim
Thaum sau kab lus, koj tuaj yeem hla qhov tseeb lossis nqe lus uas tau txhawb los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Suav tag nrho cov peev txheej uas muaj qhov tseeb hauv cov lus hais tawm, thiab cais txhua qhov nrog semicolon.
Piv txwv li: "(Storia, 2008; Leonardo, 2011)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv cov peev txheej tsim nyog rau lub npe ntawm qhov chaw uas tau hais hauv kab lus/sau ntawv
Hauv kab lus lossis sau ntawv uas tau ua, sau ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus hauv lub npe ntawm cov ntawv sau. Ua raws cov cai no rau cov lus uas muaj ntau dua 4 tus ntawv. Muab lub npe ntawm cov ntawv sau rau hauv cov lus hais.
Piv txwv li: "Raws li Storia (2008) piav qhia hauv" Kev Xav Tshiab ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, "cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau txais ntau dua thiab ntau dua
Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv tom qab hais ncaj qha
Thaum koj hais cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntawv sau, suav nrog cov nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov lus hais (hauv kab lus). Cov ntawv sau hauv kab ntawv yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub npe thiab xyoo tshaj tawm. Ntxiv cov lus hais hauv kab lus tom qab cov lus hais lossis qhov tseeb, tom qab lub cim kawg hais tawm.
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Piv txwv li: "(Storia, 2008, p. 47)."
Piv txwv hauv Indonesian: "(Storia, 2008, p. 47)."
