Rau qhov muaj hmoo ob peb, ua tau zoo hauv physics yog qhov txuj ci tiag. Txog rau lwm tus, txawm li cas los xij, kom tau qhab nia zoo hauv physics siv zog ua haujlwm ntau. Hmoov zoo, los ntawm kev kawm paub cov txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab ua ntau yam kev xyaum, yuav luag txhua tus tuaj yeem txawj lawv cov khoom siv physics. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj qhov tau txais cov qhab nia zoo yog qhov tseeb uas thaum koj nkag siab zoo txog physics, koj yuav tuaj yeem piav qhia cov kev paub tsis meej uas tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm li cas.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Nkag Siab Lub Hauv Paus Kev Xav Txog Lub Cev
Kauj Ruam 1. Nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb
Hauv physics, qee qhov kev quab yuam, xws li kev nrawm vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv ntiaj teb, tau sau hauv cov lej ua lej. Qhov no tsuas yog lwm txoj hauv kev hais tias cov qauv no feem ntau qhia los ntawm tus lej qub, tsis hais lawv nyob qhov twg lossis lawv siv li cas. Nws yog lub tswv yim ntse kom nco txog qhov feem ntau siv tas li (thiab lawv cov chav nyob) - feem ntau, cov xwm txheej no yuav tsis raug xa mus rau qhov kev xeem. Nov yog qee qhov feem ntau siv tas li hauv physics:
- Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (ntiaj teb): 9.81 meters/thib ob2
- Kev ceev ntawm lub teeb: 3 × 108 meters/thib ob
- Cov pa nkev tas li: 8.32 joules/(mol × Kelvin)
- Avogadro Tus Naj Npawb: 6.02 × 1023 rau mole
- Planck qhov tsis tu ncua: 6.63 × 10-34 joule × thib ob
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco qab qhov sib npaug yooj yim
Hauv physics, kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lub zog sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv lub qab ntuj khwb, tau piav qhia siv cov zauv. Qee qhov ntawm cov zauv no yooj yim heev, thaum lwm tus yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nco qab qhov sib npaug yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab paub siv lawv li cas tseem ceeb heev thaum daws teeb meem yooj yim lossis nyuaj. Txawm tias cov teeb meem nyuaj thiab tsis meej pem feem ntau daws siv ob peb qhov yooj yim lossis hloov cov kab zauv yooj yim no kom lawv haum qhov xwm txheej. Cov kab zauv yooj yim no yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev paub txog lub cev, thiab yog tias koj paub lawv zoo, yuav muaj feem koj yuav paub tsawg kawg qee qhov teeb meem uas koj tab tom daws teeb meem. Qee qhov sib npaug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:
- Tshaj tawm = hloov txoj haujlwm/sijhawm lapse
- Kev nrawm = hloov pauv nrawm/sijhawm lapse
- Qhov tshaj tawm zaum kawg = pib tshaj tawm + (nrawm × sijhawm)
- Force = pawg × nrawm
- Kinetic zog = (1/2) pawg × tshaj tawm2
- Ua haujlwm = tshem tawm × quab yuam
- Lub zog = hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm/sijhawm dhau mus
- Momentum = pawg × tshaj tawm
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm paub qhov sib piv ntawm cov zauv yooj yim
Nco qab koj cov kab zauv yooj yim yog qhov zoo - nkag siab tias vim li cas cov kab zauv no tau siv yog lwm yam. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau, siv sijhawm los kawm paub yuav ua li cas txhua qhov yooj yim physics tau los. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj nkag siab meej dua ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zauv thiab tso cai rau koj los daws teeb meem ntau yam. Txij li, qhov tseem ceeb, koj nkag siab tias qhov kev ua zauv no ua haujlwm li cas, koj yuav tuaj yeem siv nws tau zoo dua yog tias nws tsuas yog kev nco nyob hauv koj siab.
Piv txwv, xav txog qhov sib npaug yooj yim heev: Kev nrawm = hloov pauv nrawm/sijhawm lapse, lossis a = delta (v)/delta (t). Kev nrawm yog lub zog uas ua rau lub nrawm ntawm ib yam khoom hloov pauv. Yog tias ib yam khoom muaj qhov pib tshaj tawm v0 v cas t0 thiab qhov nrawm tshaj v ntawm lub sijhawm t, cov khoom tuaj yeem hais tau nrawm dua vim nws hloov los ntawm v0 ua be v. Kev nrawm nrawm tsis tshwm sim tam sim - tsis muaj teeb meem nrawm npaum li cas, yuav muaj lub sijhawm lapse ntawm thaum cov khoom txav mus los ntawm nws qhov kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug thiab thaum nws mus txog nws qhov nrawm tshaj. Yog li, a = (v - v0/t - tsi0) = delta (v)/delta (t).
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm paub txuj ci lej uas xav tau los daws cov teeb meem physics
Zauv feem ntau hais tias yog hom lus ntawm physics. Ua tau zoo ntawm qhov pib ntawm lej yog txoj hauv kev zoo los txhim kho koj lub peev xwm los daws teeb meem kev siv lub cev. Qee qhov kev ua lej yooj yim txawm tias yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ua lej tshwj xeeb (xws li kev rho tawm lossis kev sib xyaw) los daws teeb meem. Nov yog qee cov ntsiab lus lej uas tuaj yeem pab koj daws teeb meem physics, raws li qhov nyuaj:
- Pre-algebra thiab algebra (rau qhov sib npaug yooj yim thiab teeb meem saib rau qhov tsis paub)
- Trigonometry (rau cov duab kos quab yuam, teeb meem kev sib hloov, thiab lub kaum ntse ntse tshuab)
- Geometry (rau teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog thaj tsam, ntim, thiab lwm yam)
- Pre-calculus thiab calculus (kom tau txais thiab ua ke sib npaug physics-feem ntau yog cov ncauj lus qib siab)
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv Tus Txheej Txheem Txhim Kho Cov Ntsiab Lus
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsom ntsoov rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv txhua nqe lus nug
Teeb meem hauv lub cev feem ntau muaj "kev cuam tshuam" - cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis xav tau los daws qhov teeb meem. Thaum nyeem cov teeb meem physics, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv muab, tom qab ntawd qhia cov ntaub ntawv koj xav nrhiav. Sau cov kab zauv uas koj xav tau los daws qhov teeb meem, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov sib txawv uas tsim nyog. Tsis quav ntsej cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau koj qeeb thiab ua cov kauj ruam yog los daws qhov teeb meem nyuaj rau nrhiav.
- Piv txwv li, hais tias peb yuav tsum nrhiav kev nrawm los ntawm lub tsheb yog tias nws hloov pauv nrawm li ob vib nas this. Yog tias lub tsheb loj yog 1000 kg, nws pib txav nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 9 m/s thiab qhov nrawm kawg ntawm 22 m/s, peb tuaj yeem hais tias v0 = 9 m/s, v = 22 m/s, m = 1000, t = 2 s. Raws li tau sau los saum toj no, qhov sib npaug nrawm nrawm yog a = (v - v0/t - tsi0). Nco tseg tias qhov sib npaug no tsis xav tau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoom, yog li peb tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej cov ntaub ntawv uas lub tsheb muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 1,000 kg.
- Yog li, peb yuav daws nws raws li hauv qab no: a = (v - v0/t - tsi0) = ((22 - 9)/(2 - 0)) = (13/2) = 7, 5 m/os2
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv chav nyob kom raug rau txhua nqe lus nug
Tsis nco qab muab cov chav nyob hauv koj cov lus teb lossis siv cov chav tsis raug, yog txoj hauv kev tseeb kom poob cov ntsiab lus yooj yim. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias koj tau txais cov ntsiab lus tag nrho rau txhua qhov teeb meem koj ua haujlwm, nco ntsoov sau cov chav rau koj cov lus teb nrog cov chav raug yog raws li hom ntaub ntawv sau. Qee qhov feem ntau siv los ntsuas ntsuas hauv physics tau teev tseg hauv qab no - nco ntsoov tias, raws li txoj cai dav dav, teeb meem physics yuav luag ib txwm siv ntsuas/SI ntsuas:
- Qhov hnyav: grams lossis kilograms
- Style: Newton
- Ceev: meters/thib ob (qee zaum kilometers/teev)
- Kev nrawm: meter/thib ob2
- Lub zog/Ua haujlwm: joules lossis kilojoules
- Lub zog: watt
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob hnov qab tej yam me me (xws li kev sib txhuam, teeb meem, thiab lwm yam
). Teeb meem hauv lub cev feem ntau yog ua piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej tiag tiag - uas ua kom yooj yim li cas cov khoom ua haujlwm los ua kom qhov xwm txheej nkag siab. Qee zaum, qhov no txhais tau tias cov rog uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov kawg ntawm qhov teeb meem (xws li kev sib txhuam) yog txhob txwm tso tseg los ntawm qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog tas li. Yog tias yam me me zoo li no tsis suav nrog los ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus los xam lawv, nco ntsoov siv lawv, rau cov lus teb raug tshaj plaws.
Piv txwv li, hais tias teeb meem nug koj kom pom qhov nrawm ntawm 5 kilogram thaiv cov ntoo ntawm ib qho chaw du thaum thawb nrog lub zog ntawm 50 newtons. Txij li thaum F = m × a, cov lus teb yog tej zaum yooj yim heev, tsuas yog pom tus nqi ntawm a hauv kab zauv 50 = 5 × a. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag, qhov kev sib txhuam yuav cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj lub zog, ntawm chav kawm txo qhov kev sib zog. Kev tshem tawm kev sib txhuam los ntawm qhov teeb meem yuav ua rau cov lus teb uas ua rau lub block nrawm dua me ntsis dua li qhov nws ua tiag tiag
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas koj cov lus teb ob zaug
Cov teeb meem kev siv lub cev nyuaj ntawm qhov nruab nrab, tuaj yeem yooj yim koom nrog ua lej ntau. Ua yuam kev hauv cov kev suav no yuav ua rau koj cov lus teb tsis raug, yog li ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj cov lej suav thaum koj ua haujlwm rau lawv, thiab yog tias koj muaj sijhawm, rov tshuaj xyuas koj cov lus teb thaum kawg ntawm hnub kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov lus teb raug.
Thaum rov ua koj txoj haujlwm yog ib txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas koj cov lej ua lej, koj kuj tseem xav siv kev nkag siab zoo los txheeb koj cov teeb meem rau lub neej tiag raws li txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas koj cov lus teb. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom sim nrhiav lub zog (pawg × tshaj tawm) ntawm cov khoom txav mus rau tom ntej, koj tsis cia siab tias yuav muaj lus teb tsis zoo vim tias huab hwm coj tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo thiab tshaj tawm tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws nyob hauv qhov tsis zoo (uas yog, tawm tsam qhov kev taw qhia mus rau tom ntej hauv koj kab lus ntawm kev siv).). Yog li, yog tias koj tau txais cov lus teb tsis zoo, tom qab ntawv koj yuav tau ua qhov suav yuam kev qhov chaw
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Ua Koj Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Chav Kawm Physics
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem lub ncauj lus ua ntej hauv chav kawm
Qhov zoo tshaj, koj yuav tsis ntsib ib lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm lub cev hauv koj thawj chav kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, sim nyeem cov lus qhia tom ntej hauv koj phau ntawv kawm ib hnub ua ntej cov ncauj lus tau hais hauv chav kawm. Tsis txhob dai rau ntawm qhov ua lej raug ntawm lub ncauj lus - nyob rau theem no, tsom mus rau kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab sim nkag siab qhov uas tau tham. Qhov no yuav muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev paub uas koj yuav tuaj yeem siv qhov txuj ci lej uas koj yuav kawm hauv chav kawm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua tib zoo mloog thaum nyob hauv chav kawm
Hauv chav kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav piav qhia cov ntsiab lus koj tau hla thaum koj nyeem ua ntej thiab piav qhia ib feem ntawm cov khoom uas koj tsis nkag siab. Sau ntawv thiab nug ntau cov lus nug. Koj tus kws qhia ntawv tej zaum yuav piav qhia zauv ntawm cov ncauj lus. Thaum nws nyob ntawm nws, sim xav txog daim duab dav dav ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim, txawm tias koj tsis nco qab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sib npaug rau txhua qhov sib npaug - muaj qhov kev xav zoo li cov ntaub ntawv, yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Yog koj tseem muaj lus nug tom qab kawm ntawv, nrog koj tus kws qhia ntawv tham. Sim piav qhia koj cov lus nug kom ntau li ntau tau - qhov no yuav qhia tus kws qhia ntawv tias koj tab tom mloog. Yog tias tus kws qhia tsis khoom, nws yuav tuaj yeem teem sijhawm sib tham los tham txog cov ntaub ntawv nrog koj thiab pab koj nkag siab
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas koj cov ntawv hauv tsev
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav koj cov kev kawm thiab txhim kho koj qhov kev paub txog lub cev, siv sijhawm me ntsis los tshuaj xyuas koj cov ntawv sai li sai tau thaum koj muaj sijhawm nyob hauv tsev. Ua qhov no yuav pab koj nco qab qhov kev paub uas koj tau los ntawm chav kawm hnub ntawd. Ntev npaum li koj tos los tshuaj xyuas lawv tom qab koj tau jotted lawv, qhov nyuaj nws yuav yog rau koj kom nco qab lawv thiab tsis paub ntau lub ntsiab lus yuav hnov, yog li ua haujlwm thiab nco qab koj cov kev paub los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas koj cov ntawv hauv tsev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom tiav cov lus nug xyaum ua
Zoo li lej, sau ntawv, lossis sau ntawv, daws teeb meem physics yog kev txawj ntawm lub siab. Ntau zaus koj siv lub peev xwm no, nws yooj yim dua los ua kom tiav. Yog tias koj tawm tsam nrog physics, nco ntsoov muaj ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem xyaum. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog npaj koj rau qhov kev xeem, tab sis yuav pab koj ua ntau lub ntsiab lus kom meej dua thaum koj tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog tias koj tsis txaus siab nrog koj cov qhab nia hauv physics, tsis txhob txaus siab nrog tsuas yog siv cov lus nug uas koj siv rau koj cov ntawv ua tom tsev. Sim daws cov teeb meem uas koj ib txwm tsis tau ntsib - cov no yuav yog teeb meem hauv koj phau ntawv uas tsis tau muab rau koj, cov lus nug online dawb, lossis txawm tias muaj lus nug hauv phau ntawv siv lub cev (feem ntau muag hauv khw muag khoom)
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv cov peev txheej pab uas muaj rau koj
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim kawm qhov nyuaj ntawm physics ib leeg - nyob ntawm koj li xwm txheej hauv tsev kawm ntawv, yuav muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los thov kev pab. Nrhiav kev pab thiab siv cov peev txheej twg los xij uas koj xav tau kom nkag siab zoo dua koj cov khoom siv physics. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev pabcuam yuav raug nyiaj, qee tus tub ntxhais kawm muaj tsawg kawg peb qhov kev xaiv muaj rau lawv. Nov yog qee cov tswv yim ntawm leej twg thiab yuav nrhiav dab tsi yog tias koj xav tau kev pab lub cev:
- Koj tus kws qhia ntawv (dhau kev sib tham tom qab kawm ntawv)
- Koj cov phooj ywg (los ntawm pab pawg kawm thiab ua haujlwm tom tsev)
- Cov kws qhia ntawv (txawm tias ntiav ntiav tus kws qhia lossis ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv)
- Cov peev txheej thib peb (xws li phau ntawv physics, cov vev xaib kev kawm xws li Khan Academy, thiab lwm yam)
Lub tswv yim
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Ua tib zoo mloog rau lub tswvyim.
Tsim ib daim duab hauv koj lub siab tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.
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Txhim kho koj cov txuj ci ua lej.
Physics nyob rau qib siab feem ntau yog siv cov lej, tshwj xeeb yog kev suav lej. Xyuas kom koj paub yuav ua li cas ua ke thiab tom qab ntawd daws lawv los ntawm kev hloov lossis ib nrab.
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Thaum daws teeb meem, xyuam xim rau cov ntsiab lus.
Tsis txhob hnov qab suav nrog kev sib txhuam hauv kev suav lossis siv lub sijhawm ntawm inertia txog qhov tseeb axis.
