Thaum koj sau kab lus tshawb fawb, cov ntaub ntawv citation pab qhia rau cov nyeem cov lus lossis kev xav uas tsis yog koj cov lus lossis cov tswv yim. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum sau cov lus hais hauv kab lus ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txhua kab lus uas nws cov lus lossis nqe lus koj tau hais tawm lossis hais tawm los ntawm qhov chaw. Cov ntawv sau hauv kab lus yuav coj koj mus rau qhov sau tag nrho cov npe hauv cov npe siv, tom kawg ntawm kab lus. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv teev npe rau cov phau ntawv zoo ib yam, hom ntawv sib txawv ntawm Niaj Hnub Hais Lus Koom Tes (MLA), Asmeskas Kev Sib Koom Siab Hauv Ntiaj Teb (APA) thiab Chicago cov lus citation.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Siv MLA Citation Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib sau cov ntaub ntawv (ua lus Askiv, ua haujlwm raug suav nrog) nrog tus sau lub npe
Ntaus tus sau lub xeem lub npe, tom qab ntawd tus lej cim thiab qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, sau tus sau lub npe. Yog tus sau lub npe nruab nrab lossis lub npe pib teev rau ntawm nplooj ntawv npe ntawm phau ntawv, suav nrog lub npe. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.
- Piv txwv li: Gleick, James.
- Yog tias phau ntawv sau los ntawm ob lossis peb tus kws sau ntawv, cais txhua lub npe nrog tus lej thiab siv lo lus "thiab" ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub xeem. Tsuas yog thawj tus neeg sau lub npe thim rov qab. Piv txwv li: Gillespie, Paul thiab Neal Lerner.
- Yog tias phau ntawv sau los ntawm ntau dua peb tus kws sau ntawv, siv thawj tus sau lub npe, tom qab ntawd ntxig tus lej thiab cov ntawv Latin "et. Al.". Rau Indonesian, siv cov ntawv luv "thiab lwm yam". Piv txwv li: Wysocki, Anne Frances, thiab. al.
- Rau Indonesian: Wysocki, Anne Frances, li al.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia lub npe ntawm phau ntawv thiab ntaus nws hauv cov ntawv italic
Ntaus lub npe ntawm phau ntawv siv hom ntawv hom ntawv (ua kom muaj nuj nqis tag nrho cov npe, cov lus piav qhia, lus qhia, adverbs, thiab lwm yam lus uas muaj ntau dua plaub tsab ntawv). Yog tias phau ntawv muaj cov kab ntawv me me, ntaus cov nyuv thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau kab lus. Ntxig ib lub sijhawm tom kawg ntawm cov ntawv sau.
Piv txwv li: Gleick, James. Chaos: Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm thiab xyoo tshaj tawm
Ntaus lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv, tom qab ntawd tus lej cim thiab qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, nkag mus rau xyoo uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm cov lus nkag nkag.
- Piv txwv li: Gleick, James. Chaos: Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab. Penguins, xyoo 1987.
- Yog tias koj tab tom siv e-phau ntawv hloov chaw ntawm ib qho luam tawm, qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv ua "version" lossis "edition" ntawm phau ntawv ua ntej tus tshaj tawm lub npe. Piv txwv li: Gleick, James. Chaos: Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab. Kindle ed., Penguins, 1987.
- Rau Indonesian: Gleick, James. Chaos: Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab. Kindle Edition, Penguin, 1987.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Nkag Nkag Hauv Hom Ntawv hauv MLA Citation Style
Lub Xeem, Lub Npe. Phau Ntawv Teev Npe hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Npe. Publisher, xyoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv tus sau lub npe thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv rau hauv cov ntawv sau
Thaum twg los xij koj sau cov ntsiab lus lossis hais tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm phau ntawv, tso kab lus sib txuas (hais hauv kab lus) tom kawg ntawm kab lus ua ntej kaw cov cim cim cim tseg (lub sijhawm). Qhia tus sau lub xeem thiab tus lej lossis nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, koj yuav sau qee yam zoo li no: "Txawm hais tias huab cua tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv kev kwv yees thiab txheeb cais, qhov xwm txheej yeej tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam uas tshwm sim ob zaug (Gleick 12)."
- Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe hauv kab lus, tsuas suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv lossis ntau ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv Ib Qho Citation Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia tus sau lub npe thiab hnub tim tshaj tawm
Pib qhov kev nkag nkag nrog tus sau lub xeem, ua raws tus lej thiab qhov chaw. Ntaus tus sau thawj zaug (thiab nruab nrab yog tias muaj). Cais cov npe ntawm ntau kab lus nrog tus lej thiab ntxig tus ampersand ("&") ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub npe. Ntxiv xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab muab nws tso rau hauv kab ntawv. Ntxig ib lub sij hawm sab nraum daim ntawv kaw.
Piv txwv li: Calfee, RC, & Valencia, R. R. (1991)
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntaus lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab ntawv
Nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab lus hom ntawv (cov tsiaj ntawv loj yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus thiab tsuas yog koj lub npe). Yog tias phau ntawv muaj cov kab ntawv me me, ntxiv cov ntawv me me tom qab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (hauv kab lus hom ntawv). Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.
- Piv txwv li: Calfee, RC, & Valencia, R. R. (1991). Phau ntawv APA los npaj cov ntawv sau rau cov ntawv xov xwm.
- Yog tias koj tab tom siv e-phau ntawv, hais qhia hom ntawv ntawm phau ntawv nyob hauv kab zauv tom qab lub npe. Tsis txhob sau cov ntaub ntawv no hauv kab ntawv. Muab ib lub sijhawm tom qab kaw cov kab plaub fab kaw, thiab tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub npe. Piv txwv li: Calfee, RC, & Valencia, R. R. (1991). Phau ntawv APA los npaj cov ntawv sau rau cov ntawv xov xwm [Kindle ed.].
- Rau Indonesian: Calfee, RC, & Valencia, RR (1991). Phau ntawv APA los npaj cov ntawv sau rau phau ntawv xov xwm [Kindle Edition].
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaus qhov nkag nrog qhov chaw nyob thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm
Txog kev tshaj tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada, qhia lub nroog lub npe thiab ob tsab ntawv luv ntawm lub nroog lossis lub xeev lub npe. Rau lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, suav nrog lub nroog thiab lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntxig cov nyuv thiab qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd ntaus lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm tus tshaj tawm lub npe.
Piv txwv li: Calfee, RC, & Valencia, R. R. (1991). Phau ntawv APA los npaj cov ntawv sau rau cov ntawv xov xwm. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Siv Tus Qauv Hauv APA Citation Style
Lub Xeem, Thawj Lub Npe Qhov Nruab Nrab Pib. (Xyoo). Phau ntawv lub npe hauv kab lus hom lus: Cov lus hauv tib hom ntawv. Qhov chaw: Publisher.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv tus sau lub xeem thiab lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm rau cov lus sau hauv kab lus
Thaum twg koj txhais cov ntsiab lus lossis hais tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib qhov chaw, suav nrog cov kab zauv (hais hauv kab lus) tom kawg ntawm kab lus. Qhia tus sau lub xeem, ua raws tus lej, tom qab ntawd ntaus lub xyoo uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau qee yam zoo li no: "Cov ntawv xov xwm xov xwm tau nruj thiab txwv ntau dua li kev tshaj tawm (Calfee & Valencia, 1991)."
- Rau Indonesian: "Cov ntawv xov xwm raug txwv thiab" txwv "ntau dua li cov lus piav qhia (Calfee & Valencia, 1991)."
- Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe hauv kab lus, ntxiv cov lus sau hauv kab lus tom qab lub npe thiab suav nrog tsuas yog xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
- Thaum koj siv cov lus ncaj qha los ntawm cov peev txheej, suav nrog tus lej lossis nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab ntawv. Muab tus lej cim tom qab xyoo luam tawm, tom qab ntawd siv lub npe luv "p." sau "pp." (rau Indonesian, "p.") ua raws tus lej nplooj ntawv lossis ntau yam.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Siv Chicago Quote Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia tus sau lub npe
Hauv phau ntawv sau, ntaus tus sau lub xeem lub npe ua ntej, tom qab ntawd tus lej cim thiab qhov chaw. Nkag mus rau tus sau lub npe, tom qab ntawd nws lub npe nruab nrab lossis lub npe pib yog tias tsim nyog. Rau cov phau ntawv nrog ntau tus kws sau ntawv, tsuas yog thim rov qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm thawj tus sau lub npe. Sib cais txhua lub npe siv tus lej cim thiab ntxiv cov lus "thiab" lossis "thiab" ua ntej tus sau lub xeem lub npe. Ntxig ib lub sijhawm tom kawg ntawm lub npe.
- Piv txwv li: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker.
- Rau Indonesian: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntaus lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab ntawv
Nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv hom ntawv hom ntawv (tsab ntawv loj ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus, thiab txhua lub npe, npe, lus qhia, thiab lus piav qhia). Yog tias phau ntawv muaj cov kab ntawv me me, ntxig tus nyuv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los qhia cov ntsiab lus. Ntaus nyob rau hauv cov kab lus uas siv tib hom ntawv (cov ntaub ntawv npe). Tom qab ntawd, xaus nrog tus dot.
- Piv txwv li: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry.
- Rau Indonesian: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom tiav nrog tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv
Ntaus qhov chaw tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv, tom qab ntawd nyuv thiab qhov chaw. Nkag mus rau tus tshaj tawm lub npe, ua raws li tus lej cim thiab qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, suav nrog lub xyoo uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Ntxig ib lub sijhawm tom kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau nkag.
- Piv txwv li: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Rau Indonesian: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Yog tias koj siv e-phau ntawv tsis txhob luam tawm, hais qhia cov ntawv ntawm phau ntawv kawg ntawm qhov nkag. Piv txwv li: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Kindle edition.
- Rau Indonesian: Mock, Douglas W., thiab Geoffrey A. Parker. Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Kindle Edition.
Bibliographic Nkag Nkag Hom Hauv Chicago Citation Style
Lub Xeem, Lub Npe. Phau Ntawv Teev Npe hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Subtitles hauv Tib Hom. Qhov chaw: Publisher, Xyoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kho cov hom ntawv thaum koj sau tus lej hauv qab
Thaum koj txhais cov ntsiab lus lossis hais tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib qhov chaw, tso tus lej sau tus lej hauv qab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus. Cov ntawv hauv qab suav nrog tib cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev npe nkag, tab sis siv hom ntawv sib txawv. Tsis txhob thim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov npe thiab siv tus lej cim siv lub sijhawm los cais txhua qhov kev hais tawm. Muab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm tso rau hauv kab lus. Xaus tus lej hauv qab nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv lossis ntau yam uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv koj tau hais tawm lossis hais tawm, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv li: Douglas W. Mock thiab Geoffrey A. Parker, Kev Evolution ntawm Sibling Rivalry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 72.
- Rau Indonesian: Douglas W. Mock thiab Geoffrey A. Parker, Kev Hloov Kho ntawm Sibling Rivalry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 72.
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj xav tau kev taw qhia txog kev txheeb xyuas phau ntawv tshooj, tshawb nrhiav thiab nyeem kab lus yuav ua li cas thiaj hais tawm hauv phau ntawv tshooj.
- Yog tias koj tus kws qhia ntawv lossis tus xibfwb nyiam Harvard kev sau ntawv zoo, koj yuav tsum kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj hais tau phau ntawv kom raug raws li kev siv cov ntawv citation no.
