Cov ntawv hauv qab feem ntau siv hauv kev kawm thiab kev sau txuj ci txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov hauv paus lossis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hauv kab lus tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem hais txog kev kawm xws li Modern Language Association (MLA) thiab American Psychological Association (APA) txwv tsis pub siv tus lej ntau dhau, tab sis lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li Chicago style, ua.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Hloov Cov Ntawv Teev Npe
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv tib daim ntawv zoo li cov ntawv ntxiv
Feem ntau, cov ntawv siv rau tus lej hauv qab yuav tsum phim lub cev ntawm cov ntawv. Lo lus processor txheej txheem fonts feem ntau yog qhov zoo.
Tswv yim:
Li qub footnote font loj me dua tshaj li cov ntawv tseem ceeb. Tsis tas yuav hloov pauv qhov loj me ntawm cov lus processor, nws twb tsis siv lawm thaum koj tsim tus lej hauv qab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tso tus lej cim hauv qab tom qab kaw cov cim cim cim tseg
Feem ntau, cov ntawv hauv qab tau muab tso rau qhov kawg ntawm kab lus uas nws cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau los hais lossis sib tham. Qee txoj hauv kev muab tus lej uas haum nrog cov ntawv tom qab kaw lub cim cim cim cim tseg, ua raws lub sijhawm. Lwm txoj hauv kev siv cov lej zauv.
Kab lus feem ntau tsuas muaj ib tus lej hauv qab. Yog tias koj xav tau ntau dua ib tus lej hauv qab, tso lwm tus lej hauv qab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus sib thooj, sab nraum cov cim cim cim kaw. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog thaum kab lus tau tawg los ntawm kev sib tsoo, thiab hauv qhov no, tus lej tus lej loj tau muab tso ua ntej lub cim
Pes tsawg tus lej hauv qab nrog Cov Ntawv:
Nws tau paub tias cov neeg mob nrog Crohn's thiab Colitis muaj ntau yam tsos mob ntawm kev qaug zog. 1
Superscript Footnote Numbers:
Nws tau paub tias cov neeg mob nrog Crohn's thiab Colitis muaj ntau yam tsos mob ntawm kev qaug zog.1
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv tus lej sib law liag thoob daim ntawv
Cov ntawv hauv qab pib los ntawm "1" thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm daim ntawv. Tus lej tsis rov ua dua ntawm nplooj ntawv tshiab. Txhua tus lej hauv tus lej nws muaj tus lej txawm hais tias nws hais txog qhov qub tib yam li tus lej hauv qab no.
- Txog cov ntawv ntev, xws li cov kws qhia ntawv, tus lej hauv qab tuaj yeem rov pib dua nrog txhua tshooj. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, tham nrog koj tus kws kho lossis tus saib xyuas.
- Feem ntau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem siv cov lej ua ntu zus, tsuav koj siv cov ntawv sau ua tus lej hauv qab es tsis txhob ntaus tus lej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxig tus lej hauv qab uas siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem lo lus
Feem ntau cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem twb tau muab txoj haujlwm uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxig cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv. Txoj haujlwm no feem ntau yog hauv "Insert" lossis "Reference" hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.
Feem ntau cov kev xaiv ua qauv kuj tau muab rau yog li koj tuaj yeem xaiv tus lej, tsiaj ntawv, lossis lwm yam cim los qhia tus lej hauv qab. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov qhov loj me lossis kev tso tus footer txawm hais tias qhov kev xaiv tsis raug feem ntau yog qhov raug
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Tso Cov Ntawv Qhia hauv Cov Lus Taw Qhia
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau nplooj ntawv sau ua ntej tso cov lus hauv qab
Cov neeg ua tim khawv hauv cov ntawv hauv qab feem ntau yog cov ntawv luv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm lossis cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv. Los ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau ua ntej, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau koj los tsim cov ntawv hauv qab thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov chaw tau suav nrog.
Hauv feem ntau txoj hauv kev citation, kev siv cov ntawv hauv qab tsis hloov qhov xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sau thaum kawg ntawm daim ntawv. Txawm hais tias tsis xav tau, ib phau ntawv sau yuav pab muab cov ntsiab lus rau daim ntawv
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau ib daim ntawv qhia raws li phau ntawv qhia ntawm txoj hauv kev uas koj xaiv
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv siv yooj yim yuav luag zoo ib yam, cov qauv siv sib txawv. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub npe ua ntej, tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm kab lus. Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawv xaus nrog nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov khoom koj tau muab rho tawm lossis hais tawm.
Cia peb hais tias koj hais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm phau ntawv sau los ntawm Reginald Txhua Hnub, muaj cai Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv: Los ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog. Yog tias koj siv tus txheej txheem Chicago, tus lej hauv qab zoo li qhov no: Reginald Txhua Hnub, Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv: Los ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog (Minneapolis: St. Olaf Press, 2010), 115
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv cov lus qhia luv luv rau kev siv tib lub hauv paus
Feem ntau, koj yuav hais tawm tib lub hauv paus ntau dua ib zaug. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum sau cov ntawv ua tiav ib zaug. Cov ntaub ntawv txuas mus ntxiv suav nrog tsuas yog tus sau lub xeem, lub npe ntawm cov ntawv luv, thiab nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov khoom koj hais los.
Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum hais txog Reginald Txhua Hnub phau ntawv ntawm wikiHow dua. Cov ntawv luv ntawm qhov siv mus zoo li no: Txhua Hnub, wikiHow Piv txwv, 130
Tswv yim:
Qee txoj kev citation qhia kom siv cov ntawv luv "ib id." sau "ibid." yog tias koj hais tawm tib lub hauv paus sib txuas ua ke. Lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv, xav kom siv cov ntawv luv luv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sib cais ntau yam kev hais ua ke nrog tus lej cim
Qee zaum, kab lus hais ntau dua ib qhov chaw. Muab ib tus lej hauv qab ntawm kab lus kawg thiab suav nrog cov ntawv xa mus rau ob qhov chaw hauv tib tus lej, tsis yog ob tus lej hauv qab ntawm kab lus.
Hais tias muaj kab lus hauv koj daim ntawv uas sib piv cov lus xaus hauv Reginald Txhua hnub phau ntawv nrog kev tshuaj xyuas hauv lwm phau ntawv ntawm tib lub ncauj lus. Cov ntawv hauv qab tuaj yeem yog qee yam zoo li no: Reginald Txhua Hnub, Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv: Los ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog (Minneapolis: St. Olaf Press, 2010), 115; Mary Beth Miller, Kev hloov pauv wiki (New York: New Tech Press, 2018), 48
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag mus rau kab lus piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw
Qhia cov lus thiab kab lus, xws li "tab sis saib" lossis "pom tseem" qhia rau cov nyeem paub tias lwm tus kws sau ntawv pom zoo lossis tsis pom zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv thawj qhov chaw koj tau hais tawm. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov peev txheej ntxiv los txheeb xyuas qhov txheeb ze muaj kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov peev txheej uas koj tau hais tawm.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias Miller txoj kev sau ntawv mus txog qhov kev txiav txim siab uas cuam tshuam nrog Daily's, koj tus lej hauv qab tuaj yeem yog qee yam zoo li no: Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv: Los ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog (Minneapolis: St. Olaf Press, 2010), 115; tab sis pom Mary Beth Miller, The wiki Revolution (New York: New Tech Press, 2018), 48.
- Yog tias koj xav tias nws yuav pab tus nyeem ntawv, ntxiv cov lus luv luv tom qab lub hauv paus thib ob, piav qhia vim li cas koj thiaj suav nrog nws.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntxiv cov ncauj lus qhia ntxiv yog tias xav tau
Cov lus hauv qab taw qhia feem ntau tsuas muaj cov neeg ua tim khawv nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum koj yuav tsum piav qhia qee yam txog qhov chaw lossis nws cuam tshuam nrog koj li ntawv li cas.
Hais tias koj xav suav nrog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas phau ntawv Txhua hnub txawm tias nws tau luam tawm xyoo 2010. Koj tus lej hauv qab tuaj yeem yog qee yam zoo li no: Reginald Txhua Hnub, Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv: Los ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog (Minneapolis: St. Olaf Xovxwm, 2010), 115. Txawm hais tias luam tawm xyoo 2010, Cov ntawv xov xwm Txhua hnub muab qhov pib rau kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Ua tiav Cov Ntawv Tseem Ceeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Suav nrog cov ntawv sau hauv MLA daim ntawv
Txoj kev MLA tsis pom zoo rau kev siv cov lus hauv qab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv hauv qab tau tso cai xa cov neeg nyeem mus rau lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas npog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.
- Piv txwv li, muaj cov ntsiab lus yooj yim uas dhau ntawm koj daim ntawv, tab sis tseem ceeb rau cov nyeem kom nkag siab. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov lus taw qhia uas hais tias, "Rau kev piav qhia ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo, saib" ua raws los ntawm cov hauv paus lossis cov npe ntawm cov peev txheej.
- Feem ntau, hom ntawv hauv qab no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qee yam uas tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau daim ntawv, tab sis yog qhov tseem ceeb los pab cov nyeem nkag siab lub ntsiab lus tag nrho lossis muab cov ntsiab lus rau koj daim ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov lus hauv qab los suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv uas tsis haum rau hauv qhov kev sau
Cov lus tsis sib xws lossis kev nkag nkag tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sau ntawv thiab ua rau cov neeg nyeem tsis meej pem. Yog tias koj xav sau cov lus pom ntxiv, suav nrog lawv hauv cov lus taw qhia kom tus nyeem ntawv mloog tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv.
Qee txoj hauv kev, xws li MLA thiab APA, qhia tias cov lus hais ntxiv yuav tsum suav nrog hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv, tsis yog cov lus hauv qab taw qhia
Tswv yim:
Khaws cov ntawv hauv qab kom luv li sai tau, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv. Tsis txhob mus deb ntawm lub ncauj lus lossis tham txog qee yam uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub ncauj lus ntawm daim ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab lub ntsiab lus, piav qhia, lossis qhia meej
Qee zaum, koj yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv kom tus nyeem ntawv nkag siab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hauv paus. Koj kuj yuav tsum piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qee yam uas tau hais hauv qhov chaw tsis paub txog pej xeem.
Hom kab ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau tuaj nrog cov lus hais los ntawm cov peev txheej thiab yuav suav nrog cov neeg ua tim khawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom txheeb xyuas qhov chaw tham txog wikiHow, thiab xav paub meej ntxiv ntxiv cov lus taw qhia uas hais tias, "wikiHow cov piv txwv tau siv los piav qhia cov ntawv hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav pab tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog pom kev pom. Reginald Txhua Hnub, Timeless wikiHow Piv txwv li: Cov Hnub Nyoog (Minneapolis: St. Olaf Press, 2010), 115."
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov lus piav qhia ntxiv lossis cov lus pom los ntxiv qhov tob rau hauv daim ntawv
Qee zaum, cov peev txheej suav nrog cov ntawv sau uas koj pom zoo, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb. Tej zaum tseem yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus uas koj xav tawm tswv yim txog, tab sis qhov ntawd yog sab nraum qhov uas tau hais tseg hauv daim ntawv.
- Cia peb hais tias koj tab tom sau ib daim ntawv hais txog kev siv wikiHow cov ntawv raws li cov peev txheej, thiab koj suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias wikiHow cov ntawv muaj tseeb ntau dua li cov kab lus ntawm lub vev xaib xov xwm loj ntawm cov ncauj lus zoo sib xws. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov lus taw qhia uas hais tias, "Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb no, feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab pej xeem tsis lees txais cov ntawv wikiHow ua cov ntawv tshawb fawb."
- Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv hauv qab los suav nrog cov lus qhia zoo thiab muaj tswv yim uas tuaj yeem ntxiv kev lom zem thiab ua kom pom tseeb rau ntawm daim ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv li no tsis tshua muaj, thiab tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog thiab ntawm cov ncauj lus.
Lub tswv yim
- Ua ntej sau ntawv, lees paub nrog tus kws qhia ntawv lossis lub koom haum hais txog yuav siv txoj hauv kev citation li cas. Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj cov ntawv hauv qab ua raws txoj cai ntawm txoj kev.
- Yog tias tus lej hauv qab suav nrog kev siv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv, qhov kev siv feem ntau yog teev ua ntej.
