Yuav Sau Li Cas Ib Leeg Ionic Equation: 10 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: Jason Gerald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-19 22:12

Net ionic equations yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj vim lawv tsuas yog sawv cev rau lub xeev qhov teeb meem uas hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib npaug no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox, hloov pauv ob qho tib si, thiab ua kom tsis muaj kua qaub-puag. Muaj peb theem pib los sau qhov sib npaug ua kom huv ionic: ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov molecular, hloov nws mus rau qhov sib npaug ionic (yuav ua li cas txhua hom tshuaj muaj nyob hauv kev daws teeb meem), thiab sau kom huv sib npaug ionic.

Kauj ruam

Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Nkag Siab Cov Ntsiab Lus ntawm Ionic Equations

Kauj Ruam 1. Paub qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sib xyaw molecular thiab ionic compound

Thawj kauj ruam los sau net ionic equation yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ionic sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ionic sib txuas yog cov sib txuas uas yuav ionize hauv cov kua dej thiab muaj tus nqi. Molecular compounds yog cov sib txuas uas tsis muaj nqi. Cov sib txuas no tau tsim los ntawm ob qho tsis yog hlau thiab feem ntau hu ua covalent sib txuas.

• Ionic sib txuas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau, hlau thiab polyatomic ions, lossis ntau yam polyatomic ions.
• Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog cov khoom sib xyaw, saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov lus sib tham.

Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib tov ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw

Tsis yog txhua qhov sib xyaw ionic tau yaj hauv cov kua dej. Yog li, qhov sib xyaw yuav tsis yaj rau hauv tus kheej ions. Koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov sib tov ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ntej txuas ntxiv nrog qhov seem ntawm qhov sib npaug. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov cai rau kev daws teeb meem. Saib mus rau cov lus sib tov kom paub meej ntxiv thiab zam rau cov cai no.

• Ua raws cov cai no hauv qhov kev txiav txim hauv qab no:
• Txhua ntsev Na⁺, K⁺, thiab NH₄⁺ tuaj yeem yaj.
• Tag nrho cov ntsev NO₃^-, C₂H₃O₂^-, ClO₃^-, and ClOj₄^- tuaj yeem yaj.
• Txhua Ag. Ntsev⁺, Peb²⁺, thiab Hg₂²⁺ tsis tuaj yeem yaj.
• Txhua Cl. Ntsev^-, Tsis^-, thiab kuv^- tuaj yeem yaj.
• Txhua cov ntsev₃^2-, Ua^2-, S^2-, AW^-, POJ₄^3-, CrO os₄^2-, Ua Cr₂O₇^2-, thiab SO₃^2- insoluble (nrog rau qee qhov kev zam).
• Txhua yam ntsev SO₄^2- soluble (nrog rau qee qhov kev zam).

Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov cations thiab anions hauv cov khoom sib xyaw

Cov cation yog ion zoo hauv cov khoom sib txuas thiab feem ntau yog hlau. Anions tsis yog xim hlau tsis zoo ions hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Qee cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem tsim cations, tab sis cov hlau yuav ib txwm tsim cov cations.

Piv txwv li, hauv NaCl, Na yog tus nqi cation zoo vim tias Na yog hlau, thaum Cl yog qhov tsis zoo them nyiaj ntau vim tias Cl tsis yog hlau

Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas cov polyatomic ions hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Polyatomic ions raug tsub cov lwg me me uas tuav ua ke kom nruj kom lawv tsis yaj hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog polyatomic ions vim tias lawv tau them nqi meej thiab tsis faib rau hauv lawv tus kheej cov ntsiab lus. Polyatomic ions tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis tsis zoo.

• Yog tias koj tab tom kawm chav kawm tshuaj ib txwm muaj, koj yuav yuav raug hais kom nco txog qee qhov feem ntau siv polyatomic ions.
• Qee cov polyatomic ions suav nrog CO₃^2-, Tsis yog₃^-, Tsis yog₂^-, TSO₄^2-, TSO₃^2-, ClO₄^-, and ClOj₃^-.
• Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam polyatomic ions thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntxhuav hauv koj phau ntawv tshuaj lom neeg lossis online.

Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Sau Net Ionic Equation

Kauj Ruam 1. Sib npaug ua kom tiav cov lej sib npaug

Ua ntej sau qhov sib npaug ionic huv, koj yuav tsum xub ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj thawj qhov sib npaug yog qhov sib npaug. Kom sib npaug qhov sib npaug, koj ntxiv cov coefficients nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov sib txuas kom txog thaum tus lej ntawm atoms rau txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov kev ua zauv zoo ib yam.

• Sau tus naj npawb ntawm atoms uas ua rau txhua qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov sib npaug.
• Ntxiv cov coefficients nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tsis-oxygen thiab hydrogen ntsiab kom sib npaug txhua sab.
• Sib npaug cov hydrogen atoms.
• Sib npaug cov pa oxygen.
• Suav tus naj npawb ntawm atoms ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov sib npaug kom ntseeg tau tias lawv zoo ib yam.
• Piv txwv li, Cr + NiCl₂ CrCl₃ + Neej rau 2Cr + 3NiCl₂ 2CrCl₃ + 3 Nws.

Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas lub xeev qhov teeb meem ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw hauv kab zauv

Feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv qhov teeb meem uas hais txog cov khoom ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw. Muaj ntau txoj cai los pab koj txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom sib xyaw.

• Yog tias daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis tau teev tseg, siv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub rooj sijhawm.
• Yog tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog kev daws teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem sau nws li aqueous lossis (aq).
• Yog tias muaj dej hauv qhov sib npaug, txiav txim siab tias cov tshuaj ionic yuav yaj lossis tsis siv cov lus sib tov. Yog tias cov tshuaj muaj qhov ua kom siab, qhov sib xyaw yog aqueous (aq). Yog tias cov tshuaj muaj qhov ua kom qis, cov khoom sib xyaw yog cov khoom (s).
• Thaum tsis muaj dej, cov tshuaj ionic yog cov khoom (s).
• Yog tias lo lus nug hais txog cov kua qaub lossis lub hauv paus, qhov sib xyaw no yog dej (aq).
• Piv txwv li, 2Cr + 3NiCl₂ 2CrCl₃ + 3 Nws. Cr thiab Ni hauv daim ntawv tseem ceeb yog cov khib nyiab. NiCl₂ thiab CrCl₃ Nws yog soluble ionic compound. Yog li, ob qhov sib xyaw yog dej. Yog tias rov sau dua, qhov sib npaug no ua: 2Cr_(cov) + 3NiCl_{2 (aq)} 2CrCl_{3 (aq)} + 3 Nws_(cov).

Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim seb hom tshuaj twg yuav yaj (cais ua cations thiab anions) hauv kev daws

Thaum hom lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, nws sib cais rau cov ntsiab lus zoo (cations) thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo (anions). Cov no yog cov sib txuas uas sib npaug rau qhov kawg rau qhov sib npaug net ionic.

• Cov khib nyiab, kua, roj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov molecules, ionic sib xyaw nrog qhov qis qis, polyatomic ions, thiab cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog yuav tsis yaj.
• Ionic sib txuas nrog kev ua kom siab (siv cov lus sib tov) thiab cov kua qaub muaj zog yuav ionize 100% (HCl_(Kuv), HLB_(Kuv), Hli_(Kuv), H₂YOG_{4 (aq)}, HLO_{4 (aq)}, and HNO_{3 (aq)}).
• Nco ntsoov tias txawm hais tias polyatomic ions tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, yog tias lawv yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj ionic, lawv yuav tau yaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawd.

Kauj Ruam 4. Xam tus nqi ntawm txhua cov ion uas yaj

Nco ntsoov tias cov hlau yuav yog qhov cation zoo, thaum cov hlau tsis yog yuav yog qhov tsis zoo. Siv lub sijhawm teev sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias lub hauv paus twg yuav raug nqi ntau npaum li cas. Koj kuj yuav tsum sib npaug cov nqi ntawm txhua qhov ion hauv qhov sib txuas.

• Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, NiCl₂ yaj rau hauv Ni²⁺ thiab Cl^- thaum CrCl₃ yaj rau hauv Cr³⁺ thiab Cl^-.
• Ni muaj 2+ tus nqi vim Cl muaj qhov tsis zoo, tab sis muaj 2 Cl atoms. Yog li, peb yuav tsum sib npaug 2 qhov tsis zoo Cl ions. Cr muaj tus nqi ntawm 3+ vim tias peb yuav tsum sib npaug 3 tsis zoo Cl ions.
• Nco ntsoov tias polyatomic ions muaj qee qhov nqi ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Kauj Ruam 5. Rov sau qhov sib npaug nrog cov tshuaj sib tov ionic, tawg rau hauv lawv tus kheej ions

Txhua yam uas tau yaj los yog ionized (cov kua qaub muaj zog) yuav cais ua ob qhov sib txawv ions. Lub xeev cov khoom yuav nyob zoo ib yam (aq), tab sis koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib npaug tseem nyob sib npaug.

• Cov kua, kua, roj cua, cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, thiab cov sib xyaw ionic uas muaj qhov sib tov tsawg, yuav tsis hloov pauv lossis cais ua ions. Tsuas yog tso cov tshuaj no ib leeg xwb.
• Molecules yuav yaj hauv kev daws. Yog li, daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom yuav hloov mus rau (aq). Peb qhov kev zam uas tsis dhau los ua (aq) yog: CH_{4 (g)}, C₃H_{8 (g)}, thiab C.₈H_{18 (l)}.
• Ua kom tiav peb qhov piv txwv, tag nrho cov sib npaug ionic yuav zoo li no: 2Cr_(cov) + 3 Nws²⁺_(Kuv) + 6 hli^-_(Kuv) 2cr ua³⁺_(Kuv) + 6 hli^-_(Kuv) + 3 Nws_(cov). Txawm hais tias Cl tsis yog kev sib xyaw, nws tsis yog diatomic. Yog li, peb suav qhov sib piv los ntawm tus lej ntawm atoms hauv qhov sib xyaw kom tau 6 Cl ions ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov sib npaug.

Kauj Ruam 6. Tshem tawm cov neeg saib ions los ntawm kev tshem cov ions zoo ib yam ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov sib npaug

Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ions tsuas yog tias lawv 100% zoo ib yam ntawm ob sab (them, tus lej tsawg hauv qab, thiab lwm yam). Rov sau dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yam tsis raug tshem tawm.

• Ua tiav qhov piv txwv, muaj 6 Cl. Spectral ions^- ntawm txhua sab uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau. Net ionic equation thaum kawg yog 2Cr_(cov) + 3 Nws²⁺_(Kuv) 2cr ua³⁺_(Kuv) + 3 Nws_(cov).
• Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas yog tias koj cov lus teb raug, tag nrho cov nqi ntawm sab reactant yuav tsum sib npaug tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv net ionic equation.