Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, koj yuav xav tias lub xyoo ci yog ntsuas lub sijhawm vim tias nws muaj lo lus xyoo hauv nws. Lub xyoo ci yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov deb uas siv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Yog tias koj puas tau qhia rau phooj ywg tias koj nyob deb li cas tsib feeb, koj kuj siv sijhawm los ntsuas kev nrug deb. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hnub qub hauv ntiaj teb no nyob deb heev. Yog li cov kws tshawb fawb hnub qub siv lub xyoo ci ua chav loj dua li mais thiab kilometers. Txhawm rau xam qhov deb tiag tiag ntawm lub xyoo ci, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muab qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm vib nas this hauv ib xyoos.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Xam Ib Lub Teeb Xyoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab lub xyoo ci
Ib lub xyoo ci yog ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb sib npaug li lub teeb pom kev mus nyob deb npaum cas hauv ib lub ntiaj teb. Vim tias tag nrho lub ntiaj teb nyob sib nrug deb heev, cov kws saib hnub qub siv lub xyoo ci. Yog tsis muaj lub xyoo, tham txog qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm ob lub hnub qub yuav xav kom siv tus lej ntev thiab tsis xwm yeem.
Lwm qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov deb uas koj yuav ntsib thaum kawm txog astronomy yog parsec. Qhov loj me no yog sib npaug rau 3.26 lub teeb xyoo. Parsec yog lwm txoj hauv kev kom yooj yim cov lej siv los xam thiab tham txog kev deb ntawm lub hnub qub
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau tus qauv rau qhov nrug deb
Siv cov txheej txheem physics dav dav, nrug deb sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm nrawm lossis d = r x t, koj tuaj yeem suav tau deb npaum li cas lub xyoo yog: Lub Xyoo Xyoo = (lub teeb ci) x (ib xyoos). Txij li qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb tau qhia los ntawm qhov sib txawv "c", koj tuaj yeem sau qhov sib npaug li d = c x t, qhov twg d yog qhov nrug ib xyoos ntawm lub teeb, c yog qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb thiab t yog lub sijhawm.
- Yog tias koj xav paub qhov deb ntawm lub xyoo ci nyob rau hauv kilometers, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv kilometers ib ob. Yog tias koj xav tau mais, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb hauv mais ib pliag.
- Koj yuav tsum paub tus naj npawb ntawm vib nas this hauv Lub Ntiaj Teb xyoo rau qhov kev suav no.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb
Lub teeb nyob hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev taug kev ntawm 186,000 mais ib pliag. Tus lej no yog sib npaug rau 299,792 kilometers ib pliag lossis 670,616,629 mais ib teev. Ntawm no peb yuav siv nrawm hauv mais ib pliag.
Txog qhov kev suav no peb yuav siv qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb, c, sib npaug rau 186,000 mais ib pliag. Tus lej no tuaj yeem rov sau dua hauv kev sau cia raws li 1.86 x 105 mais ib pliag.
Kauj Ruam 4. Suav cov vib nas this hauv ib xyoos
Txhawm rau nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm vib nas this hauv ib xyoos, ua ntu ntu ntawm kev sib pauv chav sib npaug. Txhawm rau hloov xyoo mus rau vib nas this, muab tus lej ntawm cov hnub hauv ib xyoos piv rau cov teev hauv ib hnub, ntau npaum li cas ntawm feeb hauv ib teev, ntau npaum li cas ntawm ob peb feeb hauv ib feeb.
- 1 xyoos x 365 hnub/xyoo x 24 teev/hnub x 60 feeb/teev x 60 vib nas this/feeb = 31,536,000 vib nas this.
- Ib zaug ntxiv, peb tuaj yeem rov sau tus lej no siv cov cim kev tshawb fawb ua 3, 154 x 107.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ntsuas qhov hloov pauv rau hauv cov mis thiab daws
Tam sim no koj tau txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv rau qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb thiab sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem ntsaws lawv rau hauv cov mis d = c x t thiab pom qhov kev ncua deb ib lub xyoo ci. Hloov c nrog 1.86 x 105 mais ib pliag thiab sijhawm nrog 3.154 x 107 thib ob.
- d = c x t
- d = (1,86x105) x (3, 154 x 107 thib ob)
- d = 5,8x1012 lossis 5.8 trillion mais.
Kauj Ruam 6. Xam qhov nrug deb li kilometers
Yog tias koj xav suav hauv mais, yooj yim hloov qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb nrog qhov nrawm hauv kilometers ib ob: 3.00 x 105. Lub sijhawm hauv vib nas this tseem zoo ib yam li tsis xav tau kev hloov dua siab tshiab.
- d = c x t
- d = (3,00 x 105) x (3,154 x 107 thib ob)
- d: 9,46x1012 lossis 9.5 trillion kilometers.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Hloov Chaw Nyob Mus Rau Lub Xyoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab qhov nrug koj xav hloov
Ua ntej pib, xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov kev ncua deb uas koj tab tom ua haujlwm yog mais (yog tias siv cov koog huab tais) lossis hauv mais yog tias siv ntau chav ntsuas. Tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus hauv kev hloov pauv luv luv mus rau lub xyoo ci, tab sis nws zoo yog tias koj xav paub.
- Txhawm rau hloov taw mus rau mais, nco ntsoov tias ib mais sib npaug 5,280 ko taw: x taw (1 mais/5,280 ft) = mais.
- Txhawm rau hloov cov metres mus rau kilometers, yooj yim faib los ntawm 1000: x m (1 km/1000 m) = km.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv kom raug
Koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas chav nyob ntawm qhov deb uas koj xav hloov mus rau lub xyoo ci. Yog tias koj tab tom hloov pauv los ntawm kilometers mus rau lub teeb xyoo, siv qhov kev hloov pauv sib txawv dua li koj siv los hloov ntawm mais.
- Txhawm rau hloov los ntawm kilometers mus rau lub xyoo ci, siv: 1 lub xyoo ci /(9, 46 x 1012 km) ib.
- Txhawm rau hloov mais mus rau lub xyoo ci, siv: 1 lub xyoo ci/(5.88 x 1012 mais).
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab thawj qhov kev ncua deb los ntawm qhov hloov pauv
Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv raug, muab qhov pib ua ntej kom tau txais qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub xyoo. Yog tias tus lej loj, peb pom zoo kom siv cov ntawv sau ua lej.
- Piv txwv: Yog nws paub tias kwv yees kwv yees li 14.2 x 1014 mais ntawm Ntiaj Teb, nws nyob deb npaum cas nyob rau xyoo?
- Siv qhov kev hloov pauv mais: 1/(5.88 x 1012)
- Sib npaug: (14, 2 x 1014) x (1/(5, 88 x 1012) = 2,41 x 102 = 241 lub xyoo ci.
- Lub hom phiaj yog 241 lub xyoo dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 4. Thov kev pab
Koj tuaj yeem thov kev pab los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg kawm. Kuj tseem muaj cov peev txheej ntau hauv is taws nem thiab hauv phau ntawv qhia kev los pab koj hloov qhov kev ncua deb mus rau lub xyoo ci. Tsis txhob ua siab deb thov kev pab ntxiv yog xav tau.
