Philosophy kawm txog qhov tseeb, cov tswv yim thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ib puag ncig ntawm kev muaj thiab paub txog yam. Koj tab tom kawm lub tswv yim hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm raug cai, tab sis txhua qhov chaw koj kawm nws koj yuav tsum paub yuav nyeem li cas, sau thiab sib cav tswv yim kev xav.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Ntu Ib: Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Txawj Ntse
Kauj Ruam 1. Tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav lossis daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab
Nyob rau qib kawm ntawv qib siab, lub hom phiaj kev xav feem ntau yog kawm txog ntau yam kev xav los ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav theoretical.
- Kev kawm ob xyoos kev kawm txuj ci yog qhov tsawg, vim tias lub tswv yim tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev paub. Vim li no, plaub-xyoos kev kawm txuj ci kev kawm txuj ci ntawm social science (lossis "liberal arts") cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau dua.
- Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog lub ntiaj teb kev xav, uas yog kev xav thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Greek thiab European cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab kev txheeb xyuas lub tswv yim, uas yog lej, lej thiab kev xav txog lub cev.
- Cov kev tshawb fawb uas feem ntau kawm yog kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ua piv txwv, kev hais txog kab mob thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab
Yog tias koj xav txuas ntxiv koj txoj kev kawm hauv kev xav tom qab tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab, koj tuaj yeem kawm tiav kev kawm tiav kom tau txais Masters hauv Philosophy (tseem hu ua "Master Philosophiae" lossis luv ua M. Phil.)
- Kev kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev xav feem ntau siv ob xyoos los ua kom tiav.
- Rau feem ntau, koj yuav ua tiav tib txoj haujlwm kawm raws li xav tau hauv txoj haujlwm kws kho mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias koj yuav tsis tas yuav sau cov lus piav qhia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm hauv kev kawm kws kho mob
Tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hauv kev xav zoo li nyuaj, vim tias ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau txais txiaj ntsig lub npe "kws kho mob hauv kev xav" (Ph. D.), lossis "Doctorate in Philosophy". Koj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ntxiv txhawm rau nrhiav txoj haujlwm kws kho mob uas tsom mus rau lub tswv yim, tsis yog lwm yam kev qhuab qhia.
Feem ntau cov khoos kas kho mob uas tsom mus rau lub tswv yim hu ua "social philosophy" lossis "applied philosophy"
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Ntu Ob: Nyeem Philosophical Works
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem tag nrho cov ntawv ob peb zaug
Cov tub ntxhais kawm lub tswv yim feem ntau yuav tsum nyeem tag nrho cov ntawv sau txog tswv yim ob peb zaug ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab tiag. Raws li koj txoj kev kawm nce qib, koj yuav tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyeem ntawv uas yog rau koj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xub thawj, nyeem txhua cov ntaub ntawv plaub zaug yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj.
- Thaum nyeem cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug, saib ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, thiab/lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, tom qab ntawv luv luv nyeem tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Nyeem ntawv sai, thiab ua tiav txhua nplooj ntawv li ntawm 30-60 vib nas this. Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim hauv xaum. Kuj kos cov ntsiab lus uas tshiab rau koj.
- Thaum nyeem ntawv zaum thib ob, siv lub nrawm zoo ib yam, tab sis nres kom saib cov lus lossis cov lus koj tsis paub thiab tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Koj lub hom phiaj tseem yog tib yam, uas yog txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim. Muab tus cim kos nrog tus xaum rau ntawm kab lus uas koj xav tias koj nkag siab, thiab kos cov kab lus uas koj tsis nkag siab nrog cov lus nug lossis tus ntoo khaub lig.
- Thaum nyeem ntawv thib peb, rov qab mus rau ntu uas cim nrog cim cim lossis hla, thiab tom qab ntawv nyeem kom zoo dua. Muab tus cim kos yog tias koj nkag siab nws, lossis ntxiv lwm lo lus nug lossis hla yog tias koj tseem tsis nkag siab nws.
- Thaum nyeem zaum plaub, rov nyeem tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sai, kom ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus sib cav tseem ceeb hauv siab. Yog tias koj tab tom nyeem cov ntaub ntawv kawm, nrhiav thaj chaw uas koj tseem muaj teeb meem nkag siab, yog li koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug txog lawv tom qab hauv chav kawm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntau li ntau tau
Tib txoj hauv kev kom paub txog lub tswv yim yog ua kom koj tus kheej nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm tus. Yog tias koj tsis nyeem kev ua haujlwm tswv yim, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tham txog lossis sau txog lawv.
- Yog tias koj kawm lub tswv yim kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum ua tiav cov haujlwm uas xav tau nyeem. Tsis txhob mloog lwm tus neeg txhais lus ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv hauv chav kawm. Koj yuav tsum kawm thiab nkag siab cov tswv yim koj tus kheej, tsis yog cia lwm tus ua rau koj.
- Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv nyeem ntawm koj tus kheej kuj tseem pab tau. Raws li koj paub ntau dua nrog ntau ceg ntawm kev xav, koj tuaj yeem maj mam pib xaiv cov ntaub ntawv nyeem raws cov ncauj lus uas koj yuav nyiam.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm koj tab tom nyeem
Txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tswv yim tau sau los cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm lossis kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov tseeb uas ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab cov lus sib cav uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, tab sis txhua txoj haujlwm tseem muaj kev coj noj coj ua uas koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Xav txog tias tus sau yog leej twg, thaum ua haujlwm tau luam tawm, cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv. Kuj nug cov pej xeem cov lus teb rau txoj haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm nws tau tshaj tawm, nrog rau pej xeem cov lus teb nyob rau xyoo dhau los
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb
Qee lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav pom tseeb thiab hais meej, tab sis ntau tus yuav tsis ua. Koj yuav tsum tau kawm cov kab lus thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb uas koj pom thaum koj nyeem lawv thawj zaug thiab zaum ob, txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tau sib cav lossis tias tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem ua qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo, uas yog nws lees txais/pom zoo nrog qee lub tswv yim kev xav lossis tsis lees txais lawv. Nrhiav cov tswv yim tham ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, siv tus kws sau cov lus hais txog lub tswv yim kom paub seb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb zoo lossis tsis zoo
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib rau cov lus txhawb nqa
Kev txhawb kev sib cav yuav tsum txhawb tus tswv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem paub qee qhov ntawm lawv thaum koj yuav tsum rov nyeem lawv kom pom cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum txuas ntxiv los ntawm txhua lub tswv yim tseem ceeb txhawm rau nrhiav kev txhawb cov lus sib cav uas koj yuav tau ploj mus ua ntej.
Philosophers feem ntau siv cov lus sib cav los txhawb cov tswv yim tseem ceeb. Cov tswv yim hais meej thiab cov qauv kev xav yuav pom thiab siv los txhawb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev sib cav
Tsis yog txhua qhov kev sib cav nthuav tawm yog cov lus sib cav siv tau. Nug qhov tseeb ntawm txhua qhov kev sib cav los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nws thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw hauv paus.
- Txheeb xyuas thaj chaw thiab nug seb lawv puas muaj tseeb raws li tus kws sau ntawv thov. Sim kom muaj cov piv txwv tsis sib xws uas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov tseeb cuav.
- Yog tias qhov tseeb muaj tseeb, nug seb lub hauv paus puas ruaj khov. Siv cov qauv kev sib cav tib yam rau lwm qhov xwm txheej, thiab soj ntsuam seb thaj chaw puas nyob thiab ua pov thawj qhov tseeb. Yog tias lub hauv paus ua tsis raug, nws txhais tau tias lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog txaus.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev sib cav
Tom qab koj tau tshawb fawb txhua qhov ua ntej thiab lub hauv paus ib puag ncig ib puag ncig lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum ntsuas seb lub tswv yim nws tus kheej puas muaj tseeb thiab ua tiav.
- Yog tias txhua qhov ntawm nws thaj chaw thiab cov hauv paus ua pov thawj kom siv tau thiab muaj suab, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav lwm qhov kev sib cav uas muaj peev xwm tsis pom zoo lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum lees txais qhov kev txiav txim siab tas li, txawm tias koj yuav tsis ntseeg tus kheej.
- Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias ib qho ntawm thaj chaw lossis thaj chaw tseem ceeb tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj tseeb, koj tuaj yeem tsis lees txais qhov xaus.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Ntu Peb: Ua Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Sau Ntawv Ua Haujlwm Philosophical
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab lub hom phiaj
Txhua daim ntawv koj sau nws muaj nws lub hom phiaj. Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv sau ua chav kawm, cov lus nug uas koj xav tau los teb tej zaum twb tau muab lawm. Yog tias tsis yog li ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov lus nug lossis lub tswv yim uas koj xav hais qhia ua ntej koj pib sau ntawv.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj tau teb meej rau thawj lo lus nug. Cov lus teb no yuav yog koj lub tswv yim tseem ceeb.
- Koj thawj lo lus nug yuav tsum tau tawg ua ob peb lub ncauj lus, txhua qhov uas xav tau cov lus teb cais. Raws li koj tsim cov npe hauv qab, cov qauv ntawm koj cov ntawv yuav pib ua kom zoo.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xeev thiab txhawb koj lub tswv yim tseem ceeb
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, koj lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus teb uas koj tau muab rau thawj lo lus nug hauv koj li ntawv. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb no yuav tsum yog ntau tshaj li nqe lus xwb. Koj yuav tsum nthuav qhia qhov kev sib cav uas ua haujlwm thiab txav mus rau nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sib tham txog lub ncauj lus ntawm tes los ntawm txhua sab
Xav txog qhov kev sib cav tawm tsam txhua ntawm cov ntsiab lus koj tso rau hauv. Sau cov lus tsis sib haum hauv koj tsab ntawv, thiab piav qhia vim li cas qhov kev tsis pom zoo tsis raug lossis tsis muaj zog txaus.
Sib tham txog cov lus tsis sib haum no tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm koj cov ntawv. Ib feem loj ntawm tsab ntawv no yuav tsum mob siab rau piav qhia koj lub tswv yim qub
Kauj Ruam 4. Npaj koj lub tswv yim
Ua ntej koj pib sau txoj haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum npaj cov tswv yim uas koj yuav siv. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev kos duab lossis lwm yam txheej txheem doodle ntawm koj xaiv, tab sis tsim cov qauv qhia thiab pab pawg kos duab feem ntau ua pov thawj tias yog txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws.
Txheeb xyuas koj lub tswv yim tseem ceeb nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm koj daim duab lossis kab ke. Txhua qhov kev sib cav txhawb yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej pab pawg lossis lub npov nyob hauv daim duab lossis yog lub npe sib cais hauv tus qauv. Lub npov tom ntej lossis kab lus hauv qab yuav tsum muaj cov tswv yim tseem ceeb uas yog kev txhim kho ntawm txhua qhov kev sib cav, uas yog lub hauv paus thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau kom meej
Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum siv lub ntsiab lus, cov lus luv thiab lub suab nquag.
- Tsis txhob siv cov lus paj uas tsis tsim nyog rau qhov ua kom muaj kev zoo siab. Tsom ntsoov rau cov ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig.
- Tshem tawm txhua yam uas tsis xav tau. Cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab rov hais dua yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
- Txhais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab siv lawv thoob plaws hauv koj cov ntawv sau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Rov kho koj txoj haujlwm
Tom qab sau thawj tsab ntawv, rov nyeem dua thiab rov ntsuam xyuas koj qhov kev sib cav thiab sau ntawv.
- Cov lus sib cav tsis zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog, lossis tshem tawm ntawm koj qhov kev sau ntawv.
- Sau cov ntu uas muaj qhov ua yuam kev hauv kab lus, tsis xav txog txheej txheem kev xav, thiab cov kab lus uas tsis zoo li qub.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Ntu Plaub: Ua Kev Sib Tham Txog Kev Ntseeg
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj koj tus kheej
Tej zaum nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem npaj ua ntej yog tias koj ua raws li kev sib tham hauv lub tswv yim uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis feem ntau yog kev sib tham txog kev xav hauv lub sijhawm koj kawm ntawv tuaj yeem npaj tau.
- Rov nyeem cov lus sib tham uas tau muab thiab kos koj tus kheej cov lus xaus raws li kev sib cav muaj zog.
- Yog tias koj tab tom yuav nkag mus rau qhov kev sib tham tsis tau npaj tseg, hais qhia luv luv koj li kev paub txog cov ntsiab lus koom nrog, ua ntej koom nrog hauv kev sib tham.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua tib zoo saib, tab sis paub tias koj yuav ntsib teeb meem
Philosophical kev sib tham yuav tsis nthuav yog tias txhua tus muaj lub tswv yim zoo ib yam. Yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xav, tau kawg, tab sis koj yuav tsum tseem coj ncaj ncees thiab hwm rau lwm tus neeg thiab lawv cov tswv yim, suav nrog thaum koj tab tom sim ua pov thawj lawv tsis raug.
- Ua siab zoo los ntawm kev mloog lawv cov kev xav tag nrho thiab sim saib cov lus sib cav ntawm qhov pom raws li cov tswv yim tsim nyog xav tau ib yam.
- Yog tias qhov kev sib tham no teeb tsa qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, kev sib cav yuav dhau los ua qhov muaj zog dua, thiab kev sib cav yuav tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tseem xaus qhov kev sib tham hauv qhov zoo thiab qhia kev hwm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab kev xav hnyav
Yog tias cov tswv yim uas tau tham tsis yog ib qho uas koj muaj lub tswv yim txaus lossis muaj kev paub tob tob, nws zoo dua los mloog ntau dua li koom nrog hauv kev sib tham. Tsis txhob tham xwb. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus koj tso rau pem hauv ntej tsis muaj qhov hnyav, koj txoj kev koom tes yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev sib tham ntawm tes.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj muaj kev sib cav txaus, hais lus. Tsis txhob cia li sim ua kom lwm tus neeg lub tswv yim, tab sis tau kawg koj yuav tsum hais koj tus kheej lub tswv yim thiab txhawb kev sib cav
Kauj Ruam 4. Nug cov lus nug ntau
Cov lus nug raug yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tham raws li kev sib cav muaj zog.
- Rov hais dua txhua lub ntsiab lus tau tsa los ntawm lwm tus uas tseem tsis meej rau koj nkag siab.
- Yog tias koj muaj lub ntsiab lus uas tsis muaj leej twg tau tshaj tawm tab sis koj tsis muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau, muab nws tso rau hauv cov lus nug.
