Cov koom haum American Psychological Association (APA) cov qauv citation yog cov lus qhia uas nrov heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg. Yog tias koj xav tau sau kab lus lossis tshawb fawb hauv APA cov qauv kev hais tawm, muaj ntau yam kev cai tsim qauv los txiav txim siab. Citation ntawm cov peev txheej zoo li paj huam yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tsis meej pem tshaj plaws, tab sis yog tias koj ua raws ob peb txoj cai yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem hais tawm cov ntaub ntawv kom raug.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Lus Paj Huam Hauv Kev Sau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov lus hais nrog cov lus luv
Yog tias koj xav hais nqe lus ntawm cov paj huam uas muaj tsawg dua 40 lo lus hauv koj qhov kev sau ntawv, cov paj huam yuav tsum muab sau rau hauv cov lus hais. Koj tsis tas yuav tsim kab tshiab kom suav nrog cov lus hais.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pib sau luv luv zoo li no: Frost sau, "Qee tus hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws."
- Rau Indonesian: Hauv nws cov paj huam, Frost sau hais tias, "Ib txhia hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws."
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb cais kab
Yog tias koj hais ntau dua ib kab ntawm paj huam hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov sib nrug ntawm txhua kab. Txhawm rau qhia nws, muab tus slash nruab nrab ntawm txhua kab.
Piv txwv li, los hais nqe paj huam ob kab, koj yuav sau nws zoo li no: "Qee tus hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg tua hluav taws, / Ib txhia hais hauv dej khov."
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv block quotes rau nqe lus ntev
Yog tias koj xav hais nqe ib feem ntawm cov paj huam uas muaj ntau dua 40 lo lus, siv cov block citation format uas pib ntawm kab tshiab thiab nkag mus 1.3 cm ntawm sab laug.
- Koj tsis tas yuav siv cov lus hais hauv block quotes. Cov lus hais tsis xav tau vim hais tias qhov kev nkag mus nws tus kheej twb qhia tau tias cov ntawv nkag nkag yog kab lus.
- Nco ntsoov tias koj siv qhov sib txawv ob npaug ib yam li lwm qhov hauv tsab ntawv.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Siv Quotations hauv Cov Ntawv Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub npe, xyoo, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv
Thaum twg los xij koj suav nrog cov lus hais los ntawm paj huam, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv nws nrog cov lus hauv kab lus uas coj cov neeg nyeem mus rau qhov tsim nyog nkag mus rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv. Cov ntawv sau hauv kab lus yuav tsum suav nrog tus sau lub xeem, xyoo tshaj tawm, thiab cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov paj huam (pib nrog kab lus "p." Lossis "hal." [Rau Indonesian]).
- Yog tias koj hais txog tus sau lub npe hauv kab lus uas muaj cov lus hais, tsuas suav nrog lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm (hauv kab ntawv) tom qab tus sau lub npe, thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv (tseem nyob hauv kab lus) tom kawg ntawm qhov kev hais tawm. Piv txwv li: Hauv nws zaj paj huam "Hluav Taws thiab Dej Kub," Robert Frost (1923) hais tias, "Ib txhia hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws." (phab 1)
- Rau Indonesian: Hauv nws cov paj huam, "Hluav Taws thiab Dej Kub", Robert Forst (1923) hais txog, "Qee leej hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws." (phab 1).
- Yog tias koj tsis suav nrog tus sau lub npe hauv kab lus uas suav nrog qhov hais tawm, sau peb daim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nqe lus, thiab cais txhua daim ntawv xov xwm nrog tus lej. Piv txwv: "Qee leej hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws." (Frost, 1923, p. 1)
- Rau Indonesian: "Qee tus hais tias lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg hauv hluav taws." (Frost, 1923, p. 1)
- Cov kab lus hauv kab lus yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib txwm tom qab cim kab cim hauv kab lus yav dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob hnov qab txheeb xyuas qhov chaw tsis ncaj qha
Koj yuav tsum tau hais cov paj huam (lossis lwm qhov chaw) txhua lub sijhawm koj hais txog qhov chaw ntawd, txawm tias koj tsis suav nrog qhov hais tawm. Ua raws li cov lus qhia tib yam rau hauv kab ntawv cov lus hais (bracketed citations) thaum twg koj xa mus rau qhov chaw.
Yog tias koj tsis hais txog nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv cov paj huam, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nplooj ntawv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov lus sau hauv kab lus, txawm hais tias nws tau pom zoo tias koj suav nrog cov lej nplooj ntawv yog tias ua tau
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho lub npe ntawm zaj paj huam kom raug
Nco ntsoov tias koj siv cov peev txheej tsim nyog thiab cov ntawv sau thaum hais txog lub npe paj huam lossis lwm qhov chaw. Nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheem txheej txheem sib txawv rau lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab cov npe siv ntu. Rau lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv, ua raws cov cai no:
- Siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus tseem ceeb hauv lub luag haujlwm.
- Muab cov npe ua haujlwm luv hauv cov lus hais (piv txwv li cov paj huam feem ntau).
- Italicize los yog kab lus hauv qab lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev dua (piv txwv li keeb kwm keeb kwm).
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Hais Txog Paj Huam Hauv Phau Ntawv Teev Npe/Siv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb tag nrho phau ntawv uas muaj cov paj huam
Yog tias koj tab tom hais paj huam uas ntev npaum li cov ntsiab lus hauv phau ntawv, siv phau ntawv citation rau cov ntawv luam tawm. Nco ntsoov sau cov cim thiab cov ntawv loj raws li cov qauv piv txwv:
Tus sau lub xeem, Tus sau lub npe (Xyoo luam tawm). Lub npe ntawm txoj haujlwm: Subtitle. Qhov chaw: Publisher
Kauj Ruam 2. Cite cov paj huam hauv cov lus qhuab qhia
Feem ntau, cov paj huam luv luv muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv sau ntau dua lossis cov paj huam. Yog tias koj siv paj huam hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm los siv, siv APA style citation guide rau kab lus thiab tshooj hauv phau ntawv kho. Ua raws li qhov piv txwv hauv qab no thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias koj suav nrog lo lus "Hauv" lossis "Hauv" ua ntej tus editor lub npe, nrog rau cov ntawv luv "pp." Lossis "p." ua ntej tus naj npawb nplooj ntawv:
- Tus sau lub xeem, Tus sau lub npe (Xyoo luam tawm). Paj huam lub npe. Hauv Tus Editor lub npe thiab lub xeem (Eds.), Phau ntawv npe (nplooj ntawv phab). Qhov chaw: Publisher.
- Rau Indonesian: Tus sau lub xeem, Tus sau lub npe (Xyoo luam tawm). Paj huam lub npe. Hauv Editor lub npe thiab lub xeem (Ed.), Phau ntawv teev npe (nplooj ntawv nplooj ntawv). Qhov chaw: Publisher.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho raws phau ntawv qhia raws li koj phau ntawv
Txhua qhov peev txheej muaj qhov tsawg kawg sib txawv me ntsis yog li koj yuav tsum tau hloov pauv me me rau txhua qhov kev hais kom haum rau qhov sib txawv ntawd. Yog tias koj tsis paub yuav hais tawm lossis pob qee cov ntaub ntawv, nug koj tus kws qhia ntawv lossis tus xibfwb kom tau txais kev qhia.
- Feem ntau, yog tias lub hauv paus siv tsis tso tawm lossis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, koj raug tso cai tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev hais tawm.
- Nco ntsoov tias ua lus Askiv, yog tias koj hais ntau nplooj ntawv, siv cov ntawv luv "pp.", Tsis yog "p."
Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Yog tias koj xav tau los hais paj huam pom los ntawm is taws nem, suav cov paj huam ua cov ntawv luam tawm thiab suav nrog txhua cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub vev xaib tshaj tawm. Ib qho ntxiv, ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv uas pab cov nyeem pom cov peev txheej digital uas koj siv.
- Rau cov vev xaib, suav nrog kab lus "Rov qab los ntawm", ua raws li lub vev xaib tag nrho ntawm cov paj huam tom kawg ntawm kab lus.
- Txog e-phau ntawv, hais kom meej hom ntawv ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab zauv, tam sim ntawd tom qab lub npe ntawm phau ntawv (piv txwv li [Kindle DX version] lossis [Kindle DX version]). Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv kab lus "Muaj los ntawm" lossis "Muaj nyob ntawm", ua raws li qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub vev xaib koj nkag mus kom tau txais e-phau ntawv thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev hais tawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Hom ntawv sau cov ntaub ntawv
Tom qab sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev hais tawm, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias nplooj ntawv lossis ntu ntu ntawm phau ntawv sau keeb kwm/siv tau raug teeb tsa thiab tswj tau zoo. Nco ntsoov tias cov cai rau kev siv cov ntawv sau ua ntu tuaj txawv ntawm cov peev txheej uas koj xav tau ua raws thaum sau lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv.
- Siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj ua thawj tsab ntawv ntawm thawj lo lus hauv phau ntawv npe, tsis yog txhua lo lus.
- Tsis txhob muab lub npe ntawm cov paj huam sau rau hauv cov lus hais.
- Siv lub npe/lo lus “References” (“References”) nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv.
- Txheeb txhua qhov nkag raws tus tsiaj ntawv los ntawm tus sau lub xeem. Yog tias koj muaj ntau dua ib lub hauv paus los ntawm tib tus neeg sau, siv hnub tshaj tawm los txheeb cov npe raws sijhawm.
- Thawj kab ntawm txhua qhov kev tsocai yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv, tab sis cov kab tom ntej yuav tsum tau nkag mus 1.3 cm (ob qhov chaw) los ntawm sab laug.
- Thov siv qhov sib txawv ob npaug ib yam li koj xav tau rau cov ntawv ntxiv.
- Yog tias koj suav nrog cov lus piav qhia (qhov chaw piav qhia), ntxiv cov lus piav qhia hauv qab qhov kev hais tawm, thiab teeb tsa cov lus piav qhia kom nws nkag mus ob qhov chaw tob dua kab thib ob ntawm kab lus.
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj yuav tau sau ntau cov ntawv sau lossis tshawb fawb siv APA hom ntawv citation, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los yuav cov ntawv nyuaj ntawm APA cov qauv kev hais lus (lossis them tus nqi nkag online).
- APA tsis yog qhov kev sau cia nkaus xwb. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov tias tus kws qhia lossis kws qhia ntawv qhia koj kom siv APA tus qauv ntawm kev hais tawm.
Ceeb toom
- Nco ntsoov tias koj hais tawm txhua qhov chaw uas tau hais tawm, txhais cov ntsiab lus, lossis txawm hais txog thaum sau koj cov ntawv sau kom zam txhua yam kev dag ntxias.
- Tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj kuj yuav tsum sau tag nrho cov ntawv lossis kab lus hauv APA cov qauv ntawm kev hais tawm. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv APA cov cai hais txog kab thiab kab lus sib nrug, hom font, npoo, thiab lwm yam.
