Internet tau tsim los kom yooj yim, thiab tsis yog kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias koj nthwv internet ntau npaum li tus neeg nruab nrab, muaj feem yuav muaj coob tus neeg tuaj yeem taug qab koj tus cwj pwm nthwv dej los ntawm spyware, ntawv sau, thiab txawm tias lub koob yees duab! Nrog cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem paub tias koj yog leej twg, koj nyob qhov twg, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntiag tug tseem ceeb.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los taug qab lwm tus neeg hauv is taws nem:
- Los ntawm kev tso malware ncaj qha rau hauv computer.
- Los ntawm kev mloog dab tsi tau pauv pauv siv cov servers deb ntawm ib feem ntawm lub network.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Zam Txim Malware
Kauj Ruam 1. Hloov kho cov txheej txheem (operating system / OS)
Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws rau lwm tus neeg txhawm rau taug qab thiab sau txhua yam txog koj yog teeb tsa spyware/virus lossis pib tawg rau hauv koj lub computer. Los ntawm kev hloov kho lub khoos phis tawj OS tsis tu ncua, tus muab kev pabcuam ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb tsis zoo siv thiab siv spyware rau siv tsis raug cai.
Kauj Ruam 2. Khaws qhov program ntawm nws qhov hloov tshiab kawg
Kev hloov kho tshiab tau tsim los txhim kho cov neeg siv yooj yim dua thiab ntxiv ntau yam ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov kho tshiab kuj tseem ua los kho cov kab hauv qhov program. Muaj ntau hom ntshauv; qee qhov tsuas yog pom cov khoom cuav, lwm tus yuav tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev ua qee yam tshaj tawm, thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb thiab siv cov neeg nyiag nkas los tuav koj lub computer. Yog tsis muaj zuam, kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 3. Hloov kho antivirus tsis tu ncua thiab ua kom nws nquag hauv MS Windows
Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tau hloov kho tshiab, qee cov kab mob tseem tuaj yeem hla dhau. Yog tias lub antivirus tsis tau khiav hauv keeb kwm yav dhau thiab tsis txheeb xyuas qhov system tas li, tshem tawm koj li program tiv thaiv kab mob. Nco ntsoov tias cov program tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau saib rau kab mob, spyware, rootkits, thiab cua nab. Cov kev pabcuam tiv thaiv spyware tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv tsuas yog ib qho tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob uas yog ON
Ib txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob zoo yuav tsum saib xyuas lub computer kom zoo. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws, ib qho ntawm cov program yuav yuam kev lwm qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob malware yuav thaiv ib leeg txoj haujlwm. Yog tias koj xav siv ntau dua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, hloov kho lub hauv paus, tshem tawm lub khoos phis tawj los ntawm Is Taws Nem, lov tes taw lub ntsiab tiv thaiv kab mob kom tiav thiab ua haujlwm thib ob tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog hauv "xav tau" hom. Tom qab ntawd, tej zaum koj tau txais qhov tsis raug zoo txog lub ntsiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis txhob txhawj, qhov no yog ib txwm. Tua tawm lub ntsiab tiv thaiv kab mob thiab koj tuaj yeem siv lub khoos phis tawj li qub. Malwarebytes yog qhov kev pabcuam tiv thaiv zoo ntxiv rau ntxiv rau koj cov antivirus.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim tsis txhob rub lwm yam tshaj li qhov chaw raug cai (txhua OS) lossis chaw cia siab ntseeg (Linux/BSD/MacOS)
Piv txwv, yog tias koj xav rub VLC Media Player, tau nws los ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai (tshawb hauv Google ua ntej lossis mus ntsib www.videolan.org/vlc/). Tsis txhob siv cov kev txuas los ntawm ib qho chaw tsis raug cai, txawm tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis pom tias muaj kev phom sij.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas qhov kos npe binary, yog ua tau
Koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib lub vev xaib no kom nyeem cov piv txwv thiab cov ntawv wiki. Thov nco ntsoov tias md5 tsis tuaj yeem siv tau ntxiv yog li peb pom zoo siv sha256. Yeej, koj lub hom phiaj yog tsim kom muaj kev kos npe los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li program installer/installer). Cov npe no tau muab rau ntawm cov vev xaib raug cai lossis cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau. Thaum rub tawm cov ntawv, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov kos npe no koj tus kheej los ntawm cov ntawv nrog qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem sib piv nws rau qhov kos npe los ntawm lub xaib; yog tias lawv zoo ib yam, ces koj muaj tus txhim kho zoo. Txwv tsis pub, nws muaj peev xwm tias koj rub tawm lub installer cuav uas muaj tus kab mob lossis qhov rub tawm tsis tau tiav (xijpeem nws yog, koj yuav tsum rub tawm cov ntawv ntxiv kom paub tseeb). Ntawm feem ntau Linux kev faib khoom, cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav thiab hauv *BSD nws siv ib tus thawj tswj hwm pob tsis tas yuav muaj kev nqis tes ua tshwj xeeb. Hauv Windows, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej.
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv lub firewall
Rau Linux/*BSD, muaj ob lub firewalls zoo ua ke (netfilter/iptables thiab pf feem). Rau MS Windows, koj yuav tsum nrhiav lub firewall zoo. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub foob pob hluav taws zoo ib yam li kev hloov tsheb hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb loj uas muaj ntau lub tsheb ciav hlau (cov ntaub ntawv network), cov platform (chaw nres nkoj), thiab cov tsheb nqaj hlau (ntws). Kab laum tsis tuaj yeem thauj nws tus kheej thiab xav tau ib tus neeg qhov kev pab (kev pabcuam lossis daemon, piv txwv li ib txoj haujlwm khiav hauv keeb kwm yav dhau uas mloog rau qee qhov chaw nres nkoj). Yog tsis muaj leej twg pab, qhov kev pabcuam yuav tsis ua dab tsi, txawm tias lub tsheb ciav hlau tau ua rau lub platform. Nco ntsoov, firewall tsis yog phab ntsa lossis rooj vag, nws yog tus hloov pauv (lub firewall tuaj yeem ua ntau ntau dua li tsuas yog tso cai lossis thaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntws). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tswj kev sib txuas tawm (tshwj tsis yog tias koj thaiv txhua yam lossis tshem tawm koj lub khoos phis tawj), tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem teev cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm. Feem ntau cov spyware pom txoj hauv kev hla dhau firewalls, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem zais nws cov haujlwm, thiab koj tuaj yeem yooj yim dua nrhiav spyware uas xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub server deb ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj 933 txawm tias koj tsis siv IMAP program uas pom nws, nkaum hauv Is Taws Nem Cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chaw nres nkoj 443 uas siv txhua hnub. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob (netfilter/iptables thiab PF), tsuas yog nkag mus rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv tawm mus thiab thaiv txhua cov ntaub ntawv nkag tshwj tsis yog muaj thiab txuas txuas. Tsis txhob hnov qab tso cai txhua yam ntawm lub loopback (lo) ntaus ntawv; Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 8. Siv nws tsuas yog ceeb toom yog tias koj lub firewall tsis muaj neeg nyob
Koj tsis tuaj yeem thaiv cov ntaub ntawv nkag los ntse. Zam ib-app lim raws li nws nyuaj, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab muab kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Feem ntau cov spyware niaj hnub no txuas nws cov cai tsis zoo rau daim ntawv thov uas ntseeg tau uas xav tias yuav siv los nkag rau internet (feem ntau yog Internet Explorer) thiab pib nrog daim ntawv thov ntawd. Thaum Internet Explorer sim txuas rau internet, lub firewall yuav nug koj qhov kev lees paub. Yog tias koj teb "yog" (yog), tus spyware yuav tuaj yeem xa txhua yam ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj 80 thiab 443, nrog rau koj cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag.
Kauj Ruam 9. Txheeb xyuas cov kev pabcuam twg (tseem hu ua daemons) tab tom ua haujlwm
Raws li tau hais yav dhau los, yog tias tsis muaj leej twg nyob ntawm lub platform thauj lub tsheb ciav hlau, Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Koj tsis yog server; Koj tsis xav tau kev pabcuam kom tuaj yeem taug kev thiab hnov sab nraud! (ua zoo dev tom, feem ntau ntawm Windows/Linux/MacOS/BSD cov kev pabcuam xav tau thiab tsis mloog sab nraud!) ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj no yog tias koj tsis siv Windows Shares. Nco ntsoov, kab hauv qhov kev pabcuam yog lub qhov rooj qhib dav kom siv koj lub computer nyob deb. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem sim qhov chaw kuaj xyuas qhov chaw zoo li nmap txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov chaw nres nkoj twg los thaiv lossis cov kev pabcuam twg cuam tshuam (tib yam tshwm sim).
Kauj ruam 10. Sim tsis txhob siv tus account admin
Txawm hais tias nws zoo dua hauv Windows Vista thiab Xya, yog tias koj siv tus account admin, txhua lub software yuav tuaj yeem thov cov cai tswj hwm, suav nrog malware yog tias tau pib ua tsis raug cai. Yog tias koj tsis yog tus thawj coj, spyware yuav tau sim nyuab dua rau hauv koj lub computer. Tsawg kawg, yog tias koj yog tus siv tus qauv, spyware tuaj yeem xa koj cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tsis yog rau lwm tus siv. Spyware yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub kaw lus xa cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm koj lub computer.
Kauj Ruam 11. Hloov mus rau Linux yog tias koj tsis xav tau lub khoos phis tawj los ua si lossis siv software tshwj xeeb
Txog rau hnub tim, ob peb lub khoos phis tawj malware tau paub los tua Linux, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tau raug xiam oob qhab ntev dhau los ua tsaug rau kev nyab xeeb hloov tshiab. Binaries tau txais los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, kos npe thiab muaj tseeb qhov chaw cia khoom. Koj tsis xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau dawb, qhib qhov chaw thiab cov haujlwm zoo kom tau raws li qhov koj xav tau ntau (Firefox, Chrome, Inkscape, GIMP, Pidgin, OpenOffice, FileZilla, FFmpeg (siv yuav luag txhua lub suab/yees duab hloov pauv) rau Windows), Ghostscript (siv hauv txhua qhov hloov pauv PDF uas twb muaj lawm), XChat, thiab ntau yam haujlwm uas tau tsim los ntawm Linux thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau Windows vim tias lawv zoo heev).
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Tiv Thaiv Lwm Tus Snooping ntawm Koj Kev Sib Txuas
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub network nkag tsis tau yog koj tsis paub lossis tsis taus
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj lub wireless network tau encrypted nrog tsawg kawg WPA-TKIP lossis ntau tshaj WPA (2) -CCMP lossis WPA2-AES
Tam sim no, kev siv WEP encryption lossis tsis muaj encryption txhua qhov tseem yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sim tsis txhob nthwv hla cov neeg cuam tshuam
Yog tias koj raug yuam kom siv tus neeg sawv cev, nco ntsoov tias koj raug yuam kom ntseeg tus neeg txawv txawv uas tswj tus neeg siv npe. Tus neeg no tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab khaws txhua yam uas koj xa/tau txais los ntawm lawv cov npe. Nws tseem tuaj yeem unencrypt cov txheej txheem muab rau koj siv (piv txwv li HTTPS, SMTPS, IMAPS, thiab lwm yam) thaum koj tsis ua raws. Yog tias yog, tus neeg no tuaj yeem tau txais koj daim npav rho nyiaj, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua los siv HTTPS thaum twg los tau ntau dua los siv cov neeg tsis txaus siab.
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv encryption thaum twg los tau
Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj leej twg uas tsis yog koj thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov nyob deb tuaj yeem nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv raug xa thiab tau txais. Siv SSL/TLS thaum twg los xij, nyob deb ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj FTP, HTTP, POP, IMAP thiab SMTP (siv SFTP, FTPS, HTTPS, POPS, IMAPS thiab POPS). Yog tias koj tus browser hais tias daim ntawv pov thawj tsis raug, tawm ntawm qhov chaw tam sim ntawd.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim tsis txhob siv IP-hide cov kev pabcuam
Qhov kev pabcuam no yeej yog tus sawv cev. Txhua yam koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav dhau los ntawm tus ntawv no kom lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab khaws txhua yam. Qhov kev pabcuam no tseem tuaj yeem muab cov vev xaib cuav kom tau txais koj cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws thiab txawm siv nws ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tiag tiag yog li koj tsis paub tias koj tau muab cov ntaub ntawv rhiab rau neeg txawv.
Lub tswv yim
- Tsis txhob qhib email los ntawm neeg txawv.
- Tsis txhob qhib cov ntawv txuas hauv email tshwj tsis yog lawv tau los ntawm tus neeg ntseeg siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tau piav qhia
- Cov ntshauv hauv web yog txoj hauv kev zoo los taug qab cov vev xaib twg mus ntsib. Ntau qhov txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem tshem nws zoo li Ghostery rau Chrome thiab Firefox.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ua si online uas xav tau chaw nres nkoj qhib, koj feem ntau tsis tas yuav kaw nws tom qab. Nco ntsoov, yog tias tsis muaj kev pabcuam, kev hem thawj yog tsis muaj. Thaum tawm qhov kev ua si, tsis muaj leej twg mloog qhov qhib chaw nres nkoj zoo li nws raug kaw.
- Ib lub vev xaib ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem taug qab koj tus IP ntawm lwm lub xaib.
- Yog tias koj siv tus neeg siv khoom xaib, teeb tsa nws kom email tau tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv yooj yim (Tsis yog hauv HTML). Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nyeem email, tom qab ntawv tag nrho nplooj ntawv yog HTML duab uas feem ntau yuav tshaj tawm lossis spam.
- Tsis txhob muab lub computer tso rau hauv DMZ; tsuas yog cov neeg hauv koj lub network tuaj yeem siv qhov tsis txaus. Yog tias koj nyob hauv DMZ, koj lub network yog internet ncaj qha.
- Tsis txhob siv ntau lub spyware detectors tib lub sijhawm.
- Koj tus IP tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau hackers.
- Tus tswv lub vev xaib tsis tuaj yeem taug qab koj siv koj tus IP chaw nyob; Feem ntau ntawm qhov xwm txheej, ISP muab tus IP chaw nyob kom zoo. Tus IP chaw nyob yuav hloov pauv ib ntus thiab ISP tsuas yog ib tus neeg paub koj yog leej twg. Cov txheej txheem, ISP yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab txheeb xyuas txhua tus.
- Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, IP chaw nyob yog chaw nyob. Tsuas yog vim tias qhov chaw nyob tau paub, tsis txhais tau tias lub tsev yooj yim mus nyiag! Tib yam nrog IP chaw nyob.
- Qhib chaw nres nkoj (sab hauv lub firewall) yam tsis muaj kev pabcuam cuam tshuam mloog tom qab qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau hackers.
