Yog li koj tuaj yeem ua ntau ntau cov duab zoo nrog lub koob yees duab digital, xub nkag siab lub tswv yim ntawm kev nthuav tawm. Nrog lub koob yees duab DSLR zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov duab uas saib zoo. Tab sis thaum koj nkag siab qhov raug, koj yuav pom tias cov duab uas koj thaij yuav mus deb tshaj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus thawj coj uas tsim nyog nco.
Kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias "kev nthuav tawm duab" yog dab tsi thiab qhov cuam tshuam li cas rau cov duab
Kev nthuav tawm yog lo lus uas hais txog ob yam ntawm kev yees duab, uas hais txog yuav ua li cas tswj lub teeb thiab tsaus qhov ntawm daim duab.
- Raug raug tswj los ntawm lub koob yees duab lub teeb ntsuas. Lub ntsuas ntsuas lub teeb yuav txiav txim qhov raug qhov raug thiab teeb tsa f-nres (diaphragm tus lej) thiab kaw nrawm (kaw nrawm). F-nres yog tus lej ib feem nrog tsab ntawv "f" sawv cev rau lub focal ntev. F-nres yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib lub focal ntev los ntawm lub qhov taub. Qhov f-nres ntawm f/2.8 txhais tau tias 1/2.8 piv rau f/16, uas yuav yog 1/16. Yog tias koj xav tias nws yog ib daim ncuav qab zib, koj yuav tau txais ntau lub ncuav nrog 1/2.8 tshaj li 1/16.
- Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm teeb tsa qhov tseeb f-nres thiab kaw qhov nrawm rau txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj kom tau txais cov duab uas muaj lub teeb txaus. Los yog ua lwm yam lus: “cov duab nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab qib tsaus nti”; lossis "tsim cov duab tsim nyog".
- Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom nkag siab nws yog "xav txog lub thoob dej nrog lub qhov hauv qab. Yog tias lub qhov loj (diaphragm loj), tom qab ntawd cov dej yuav ntws sai (qhov kaw qhov nrawm yuav tsum ceev). Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog lub qhov taub me me (lub diaphragm me me), dej yuav ntws qeeb (qhov kaw qhov nrawm yuav tsum qeeb)."
- Raug, lossis qhov pom kev thiab qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm daim duab, yog kev sib txuas ntawm f-nres (piv txwv li qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub lens) thiab qhov nrawm nrawm (piv txwv li lub sijhawm qhib lub qhov rooj qhib). Yog li, yog tias lub qhov rooj qhib qhib ntev dua, lub teeb pom kev ntau yuav nkag mus rau hauv zaj duab xis lossis nkag mus rau lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab cov duab tshwm sim yuav ci dua. Yog tias qhov kev nthuav tawm luv dua (lub teeb tsawg nkag mus rau zaj duab xis/digital sensor), daim duab yuav tsaus dua. Qhov kaw qhov ntev txhais tau tias: raug ntau dua, ntau lub teeb nkag los. Lub kaw lus luv luv txhais tau tias: raug tsawg dua, tsis pom lub teeb nkag mus.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm f-nres
Tus f-nres (tseem hu ua f-tus lej lossis tus lej diaphragm) yog tus lej ib feem, uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov tseeb lub lens qhov sib piv piv rau lub lens focal ntev. Lub diaphragm yog qhov qhib uas lub teeb nkag mus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sim ua piv txwv hauv qab no
Piv txwv, hais tias koj muaj lub lens nrog lub focal ntev ntawm 50 hli thiab f-nres ntawm f/1.8. Tus naj npawb f-nres tau txiav txim siab los ntawm focal ntev: diaphragm. Yog li 50/x = 1.8 lossis x ~ = 28. Txoj kab uas hla tiag tiag, uas lub teeb nkag los ntawm lub lens, yog 28 hli ntev. Yog tias lub lens muaj f-nres ntawm 1, piv txwv li, lub qhov muag yuav yog 50 hli vim tias 50/1 = 50. Qhov ntawd yog dab tsi f-nres tiag tiag txhais tau tias.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm paub hom kev nthuav tawm ntawm koj lub koob yees duab digital
Hauv phau ntawv hom, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa f-nres thiab kaw nrawm. Yog tias koj xav tau tiag tiag los tswj lub teeb, raug, thiab yuav ua li cas lub yees duab tig tawm, kawm paub siv hom kev nthuav tawm li cas. Qhov kev paub no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis yog rau cov tib neeg uas nyiam kev yees duab lossis kws yees duab uas tseem tua nrog lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis! Phau ntawv hom tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub no, txawm tias rau cov koob yees duab digital, vim tias nrog hom no koj tuaj yeem tswj qhov zoo thiab xav tias koj xav nthuav tawm hauv daim duab.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag siab tias yog vim li cas koj thiaj yuav tsum tau qhia kom pom
Lub diaphragm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj cov duab vim nws tswj lub teeb nkag mus ntau npaum li cas, thiab lub teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau daim duab. Yog tsis muaj lub teeb, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov duab.
- Teem lub diaphragm los tswj lub teeb thiab tus nqi ntawm ib feem uas zoo nkaus li tsom mus rau hauv daim duab, lossis qhov uas paub tias yog qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw (tob ntawm daim teb).
- Teeb lub qhov taub dav, xws li f/2 lossis 2.8, kom qhov muag plooj tom qab thiab ua rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab zoo li ntse heev. Koj kuj tseem xav siv lub qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum tua hauv lub teeb qis kom tsis txhob muaj cov duab tsis meej.
- Tua nrog lub qhov taub nruab nrab xws li 5.6 lossis 8 kom cov ntsiab lus zoo li ntse thiab keeb kwm yav dhau yog me ntsis ntawm qhov ua kom pom tseeb, tab sis tseem pom tau.
- Tua nrog lub qhov me me zoo li f/11 lossis me dua rau cov duab toj roob hauv pes, yog tias koj xav kom txhua yam tshwm sim los ua kom pom tseeb, los ntawm cov paj nyob rau pem hauv ntej, mus rau tus dej thiab roob hauv qab. Nyob ntawm hom ntawv, lub qhov me me xws li f/16 thiab me dua yuav ua rau cov duab ploj vim qhov cuam tshuam.
- Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov duab zoo, kev siv lub qhov taub kom raug suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntau los ntawm ntau tus kws yees duab ntau dua li kaw qhov nrawm, vim tias xaiv qhov lub qhov taub kom raug yuav txiav txim siab qhov nrawm ntawm daim duab, thiab qhov no yuav ua qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Lub caij no, kev siv lub nrawm nrawm ntawm 1/250 lossis 1/1000 yuav tsis zoo li qhov tseem ceeb.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nkag siab tias vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau teev tus txheej txheem ISO
ISO ntawm lub koob yees duab digital ua haujlwm los tswj qib kev nkag siab ntawm lub koob yees duab kom pom kev. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ci, peb teeb tsa lub koob yees duab kom tsis txhob teeb tsa lub ntsej muag txhawm rau tsim cov duab uas tsis muaj suab nrov (ntau cov hmoov nplej) vim tias qhov kaw qhov nrawm nrawm heev, uas yog ntawm ISO 100. Hauv qhov pom kev qis nrog me ntsis ntuj muaj lub teeb pom kev, lub koob yees duab yuav tsum teeb kom nkag siab ntau dua. Yog li, nce ISO los ntawm 100 txog 1600 lossis txawm tias yog 6400 yog tias tsim nyog, kom lub teeb txaus nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab thiab daim duab tsis ua qhov muag tsis pom. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nyiaj them rov qab yog dab tsi? Thaum koj nce ISO, daim duab yuav nrov dua (yog tias hauv lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis nws hu ua grainy lossis grainy) thiab cov xim hauv daim duab yuav muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg dua. Yog li, teeb tsa ISO mus rau tus lej qis tshaj, tab sis tsis txhob cia cov duab ua qhov muag tsis pom.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas ISO xav tau rau daim duab uas koj yuav mus
ISO ntawm cov koob yees duab digital yog tib yam li ISO ntawm cov koob yees duab zaj duab xis. Yav dhau los, koj yuav cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li ISO uas ua kom pom lub teeb pom kev ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau yees duab. Tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa ISO ntawm lub koob yees duab raws li lub teeb pom kev muaj.
- Kuv yuav teeb nws li cas? Ntawm qee lub koob yees duab, muaj khawm nyob saum lub koob yees duab uas hais tias ISO. Tsuas yog nias lub pob lossis tig lub iav, thiab hloov ISO.
- Ntawm qee lub koob yees duab, koj yuav tsum mus rau Ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab saib rau ISO teeb tsa. Nyem rau ISO teeb tsa thiab hloov tus lej. Qhov ntawd yog yuav teeb ISO li cas ntawm lub koob yees duab digital.
Kauj Ruam 8. Khov qhov kev txav chaw los ntawm kev hloov qhov ceev ntawm lub koob yees duab
Hloov qhov ceev ntawm lub koob yees duab kom khov qhov txav ntawm cov duab. Yog tias koj tab tom tua yam tsis muaj lub koob yees duab, qhov kaw qhov nrawm yuav tsum tau teeb nrawm lossis nrawm dua li qhov rov qab ntawm qhov focal ntev. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias koj tab tom tua nrog lub lens 100mm, tom qab ntawd kaw qhov ceev ntawm 1/100th ntawm ob yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Ntawm qhov nrawm no, qib ntawm cov duab plooj tuaj yeem txo qis.
Kauj Ruam 9. Yog tias koj tab tom tua lub ncauj lus, hloov qhov nrawm mus rau qhov ntau ntawm 1/500 txog 1/1000 kom khov qhov txav ntawm cov ncauj lus
Kauj Ruam 10. Yog tias koj tab tom tua hauv lub teeb qis thiab xav tau lub teeb ntau ntxiv kom nkag mus rau qhov kaw, teeb qhov ceev mus rau 30 lossis 15 vib nas this
Thaum koj ua qhov no, kev txav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab yuav pom qhov muag plooj. Yog li, teeb tsa qhov ceev mus rau 30 lossis 15 vib nas this tsuas yog thaum lub teeb pom kev qis lossis thaum koj xav kom cov lus tsa suab ntawm tus yees duab kom pom qhov muag tsis pom.
- Qhov nruab nrab qhov nrawm: 125 lossis 250 rau feem ntau cov duab.
- Kev kaw nrawm nrawm: 500 lossis 1000 kom khov ib qho kev txav.
- Kev kaw lub suab qis: 30 lossis 15 vib nas this kom ua rau lub zog txav mus los zoo li lub ntsej muag lossis thaum koj tab tom tua hauv qhov chaw qis.
Kauj Ruam 11. Kawm paub hloov pauv qhov ceev ntawm lub koob yees duab digital
Tej zaum koj lub koob yees duab muaj lub iav lossis khawm xaiv, lossis cov teeb tsa tuaj yeem yog hauv Cov Ntawv Qhia.
Kauj Ruam 12. Nws zoo dua rau qhov tsis pom kev (tsawg lub teeb) ntau dua li qhov pom ntau (ntau lub teeb)
Tau kawg peb xav tau qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais qhov raug, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsis pom kev thiab tso cov duab tsaus me ntsis. Yog tias daim duab raug ntau dhau, txhua cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv daim duab yuav ploj thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau. Thaum cov duab tsis tau pom dua tseem muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua los kho qhov txheej txheem tom qab. Koj tuaj yeem teeb lub koob yees duab mus rau qhov tsis tau siv qhov kev them nyiaj EV (raug tus nqi raug).
Kauj Ruam 13. Kawm Txoj Haujlwm Txoj Haujlwm ntawm lub koob yees duab
Nrog hom kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub koob yees duab, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau li cas cov duab raug kho. Lub neej ntawd hom yog "P" hom (Hom Haujlwm). Nrog hom no koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov ceev los yog diaphragm thiab kho lwm qhov txiaj ntsig raws li cov kev teeb tsa no, kom cov duab tau teeb pom kev zoo raws li lub ntsuas ntsuas lub teeb. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Txoj Haujlwm yog qhov koj tsis tas yuav paub dab tsi. Hom no tsuas yog ib qib siab dua hom ntsuab tsis siv neeg, aka tiv thaiv hom tsis ua haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 14. Kawm hom Aperture Priority
Ntawm cov koob yees duab digital, koj muaj kev xaiv "A-mode" lossis Aperture Priority. Hauv Aperture Priority mode (qhov no yog hom kev txiav txim siab pom), koj xaiv tus f-nres lossis tus lej qhov nkag. Tom qab ntawd, lub koob yees duab yuav xaiv qhov nrawm rau koj. Aperture Qhov Tseem Ceeb yog suav tias yog hom muaj txiaj ntsig dua. Yog li, txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog xaiv f-nres, piv txwv li f/2.8 kom plooj qhov keeb kwm yav dhau, f/8 rau qhov chaw ntse nruab nrab, lossis f/16 coj txhua yam hauv kev tsom.
Kauj Ruam 15. Kawm Shutter Priority mode
Paub txog hom Shutter Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm koj lub koob yees duab. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm Shutter Priority mode yog tias koj tuaj yeem teev tus naj npawb tseeb lossis yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv. Tom qab ntawd, lub koob yees duab yuav xaiv tus lej f-nres rau koj. Ntawm koj lub koob yees duab, Hom Shutter Qhov Tseem Ceeb no tuaj yeem hais qhia los ntawm S lossis TV lub cim, nyob ntawm hom koob yees duab.
- Hauv hom Shutter Qhov Tseem Ceeb, txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog xaiv qhov nrawm thiab lub koob yees duab yuav teeb tsa nws f-nres.
- Nrog Hom Shutter Qhov Tseem Ceeb, lub koob yees duab yuav tua ntawm qhov nrawm uas koj tau xaiv, tsis hais seb daim duab puas raug qhov raug lossis tsis yog.
