Cov xovtooj ntawm tes yog cov khoom siv uas muaj sia nyob. Yog tias koj kawm txog biology hauv tsev kawm ntawv, koj niam lossis txiv yuav muab koj tus qauv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tes los ntxiv rau koj nkag siab txog tias cov cell ua haujlwm li cas. Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv ntawm tes rau kev lom zem tshawb fawb. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv xov tooj ntawm tes nrog cov khoom xyaw yooj yim kom tob koj qhov kev nkag siab thaum qhia lwm tus.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Npaj Txoj Haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog koj txoj haujlwm
Koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov kev cia siab yog dab tsi thiab cov cai yog dab tsi. Koj puas xav ua tsiaj txhu tsiaj rau kev lom zem science lossis tsuas yog ua haujlwm tom tsev? Muaj ntau tus qauv ntawm tes tsiaj uas tuaj yeem tsim thiab koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm rau lawv kom zoo tshaj qhov koj muaj peev xwm. Xyuas kom koj paub tiag tiag qhov kev cia siab ntawm koj. Muaj qee cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kheej lossis tus kws qhia ntawv, xws li:
- Koj puas yuav tsum tsim koj tus kheej lub cell tsim tsiaj lossis koj puas yuav tsum ua raws tus kws qhia ntawv qhia?
- Puas yog cov cell yuav tsum tau noj lossis tsis?
- Cov tsiaj ntawm tes tsiaj twg yuav tsum suav nrog?
- Qhov loj npaum li cas?
- Thaum twg yog hnub kawg rau kev ua tiav?
- Puas yog cov cell yuav tsum yog 3D?
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub ntu ntawm cov tsiaj cell
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tes yog los sawv cev rau txhua feem kom raug. Nco ntsoov tias cov tsiaj tsiaj thiab cov hlwb cog sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Cov hlwb muaj qhov sib txawv thiab cov tsiaj tsiaj tsis zoo ib yam li cov tsiaj tsiaj. Nco ntsoov tias koj tau paub txog cov khoom ib leeg ntawm tes ib yam nkaus, suav nrog lawv txoj haujlwm, lawv nyob qhov twg, thiab lawv tsim los li cas. Txhua yam no yuav pab koj tsim tus qauv kom raug dua. Cov tsiaj ntawm tes uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau suav nrog:
- cev. Lub nucleus yog lub nucleus ntawm tes. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj DNA nyob ntawm no, lub hauv paus tseem tswj hwm cov protein sib txuas.
- Nucleolus. Tshooj lus no yog organelle uas RNA tau tsim tawm. Qhov no yog sab hauv ntawm cov cell nucleus. Feem ntau nws yog xim dub me ntsis dua li cov keeb.
- Nuclear membrane. Cov membrane no yog ib txheej nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig lub nucleus.
- centrosome. Seem no pab ua microtubules thiab nyob sab nraum lub nucleus.
- cell daim nyias nyias. Daim nyias nyias yog txheej tiv thaiv nyias nyias ntawm tes ua los ntawm cov protein thiab rog. Nqe lus no tsuas tso cai qee cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus thaum khaws lwm cov khoom siv organic muaj kev nyab xeeb sab hauv ntawm tes.
- Cytoplasm. Qhov no tau muab los ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes sab nraum lub nucleus, tabsis tseem nyob hauv cov cell. Cov cytoplasm muaj lwm cov cell organelles uas tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tes thiab muaj qhov sib xws zoo li jelly.
- lysosomes. Cov organelles no zom cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj cov duab ncig.
- Ribosomes. Ribosomes zoo li cov noob thiab muaj qhov me me. Nws txoj haujlwm yog los pab cov protein sib sau ua ke.
- Golgi lub cev. Tshooj lus no zoo li cov pawg ntawm cov voj voos tiaj tus uas pab txhawm rau txhim kho daim nyias nyias rau lwm cov organelles.
- Vacuole. Nqe lus no zoo li lub hnab ntim dej ntim rau hauv daim nyias nyias. Feem ntau ntu no ua haujlwm khaws cov khoom seem.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum. Nws yog lub network sib khi thiab sib txuas tubules hauv xovtooj ntawm tes. Lub ntsiab lus yog thauj cov khoom los ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov endoplasmic reticulum uas tau qhwv hauv ribosomes hu ua '' ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum '', thaum ib qho uas tsis tau npog nrog ribosomes hu ua '' du endoplasmic reticulum ''. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum yog ib ceg ntawm ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum.
- Mitochondria. Mitochondria hloov cov piam thaj rau hauv lub zog rau cov cell. Cov duab tuaj yeem hloov lossis zoo li tus pas nrig.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kos daim duab qhia chaw ntawm cov tsiaj tsiaj
Yog tias koj tsis muaj daim ntawv ua haujlwm rau sau cov npe ntawm cov cell thiab lawv zoo li cas, koj yuav tsum kos cov tsiaj tsiaj ntawm koj tus kheej. Koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv qhia ntxaws thiab ua tiav ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tes los pab koj npaj, tsim qauv, thiab ua tus qauv. Kuj xyuas kom daim duab qhia chaw loj txaus rau koj kom koj tuaj yeem sau npe txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom meej thiab raug. Txuag daim duab no thiab nqa nrog koj txhua qhov chaw koj mus yog li koj tuaj yeem lees paub dua tias cov qauv ntawm tes raug lossis tsis raug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Pib ntxov
Koj tuaj yeem xav tau sijhawm ntau los tsim thiab teeb tsa tus qauv, nyob ntawm seb hom qauv koj tab tom tsim,. Piv txwv li, av nplaum nyuaj rau tawv, yog li gelatin siv sijhawm los ua tawv ib yam. Thaum koj yuav xav tau qee lub sijhawm mus yuav lwm cov khoom xyaw. Xyuas kom koj muaj sijhawm txaus los npaj thiab tsim cov qauv xov tooj ntawm tes zoo tshaj plaws.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Ua Cov Tsiaj Tsiaj Noj Tau Los ntawm Gelatin
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav cov khoom xyaw hauv khw muag khoom
Cov qauv tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj uas tau noj tau tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim siv cov khoom pheej yig uas muaj ntau heev hauv cov khw muag khoom lossis cov khw hauv zos. Koj muaj kev yoog raws hauv kev xaiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas koj xav siv los sawv cev rau cov khoom siv ntawm tes. Tab sis feem ntau, koj yuav xav tau cov xim dawb gelatin ua cov khoom siv los sawv cev rau cytoplasm. Tom qab ntawd, koj kuj xav tau lub hnab yas los ua cov kab mob ntawm tes, thiab ntau yam khoom qab zib, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txiv ntseej los ua organelles thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawm tes. Feem ntau, qee cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem yuav suav nrog:
- Cov xim dawb gelatin, zoo li Nutrijel jelly. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj xim zoo nkauj (xws li txiv qaub) nrog rau cov hnab gelatin. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav dhau los ua cytoplasm. Kev xaiv cov xim gelatin ci kuj tseem ceeb heev kom lwm cov khoom siv ntawm tes yuav sawv tawm.
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj uas muaj qhov los sawv cev rau lub nucleus (txiv hmab txiv ntoo) thiab nucleolus (txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov). Koj tuaj yeem siv plums, txiv duaj, apricots, lossis cherries nyob ntawm seb tus qauv loj npaum li cas.
- Me me, puag ncig txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis khoom qab zib. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab khoom qab zib yuav siv los sawv cev rau lysosomes. Piv txwv, Cha-Cha qhob noom xim kasfes, M & M, cov pos hniav, lossis cawv tuaj yeem ua piv txwv ntawm lysosomes zoo.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog khoom qab zib yog oval lossis lo rau hauv cov duab. Ib feem uas yuav sawv cev los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis khoom qab zib no yog mitochondria. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv piv txwv li raisins thiab qhuav apricots nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus qauv uas twb muaj lawm.
- Me ntsis loj dua thiab tsis xwm yeem qhov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab khoom qab zib. Ib feem ntawm cov cell sawv cev yog vacuole. Cov txiv tsawb me me los yog lub ntsej muag zoo li cov khoom qab zib jelly yog cov xaiv zoo.
- Cov khoom qab zib yog me me thiab zoo li cov noob. Cov khoom qab zib no yuav sawv cev rau ribosome. Yog li ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom qab zib me me txaus dua li cov khoom siv ntawm tes. Qee qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm cov khoom qab zib suav nrog: Tic-Tac, Frozz thiab cov khoom qab zib jelly me me.
- Hloov thiab khoom qab zib. Cov khoom qab zib no yuav sawv cev rau qhov centrosome. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv los sawv cev nws yog Hexos thiab Strepsils candies.
- Khoom qab zib ntev los yog hlua. Hom khoom qab zib no yuav sawv cev rau qhov endoplasmic reticulum. Yog tias koj xav kom tus qauv saib zoo dua, yuav cov khoom qab zib uas tau lo nrog cov piam thaj (los sawv cev rau qhov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum) thiab lwm cov khoom qab zib uas muaj cov nplaim du (los sawv cev rau qhov du endoplasmic reticulum). Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog jelly candies, jelly worms, thiab ntau hom cawv txiv hmab qab zib.
- Cov khoom qab zib ntev ntev lossis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem sawv cev rau Golgi lub cev kom raug yog tias koj yob qhov ntev, cov khoom qab zib tiaj tus lossis cov khoom noj txom ncauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Piv txwv uas tuaj yeem siv tau suav nrog Big Babol lossis Wrigley cov pos hniav, dov cov khoom noj txom ncauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo tev uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj no.
Kauj Ruam 2. Kab ib lub tais lossis khob loj nrog lub hnab yas meej
Cov hnab yas ntshiab no feem ntau siv hauv ntau txoj haujlwm los sawv cev rau daim nyias nyias ntawm tes. Lub hnab yas yuav tsum kom meej kom koj tus qauv ntawm tes tau pom meej. Saib rau lub tais nruab nrab, khob loj lossis ntim uas tuaj yeem tuav txog 3.8 litres kua. Tom qab ntawd kho lub ntim no nrog lub hnab yas meej. Lub thawv no yuav ua haujlwm ua pwm gelatin nrog rau cov qauv ntawm lub plhaub ntawm tes.
Kauj Ruam 3. Npaj cov gelatin
Feem ntau, cov khoom lag luam jelly lossis gelatin twb muaj cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas ua jelly ntawm pob. Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo ua raws cov lus qhia kom zoo nrog ob peb qhov kev zam: tsis txhob ntxiv dej ntau npaum li cov pob agar qhia. Qhov no lub hom phiaj ua kom cov qauv gelatin muaj zog thiab ntom ntom, kom cov qauv gelatin yuav tsis tawg yooj yim. Feem ntau, cov kauj ruam rau kev npaj gelatin yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Dissolve cov hmoov gelatin hauv cov dej npau hauv lub tais uas tsis muaj cua sov thiab ua tib zoo.
- Ntxiv dej txias ib co dej npau.
- Cia cov gelatin txias.
- Ncuav cov gelatin sib tov rau hauv lub tais uas koj tau ua ua ntej.
- Npog lub hnab yas thiab tso rau hauv lub tub yees kom txog thaum cov gelatin yuav luag tag (li 45 feeb mus rau ib teev).
- Tshem lub hnab yas los ntawm lub tub yees thaum lub gelatin khov txaus los tuav cov khoom ntawm tes, tab sis tseem mos txaus rau koj kom haum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab khoom qab zib rau hauv pwm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov xov tooj ntawm tes raws li daim duab
Thaum cov kua nplaum ua rau tawv tawv me ntsis, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv ntoo, thiab khoom qab zib uas tau xaiv rau ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm tes thiab organelle. Cov gelatin yuav tsum yoog txaus rau koj siv rab diav, quav nyab, lossis ntiv tes los thawb cov khoom no tso rau hauv qhov chaw gelatin cytoplasm. Tsis txhob hnov qab ib txwm saib koj daim duab qhia chaw thawj zaug kom ntseeg tau tias txhua ntu raug teeb tsa kom raug.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsim phau ntawv qhia gelatin cell
Yog tias koj tab tom coj tus qauv no mus rau tsev kawm ntawv lossis mus rau kev ncaj ncees, tsis txhob hnov qab muab cov lus qhia kom cov neeg uas pom tus qauv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv hauv lub xovtooj. Koj kuj tseem yuav tsum qhia rau lawv tias ib feem ntawm lub cell txhua qhov khoom qab zib sawv cev.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum coj tus qauv ntawm tes mus rau qhov chaw deb, nws zoo dua rau muab tus qauv tso rau hauv qhov txias kom cov qauv tsis yaj kub dhau
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Ua Cov Tsiaj Txiaj Ntsig Ntawm Cov Ncuav Qab Zib
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav khoom
Koj yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xyaw tsim nyog los tsim 3D cell qauv ua los ntawm ncuav mog qab zib, cov khoom siv rau cytoplasm (jelly lossis ci xim daj), thiab 3D cov khoom siv rau cov khoom ntawm tes (txiv ntseej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, khoom qab zib, lossis fondant). Koj muaj qhov yooj yim los tsim lub ncuav qab zib lossis xaiv cov khoom xyaw tshwj xeeb uas koj xav siv los sawv cev rau ib feem ntawm lub cell. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Ncuav lub khob noom cookie rau ob txheej ntawm ncuav mog qab zib puag ncig. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ncuav mog qab zib nrog txhua yam saj thiab xim. Koj tuaj yeem txawm ci txhua txheej nrog qhov sib txawv saj thiab xim. Cov txheej no yuav yog lub hauv paus ntawm tes.
- Cupcake garnishes, daim loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis cov ncuav qab zib txiav rau hauv cov duab puag ncig los tsim cov nucleus nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib.
- Tsawg kawg yog ob xim sib txawv ntawm frosting. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ob qhov sib txawv (xws li txiv qaub thiab txiv pos nphuab) lossis koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov xim zaub mov mus rau qhov ci xim daj kom tsim xim thib ob. Koj yuav tsum tau siv lub teeb ci xim daj kom ua rau cytoplasm nyob saum lub ncuav mog qab zib. Lub caij no, qhov ua kom tsaus ntuj tuaj yeem siv ua daim nyias nyias ntawm ob sab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib.
- Fondant thiab zaub mov xim. Yog tias koj xav ua koj tus kheej lub xov tooj ntawm tes los ntawm fondant, yuav fondant ntawm lub khw nrog rau ntau hom zaub mov xim sib txawv kom paub qhov txawv organelles ntawm ib leeg. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej fondant. Yog tias koj tsis xav ua koj tus kheej lub xov tooj ntawm tes, xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, khoom qab zib, lossis txiv ntseej nrog cov qauv tsim nyog los sawv cev rau txhua feem ntawm tes.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis cov khoom qab zib puag ncig me me. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov khoom qab zib no yuav dhau los ua lysosomes. Piv txwv li, M&M, ChaCha, cov pos hniav, lossis txiv hmab tuaj yeem ua tus sawv cev zoo ntawm lysosomes.
- Khoom qab zib oval los yog lo, txiv ntoo, lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov zaub mov no yuav dhau los ua mitochondria. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog raisins, almonds, thiab qhuav apricots. Kuj xav txog qhov loj ntawm tus qauv kom koj tuaj yeem xaiv hom khoom noj kom raug.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv ntoo lossis khoom qab zib uas loj dua me ntsis thiab tsis zoo ib yam. Cov khoom noj no yuav sawv cev rau lub vacuole. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog cov txiv tsawb txiav, Brazil ceev, thiab Yuppie rings.
- Khoom qab zib uas me me thiab zoo li cov noob lossis meses. Cov khoom qab zib no yuav sawv cev rau ribosome, yog li nws yuav tsum tau me me hauv kev sib piv rau cov seem ntawm tes ntawm tes. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv tau suav nrog Tictac thiab Frozz.
- Khoom qab zib puag ncig. Cov khoom qab zib no yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog Nano-Nano, Golia, thiab lwm yam.
- Ntev lo khoom qab zib. Khoom qab zib zoo li no tuaj yeem siv los sawv cev rau endoplasmic reticulum. Yog tias koj xav kom cov khoom no saib zoo ib yam, yuav cov khoom qab zib uas tau pleev xim rau hauv qab zib (los sawv cev rau qhov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum) thiab khoom qab zib yam tsis muaj txheej txheej qab zib (los sawv cev rau qhov kawg ntawm cov tawv nqaij reticulum). Qee qhov khoom qab zib uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog Yuppie cua nab, cawv txiv hmab, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov khoom qab zib ntev ntev lossis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem sawv cev rau Golgi lub cev kom raug yog tias koj yob qhov ntev, cov khoom qab zib tiaj tus lossis cov khoom noj txom ncauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Piv txwv uas tuaj yeem siv tau suav nrog Big Babol lossis Wrigley cov pos hniav, dov cov khoom noj txom ncauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lossis lwm hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo tev uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov organelles no.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ci lub ncuav
Siv lub ncuav mog qab zib puag ncig ua los ntawm cov ntawv ci thiab ci lub khob noom cookie ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv qhwv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub khob noom cookie nrog koj tus kheej daim ntawv qhia yog tias koj xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, xyuas kom koj muaj lub khob noom cookie txaus rau ob txheej ntawm cov ncuav mog qab zib puag ncig.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kho lub ncuav mog qab zib thaum lub ncuav qab zib txias
Thaum lub ncuav mog qab zib tau siav thiab txias, koj tuaj yeem pib dai nws. Thov ib txheej tuab ntawm icing ntawm cov xim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm thawj txheej ntawm ncuav mog qab zib. Tom qab ntawd, tso txheej thib ob ntawm ncuav mog qab zib rau saum txheej txheej thib ib. Xyuas kom tseeb tias ob lub ncuav mog qab zib txheej txawm yog. Tom qab ntawd, txheej sab saum toj ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib nrog cov xim ci ci. Nqe lus no yuav sawv cev rau cytoplasm. Tsis txhob hnov qab kho ob sab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib nrog icing. Nqe lus no yuav sawv cev rau daim nyias nyias ntawm tes.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab seb koj xav sawv cev rau cov keeb
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tso lub hauv paus rau saum koj lub ncuav mog qab zib ntawm tes. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem txiav sab saum toj ntawm lub khob noom cookie thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo puag ncig xws li apricots lossis plums uas tau txiav ib nrab. Kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los ntawm perforating txheej sab saum toj ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom qab zib kom cov txheej hauv qab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib pom. Txoj kev twg los xij uas koj xaiv tuaj yeem ua qauv nuclear zoo heev. Nco ntsoov tias lub hauv paus yog puag ncig thiab nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib.
Kauj Ruam 5. Xim thiab hloov lub fondant
Fondant yog cov khoom siv tau thiab feem ntau siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua ncuav ncuav los tsim cov khoom qab zib thiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ncuav ncuav. Yog tias koj xav hloov lub xovtooj ntawm koj tus kheej, faib cov fondant rau hauv xya ntu. Xim ib feem ntawm fondant siv xim xim sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd, siv koj txhais tes los tsim txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes suav nrog:
- Lysosomes yog me me thiab puag ncig
- Ribosomes yog cov granules me me
- Endoplasmic reticulum ntev thiab nyias
- Centrosome yog puag ncig thiab khov
- Golgi lub cev tau teeb tsa cov voj voos
- Mitochondria yog txoj hlua zoo li tus
- Vacuoles yog cov duab tsis xwm yeem thiab hollow
Kauj Ruam 6. Muab cov organelles thiab cov cell seem tso rau ntawm lub ncuav
Hauv theem no, koj yuav tsum tau npaj txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes, ob qho uas tau ua los ntawm fondant lossis ua los ntawm cov khoom qab zib thiab txiv ntseej. Teem tag nrho cov khoom no rau saum lub ncuav mog qab zib kom lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw raug raws li koj daim duab. Tsis txhob hnov qab ua tsaug thaum txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav!
Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov xov tooj ntawm tes yog xav tau
Yog tias koj yuav tsum sau daim ntawv tiv toj ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes, sau lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv rau ntawm daim ntawv me me thiab tom qab ntawd muab lo rau tus pas txhuam hniav. Tom qab ntawd, ntxig lub npe chij no rau qhov chaw raug ntawm lub ncuav. Tib neeg yuav paub tias ntu twg ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes txhua cov khoom qab zib, fondant, lossis txiv ntoo sawv cev thaum nyeem tus chij.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Tsim Tus Qauv Tsiaj Tus Tsiaj Tsis Tau Los ntawm Cov Khoom Uas Koj Muaj Hauv Tsev
Kauj Ruam 1. Yuav cov khoom tsim nyog
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov qauv tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj los ntawm cov khoom pom tau yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Txheeb xyuas seb koj puas muaj cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas koj yuav xav tau ua ntej yuav khoom dab tsi ntxiv. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav xav tau yog:
- Cov tswm ciab yav tsaus ntuj lossis cov yeeb yuj ua si-Doh
- Khoom cork hluavtaws (styrofoam) hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg
- Xim xim sib txawv
- Kua nplaum
- Tus hniav
- Txiab los yog rab riam ntse
- yeeb nkab nqus tsev
- Duab los qhia
- Cov khoom me me, puag ncig xws li cov nyees khawm, cov noob qhuav, cov hlaws dai, duab los qhia, ntawv ua npuas ncauj, ci, lossis cov yas me me.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv cov khoom kheej kheej ua lub hauv paus ntawm tes
Khoom cork hluavtaws tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws los siv ua lub hauv paus ntawm tes. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov khoom puag ncig kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus zoo yog tias lawv tsis muaj qhov nyob hauv lawv tab sis tuaj yeem siv nrog rab riam lossis txiab. Piv txwv li, pob loj lossis tswm ciab hmo ntuj.
Xim pob txhua xim yog tias pob tsis tau xim. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub tswm ciab hmo ntuj hauv koj cov xim nyiam lossis Play-Doh los pleev xim rau sab nrauv ntawm lub pob nrog xim daj
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav ib feem peb ntawm pob
Siv rab riam ntse los txiav ib feem peb ntawm pob. Ua ntej txiav nws, ua ntej kos cim qhov uas yuav tsum tau siv nrog xaum. Tom qab ntawd, txiav los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm pob mus rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub pob thiab tshem riam tawm. Tom ntej no, tig lub riam txiav los ntawm 90 degrees los txiav lub pob mus rau hauv nruab nrab. Koj yuav tuaj yeem tau txais kev txiav zoo 90 degree los ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd, tshem cov khoom ntawm lub pob uas nyob rau ntawm 90-degree kaum ntawm lub pob. Qhov no uas tau raug ntaus yuav qhia pom qhov txhab hauv lub cell.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xim lub qhov txhab hauv pob nrog xim txawv
Sab hauv ntawm lub pob yuav tsum pleev xim lwm xim. Nqe lus no yuav sawv cev rau cytoplasm. Koj tuaj yeem pleev xim cytoplasm hauv koj cov xim uas koj nyiam, tab sis cov xim sib zog zoo dua vim tias cov xim no yuav ua rau lwm qhov ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes sawv tawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Kaw cov khoom siv ntawm tes nrog kua nplaum lossis tus txhuam hniav raws li daim duab
Nrhiav cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev uas tuaj yeem siv los sawv cev rau cov khoom siv ntawm tes. Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrhiav cov khoom uas sawv cev rau organelles, ua cov khoom no koj tus kheej los ntawm Play-Doh lossis tswm ciab hmo ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, lo cov khoom sib txuas ntawm tes ntawm qhov chaw phais siv cov kua nplaum lossis tus txhuam hniav, nyob ntawm qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm lub pob. Yog tias lub npas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv mos xws li cov khoom siv ua hluavtaws lossis cov ciab, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog tus pas txhuam hniav. Lub caij no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kua nplaum los txuas cov organelles rau lub pob uas ua los ntawm cov khoom nyuaj xws li yas. Tsis txhob hnov qab ib txwm tshuaj xyuas daim duab qub koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam khoom siv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw raug. Muaj qee cov lus qhia rau cov khoom uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov qauv ntawm tes. Piv txwv li:
- Rau lub nucleus: Ua si-Doh pob lossis hmo ntuj tswm ciab, cov khoom ua npuas hluavtaws (txiav ib nrab), ping pong pob (txiav ib nrab), saum lub raj mis yas siv mis, lossis qe yas.
- Rau qhov endoplasmic reticulum: hlua, xov, roj hmab, lossis hlua khov.
- Golgi lub cev: ib puag ncig pawg ntawm cov duab los qhia lossis cov hlua khi
- Ribosomes: confetti, glitter, dej khov qhuav
- Lysosomes: cov nyees khawm, cov yas puag ncig me me, cov ntawv me me lossis cov duab los qhia, lossis cov pob zeb me me ntawm quav ciab
- Mitochondria: nyoos macaroni, oval lossis oval-shaped nyees khawm, hlaws zoo li cov hlaws dai, lossis cov txiv ntseej qhuav.
- Vacuoles: iav hlaws, hollow roj hmab pob hlais ib nrab, lub raj mis hau, lossis cov hnab yas me me.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau daim ntawv tivthaiv ntawm tes nrog tus chij los ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav
Ua tus chij los ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav thiab daim duab peb sab uas tau muab lo rau txhua lub xovtooj ntawm tes (nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria, thiab lwm yam). Sau daim ntawv tivthaiv txhua qhov kom meej thiab raug. Tom qab ntawd, ntxig tus chij txhuam hniav rau hauv qhov qhib qhov txhab ntawm tus qauv ntawm tes. Tam sim no, niam lossis txiv tus kws qhia ntawv thiab koj cov phooj ywg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm txhua ntu ntawm tes yooj yim!
Lub tswv yim
- Tsis txhob ncua sijhawm rau txoj haujlwm no. Nws yuav coj koj ob peb sim los tsim cov qauv ntawm tes uas tau noj (tej zaum cov gelatin tsis ntom lossis cov ncuav qab zib tau kub hnyiab). Ib qho ntxiv, koj yuav tuaj yeem ua yuam kev thaum xaiv lwm cov khoom ib yam nkaus. Cia sijhawm txaus los tsim kho cov khoom thiab kho qhov tsis raug.
- Nco ntsoov tias nws zoo yog tias koj ua yuam kev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias qhov no yog koj thawj zaug kev nthuav txuj tshawb fawb. Kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev cia siab yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav. Nco ntsoov tias koj pib txoj haujlwm no thaum ntxov yog li koj tuaj yeem kho qhov yuam kev.
- Ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus qauv ntawm tes tau sawv cev los ntawm qee qhov tshwj xeeb lossis yam khoom hauv txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov tias txhua feem ntawm tus qauv zoo ib yam li qhov qub ntawm lub cell.
- Kev sim nrog cov khoom sib txawv los nrhiav seb qhov twg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj tsis nyiam cov tsos ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub cell, hloov lawv nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv kom txog thaum cov cell zoo thiab ua rau nkag siab.
- Tsis txhob maj.
Ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob ua rau koj tus kheej thaum ci ncuav los yog dej npau. Siv cov hnab looj tes tshwj xeeb hauv qhov cub thiab cov tais diav uas tiv taus cua sov kom txo qis txoj kev pheej hmoo.
- Ceev faj thaum txiav tej yam nrog riam lossis txiab. Yog tias koj tseem hluas siv riam lossis txiab, nug niam txiv lossis tus nus muag los pab koj txiav lossis txiav cov khoom.
- Yog tias koj npaj yuav noj lossis ua qauv rau cov cell uas noj tau rau lwm tus, nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj leej twg ua xua rau cov khoom xyaw uas koj siv.
