Tsis zoo li cov neeg tawm tsam, cov khoom siv siv ntau tus lej los piav qhia lawv tus yam ntxwv. Lub cev muaj zog me me yog qhov nyuaj rau nyeem vim qhov chaw txwv rau luam ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus no yuav pab koj nyeem yuav luag txhua tus neeg siv khoom siv niaj hnub no. Tsis txhob poob siab yog tias cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg hauv lub capacitor sib txawv ntawm qhov tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no, lossis yog tias cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob thiab kam rau ua tsis tau sau rau ntawm lub capacitor. Rau ntau qhov hluav taws xob hauv tsev hluav taws xob qis, koj tsuas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm.
Kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nyeem Cov Capacitors Loj
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub cov chav ntsuas ntawm cov capacitors
Chav ntsuas ntsuas rau lub peev xwm yog farad (F). Tus nqi no loj dhau rau cov hluav taws xob loj, yog li cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau sau nrog ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- 1 F, uF ua, los yog mF ua = 1 microfarad = 10-6 cov nyob deb. (Ua tib zoo, hauv lwm cov ntsiab lus mF yog cov ntawv luv rau millifarad, lossis 10-3 farads.)
- 1 nF = 1 nanofarad = 10-9 cov nyob deb.
- 1 pF ua, hli mmF, los yog uuF = 1 picofarad = 1 micromicrofarad = 10-12 cov nyob deb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem qhov peev xwm
Feem ntau cov capacitors muaj tus nqi hluav taws xob tau teev tseg ntawm lawv sab. Feem ntau muaj qhov hloov pauv me ntsis hauv cov ntawv yog li saib rau tus nqi ze rau chav nyob saum toj no. Koj yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev hloov kho hauv qab no:
- Tsis quav ntsej cov tsiaj ntawv loj hauv chav. Piv txwv li, "MF" tsuas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm "mf" (thiab tsis muaj tib yam li megafarad, txawm hais tias MF yog lub npe luv).
- Tsis txhob poob siab los ntawm "fd." Nov tsuas yog lwm qhov ntawv luv ntawm farad. Piv txwv li, "mmfd" zoo ib yam li "mmf."
- Saib xyuas rau ib tus ntawv cim, xws li "475m," uas feem ntau pom ntawm cov khoom me me. Saib hauv qab no rau cov lus qhia ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav tus nqi kam rau ua
Qee lub capacitors sau qhov ua siab ntev, lossis kwv yees kwv yees ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws piv rau cov npe teev tseg. Tsis yog txhua qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob xav tau kev ua siab ntev. Piv txwv li, lub capacitor sau tias "6000uF +50%/ - 70%" tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ntawm 6000uF + (6000 * 0.5) = 9000uF, lossis me me li 6000 uF - (6000uF * 0.7) = 1800uF.
Yog tias tsis muaj feem pua tau teev tseg, nrhiav ib tsab ntawv tom qab tus nqi hluav taws xob lossis hauv nws tus kheej kab. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog tus lej qhov ua siab ntev, uas yuav piav qhia hauv qab no
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob
Yog ua tau, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav sau tus lej ntawm tus capacitor ua raws cov ntawv V, VDC, VDCW, lossis WV (rau "Ua Haujlwm Voltage"). Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm.
- 1 kV = 1000 V
- Saib hauv qab no yog tias koj xav tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv tus lej rau qhov hluav taws xob (ib tsab ntawv, lossis tus lej lej thiab ib tsab ntawv). Yog tias tsis muaj lub cim kiag li, nws zoo dua yog tias lub capacitor tsuas yog siv hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qis.
- Yog tias koj tab tom tsim hluav taws xob AC, saib rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau VAC. Tsis txhob siv DC lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj kev paub thiab paub dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab yuav siv lawv li cas kom nyab xeeb hauv AC cov cuab yeej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav lub cim + lossis - cim
Yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov no nyob ib sab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, nws txhais tau tias lub capacitor yog polarized. Nco ntsoov tias koj txuas rau + tus ncej ntawm lub capacitor nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Txwv tsis pub, lub capacitor yuav luv Circuit Court lossis txawm tias tawg. Yog tias koj tsis pom tus + lossis - kos npe, nws txhais tau tias lub capacitor yog ob txoj kev.
Qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv cov kab txaij xim lossis lub ntsej muag zoo li kev nyuaj siab los qhia qhov sib txawv. Yav dhau los, cov cim no tau cim rau - qhov kawg ntawm txhuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrolytic (feem ntau zoo li lub peev xwm). Ntawm cov tantalum electrolytic capacitors (uas yog me me heev, lub cim no qhia txog + kawg. (Tsis quav ntsej kab yog tias + thiab - cov cim tsis sib xws, lossis lub capacitor yog tsis siv hluav taws xob)
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nyeem Compact Capacitor Codes
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau thawj ob tus lej ntawm lub peev xwm
Cov capacitors qub yog qhov nyuaj rau kwv yees, tab sis yuav luag txhua qhov piv txwv niaj hnub no siv tus qauv EIA cov lej thaum lub capacitor me me dhau los sau tag nrho cov peev txheej. Txhawm rau pib, sau thawj ob tus lej, tom qab ntawv txheeb xyuas cov kauj ruam tom ntej raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Yog tias tus lej tseeb pib nrog ob tus lej, tom qab ntawv (piv txwv, 44M), thawj ob tus lej yog tus lej peev txheej tag nrho. Nkag mus ncaj qha rau ntu "nrhiav chav".
- Yog tias ib ntawm thawj ob lub cim yog tsab ntawv, mus ncaj qha rau "kab ntawv".
- Yog tias tag nrho thawj peb tus cim yog tus lej, txuas ntxiv mus rau kauj ruam tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv thawj peb tus lej ua tus lej xoom
Peb tus lej tus lej muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- Yog tus lej thib peb nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0-6, ntxiv ntau tus zeros raws li tus lej mus rau qhov kawg ntawm thawj ob tus lej (piv txwv li, txoj cai yog 453 → 45 x 103 → 45.000.)
- Yog tus lej thib peb yog 8, muab sib npaug los ntawm 0.01. (Piv txwv li, 278 → 27 x 0.01 → 0.27)
- Yog tus lej thib peb yog 9, sib npaug 0, 1. (piv txwv li 309 → 30 x 0, 1 → 3, 0)
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua haujlwm tawm cov peev txheej los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws capacitors (ua los ntawm tej hub, zaj duab xis, lossis tantalum) siv picofarad units (pF) uas yog sib npaug rau 10-12 cov nyob deb. Cov capacitors loj (nrog cov cylindrical lossis ob txheej txheej txhuas electrolyte) siv cov chav ntawm microfarads (uF lossis F), tus nqi uas yog sib npaug 10-6 cov nyob deb.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hla qhov no los ntawm kev ntxiv chav nyob tom qab nws (p rau picofarad, n rau nanofarad, lossis u rau microfarad). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tom qab tus lej tsuas muaj ib tsab ntawv xwb, qhov no feem ntau yog qhov ua siab ntev ntawm tus lej, thiab tsis sawv cev rau chav tsev. (P thiab N tsis tshua muaj kev tso siab rau cov lej, tab sis muaj cov capacitors uas teev lawv)
Kauj Ruam 4. Nyeem cov cai uas muaj cov ntawv
. Yog tias koj cov cai teev npe ib tsab ntawv ua ib ntawm thawj ob tus cim, muaj peb txoj hauv kev:
- Yog tias tsab ntawv yog R, hloov nws nrog tus lej zauv kom tau txais lub peev xwm hauv pF units. Piv txwv, 4R1 txhais tau tias lub peev xwm yog 4.1pF.
- Yog tias cov tsiaj ntawv yog p, n, lossis u, lawv txhua tus sawv cev rau chav (pico-, nano-, lossis microfarads). Hloov tsab ntawv no nrog tus lej zauv. Piv txwv li, n61 txhais tau tias yog 0.61 nF, thiab 5u2 txhais tau tias yog 5.2 uF.
- Ib tus lej zoo li "1A253" yog qhov tseeb ob tus lej. 1A sawv cev rau qhov hluav taws xob, thiab 253 sawv cev rau lub peev xwm raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyeem txoj cai kam rau siab ntawm cov capacitor ceramic
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas feem ntau yog ob qho "ncuav ncuav" nrog ob tus pin, feem ntau suav nrog tus nqi siab ntawm ib tsab ntawv tom qab tus lej peb tus lej muaj peev xwm. Tsab ntawv no qhia txog kev ua siab ntev ntawm lub capacitor, uas txhais tau tias kwv yees ze ze ntawm tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm tus capacitor mus rau tus nqi teev tseg hauv lub capacitor. Yog tias koj qhov hluav taws xob xav tau qhov tseeb, txhais cov cai no raws li hauv qab no:
- B = ± 0.1 pF.
- C = ± 0.25 pF.
- D = ± 0.5 pF rau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas qis dua 10 pF, lossis ± 0.5% rau cov capacitors siab dua 10pF.
- F = ± 1 pF lossis ± 1% (siv tib txoj kev nyeem ntawv raws li D saum toj no).
- G = ± 2 pF lossis ± 2% (saib saum toj no).
- J = ± 5%.
- K = ± 10%.
- M = ± 20%.
- Z = +80% / -20% (Yog tias koj pom tsis muaj tus lej kam rau ua, xav tias tus nqi no yog qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj.)
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyeem tsab ntawv-tus lej-tsab ntawv kam rau ua tus nqi
Ntau hom capacitor suav nrog cov cai ua siab ntev nrog ntau yam ntxiv peb lub cim cim. Txhais cov cai no raws li hauv qab no:
- Thawj lub cim qhia txog qhov kub tsawg. Z = 10ºC, Y = -30ºC, X = -55 ºC
-
Lub cim thib ob qhia txog qhov kub siab tshaj.
Kauj ruam 2. = 45ºC
Kauj ruam 4. = 65 ºC
Kauj ruam 5. = 85 hli
Kauj ruam 6. = 105ºC
Kauj ruam 7. = 125 hli
- Lub cim thib peb qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm thoob plaws qhov ntsuas kub no. Cov kab no pib nrog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, A = ± 1.0%, nqes mus kom raug, V = +22, 0%/-82%. R, ib qho ntawm cov cim feem ntau tshwm sim, qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm%15%.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txhais qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Koj tuaj yeem saib nws ntawm EIA daim ntawv qhia hluav taws xob, tab sis feem ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv ib qho ntawm cov lej hauv qab no los qhia qhov siab tshaj plaws (cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no yog rau DC capacitors nkaus xwb):
- 0J = 6,3V
- 1A = 10 VVV
- 1C = 16 VVVV
- 1E = 25V
- 1H = 50V
- 2A = 100V
- 2D ua = 200V
- 2E = 250V
- Ib tsab ntawv tus lej sawv cev rau ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb siv tau (piv txwv li 1A lossis 2A), koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
- Rau lwm qhov, tsawg zaus ntsib tus lej kwv yees, saib thawj tus lej. Tus lej 0 suav nrog tus nqi tsawg dua 10, 1 npog 10-99, 2 npog 100 txog 999, thiab ntxiv rau.
Kauj Ruam 8. Nrhiav lwm qhov system
qub capacitors lossis cov tshwj xeeb ua rau cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov kab ke no tsis tham txog hauv kab lus no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia hauv qab no rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv:
- Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj tus lej ntev pib nrog "CM" lossis "DM," saib nws ntawm daim ntawv qhia tub rog Asmeskas tub rog.
- Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis raug cim, tab sis hloov pauv yog cov kab xim sib txawv lossis cov ntawv teev, saib cov xim xim ntawm lub capacitor.
Lub tswv yim
- Capacitors tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm. Cov capacitors yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov siab dua qhov hluav taws xob siv. Txwv tsis pub, lub capacitor yuav raug puas ntsoog (lossis tseem tawg) thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
- 1,000,000 picoFarad (pF) yog sib npaug rau 1 microFarad (µF). Ntau tus capacitor qhov tseem ceeb nyob ze rau ob chav no yog li lawv siv feem ntau sib pauv. Piv txwv li, 10,000 pF feem ntau sau ua 0.01 uF.
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Thaum koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub peev xwm los ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm lub capacitor, koj tuaj yeem kwv yees kwv yees los ntawm kev siv lub capacitor li cas:
- Lub capacitor loj tshaj plaws hauv lub TV saib yog nyob hauv lub hwj chim. Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj lub peev xwm siab txog 400 txog 1,000 F, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tias ua tib zoo saib xyuas.
- Cov capacitors loj hauv cov xov tooj cua vintage feem ntau muaj ntau ntawm 1-200 F.
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog me dua li tus ntiv tes xoo thiab txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog ob tus pin. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tau siv ntau yam khoom siv thiab feem ntau muaj ntau ntawm 1 nF txog 1 F, txawm hais tias qee qhov nce mus txog 100 F.
