Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua hnyav xws li cua daj cua dub, cua daj cua dub, thiab cua daj cua dub, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom muaj thaj chaw tshwj xeeb hauv koj lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau xav txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua tub sab nyiag lossis nyiag khoom hauv tsev. Chav muaj kev nyab xeeb yog thaj chaw uas muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab muaj khoom txaus kom ua rau koj nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Yog tias koj yog tus kws tshaj lij kev tsim kho, chav nyab xeeb yuav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj tsev neeg thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev raug mob yav tom ntej.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Kawm Siv Chav Ruaj Ntseg
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj kev nyab xeeb
Ua ntej tsim chav nyob nyab xeeb, koj yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam kom ntseeg tau tias chav yuav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws cov neeg nyob, thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Koj yuav tsum pib los ntawm kev nyeem cov lus qhia muaj nyob ntawm www.fema.gov/pdf/plan/prevent/rms/453/fema453.pdf. Phau ntawv qhia no suav nrog kev txiav txim siab tsim, muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai, tsim qauv txheej txheem, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog huab cua lim, thiab lwm yam kev txiav txim siab kom tsev neeg nyab xeeb. Yog tias koj tsis nyeem nws, koj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsim lub chav muaj kev nyab xeeb uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau nws cov neeg nyob vim tsis tsim qauv lossis tsim kho
Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm qee yam
Kev tsim kho chav tsim qauv thiab tsim qauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog thiab tsim kho kom tiv taus cua daj cua dub thiab kev hem los ntawm kev tawm tsam; Xyuas kom koj nkag siab cov xwm txheej no thaum npaj thiab tsim chav muaj kev nyab xeeb.
- Chav yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cua daj cua dub thiab cov khoom hnyav uas ya los ntawm lawv, piv txwv li thaum muaj cua daj cua dub. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv cov phab ntsa ua vaj tsev, tab sis yog tias koj xav hloov chav ntoo uas muaj cov phab ntsa uas twb muaj lawm, ntxiv dag zog rau sab hauv nrog cov hlau thaiv.
- Chav yuav tsum tsis muaj lub qhov rai, tab sis yog muaj ib qho, nws yuav tsum me me (me me dhau rau tus tub sab kom haum) thiab ua los ntawm Plexiglass (iav iav) yog li nws tsis tawg.
- Chav yuav tsum tau thauj tog rau nkoj kom ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis nqa los yog hla lub sijhawm cua daj cua dub lossis cua daj cua dub.
- Koj yuav tsum tau tsim cov phab ntsa, qhov rooj, thiab qab nthab kom tiv taus qhov siab ntawm cua thiab cov khoom uas ya los yog poob saum ntuj.
- Koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias cov pob qij txha hauv chav, xws li phab ntsa lossis qab nthab, tau tsim los kom tiv taus cua daj cua dub. Ib qho ntxiv, tus qauv yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig hauv koj lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm. Yog li, kev puas tsuaj hauv tsev tsis cuam tshuam rau chav nyab xeeb.
- Cov chav nyab xeeb hauv av yuav tsum tuaj yeem tiv taus dej nyab thaum muaj nag los nag lossis dej siab.
- Lub qhov rooj yuav tsum qhib sab hauv, yog tias muaj cov khib nyiab uas sib sau ua ke ntawm lub qhov rooj. Qhov rooj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav uas cov neeg nyiag tsis tuaj yeem tsoo lossis tshuab tawm. Qhov rooj ntoo thiab hlau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo; txiav txim siab siv lub qhov rooj ntoo sab nrauv hnyav rau chav muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev, thiab txhawb ob sab nrog hlau kom nws nyab xeeb dua.
Kauj Ruam 3. Paub qhov chaw zoo tshaj los tsim lossis tsim chav muaj kev nyab xeeb
Qhov chaw nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau chav nyab xeeb yog nyob hauv av; thawj qhov chaw sab hauv sab hauv kuj tseem zoo heev.
- Yog tias koj muaj hma, qhov no yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog cua daj cua dub, cua daj cua dub, lossis lwm yam cua daj cua dub. Qhov chaw no nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab nyob deb ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv.
- Cov nkas -las kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo vim tias lawv feem ntau dav txaus rau kev tsim kho thiab (piv txwv tias koj khaws lub nkas -las kom huv si) txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khib nyiab poob thaum muaj cua daj cua dub
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Npaj Chav Nyab Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj hom chav chav nyab xeeb xav tau
Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv chav, qhov chaw muaj, thiab qhov loj ntawm koj cov peev nyiaj, koj cov kev xaiv yuav txawv. Lub hom phiaj kawg yog kom muaj kev nyab xeeb; txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov chaw nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua lossis txaus nyiam dua lwm qhov.
- Qhov chaw nyab xeeb hauv tsev bunkers tau tsim los kom khawb thiab teeb tsa hauv av. Ib lub qhov rooj sab nrauv ua rau saum av, thiab koj tuaj yeem yuav chav nyob kom haum rau txhua tus neeg. Xaiv cov hlau lossis cov pob zeb vim tias fiberglass (iav fiber) yog qhov pheej hmoo tawg.
- Saum bunkers hauv av tuaj yeem txuas rau sab nraum lub tsev, lossis teeb tsa sab hauv tsev. Cov tsos ntawm qee qhov ntawm cov chav nyab xeeb no tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas lawv tsis pom rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, thiab qee qhov loj txaus kom haum rau ntau tus neeg (piv txwv li hauv tsev kawm lossis chaw teev ntuj). Cov chav muaj kev nyab xeeb no tuaj yeem tsim lossis yuav ua ntej tau teeb tsa, uas raug nqi me ntsis ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua raws txhua tus lej xav tau.
- Yog tias koj lub tsev lossis chaw lag luam tseem tab tom tsim, chav muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev npaj ua qhov chaw ntxiv hauv lub tsev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tau txais lossis tsim phiaj xwm tsim kho
Ua ntej pib kev tsim kho, xyuas kom koj tau ua lub phiaj xwm raug thiab ua raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov kauj ruam no ua kom chav muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws cov neeg nyob hauv los ntawm kev hem.
- Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov phiaj xwm kev tsim chav nyab xeeb thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb pub dawb ntawm https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/2009. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev tsim no los tsim koj tus kheej tsim, lossis ua haujlwm nrog nws nrog tus neeg cog lus.
- Muas cov txheej txheem qhia kom pab koj npaj rau tsim chav muaj kev nyab xeeb raws txoj cai. Koj tuaj yeem yuav ICC 500: 2008 Tus Qauv rau Kev Tsim Qauv thiab Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Storm Shelters thiab rub tawm nws ntawm https://shop.iccsafe.org/icc-500-2008-icc-nssa-standard-for-the-design-and -construction -of-storm-shelters-2.html. Cov lus qhia no tau sau los ntawm International Code Council, uas teev cov cai thoob ntiaj teb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau cov cuab yeej thiab pib tsim
Nyob ntawm qhov phiaj xwm tsim, koj yuav xav tau ntau yam khoom siv, suav nrog cov pob zeb ua ke, cov hlau hlau, cov qhov rooj ntoo hnyav, thiab cov xauv lub qhov rooj tuag.
- Xav txog kev siv lub tshuab thauj tog rau nkoj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev kom tiv thaiv kev txav mus los.
- Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txav mus los, sim siv Simpson Strong Tie anchors.
- Nco ntsoov ua raws li FEMA cov lus qhia txhawm rau txhawb lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus phaj ntawm tus qauv.
- Nruab ob txheej plywood (plywood) ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm chav. Ib txheej ntawm cov hlau lossis kevlar tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa tom qab txheej txheej ntawm plywood.
- Nruab ib lub qhov rooj nrog lub ntsuas phoo ntsuas 5 cm.
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Hloov Chav Nyob Uas Muaj Rau Hauv Chav Nyab Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv chav hloov
Kev kho chav nyob uas twb muaj lawm hauv ib lub tsev yog txoj kev pheej yig tshaj thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov neeg hlub los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm nag xob nag cua thiab tub sab nyiag tsev. Txawm hais tias tus nqi tsim tsev lossis yuav chav muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem nce txog ntau pua lab rupiah, koj tuaj yeem txuag nws los ntawm kev kho chav nyob uas twb muaj lawm.
Xaiv ib chav nyob hauv lub tsev uas tsis muaj qhov rais hauv phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, thiab tsis muaj cov phab ntsa uas nyob sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv chav dai khaub ncaws loj
Kauj Ruam 2. Hloov lub qhov rooj
Cov chav muaj kev nyab xeeb xav tau cov qhov rooj uas tsis ya los ntawm cua hlob lossis ua tub sab hauv tsev, thiab qhov zoo tshaj qhov rooj qhib sab hauv yog tias muaj cov khib nyiab thaiv lub qhov rooj los ntawm sab nraud thaum muaj cua daj cua dub.
- Tshem tawm qhov rooj nplooj thiab hinges. Hloov lub qhov rooj hinges nrog cov hlau, thiab txhawb lub sill ncig lub qhov rooj nrog hlau (uas yuav tiv thaiv lub qhov rooj los ntawm kev poob vim cua los yog raug thawb los ntawm).
- Hloov daim nplooj qhov rooj nrog ntoo hnyav hnyav (piv txwv li, ib qho feem ntau siv ua lub qhov rooj sab nrauv rau lub tsev), lossis nrog lub qhov rooj hlau hnyav. Nruab ib lub qhov rooj zoo li nws qhib sab hauv es tsis txhob tawm sab nraud.
Kauj Ruam 3. Nruab qhov xauv
Koj tuaj yeem xaiv siv ib txwm siv lossis xauv lub xov tooj tsis raug kaw. Yog tias koj siv lub xauv wireless, koj yuav tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nrhiav tus yuam sij thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tias me nyuam yaus raug kaw hauv chav.
- Ua ntej txhim kho cov xauv tshiab thiab lub qhov rooj, ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntoo ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txhim kho cov hlau lossis cov tooj dag, uas tuaj yeem xaj yuav ntawm panglong lossis khw muag khoom kho vajtse.
- Nws tau pom zoo tias yuav tsum teeb lub xauv kom xauv los ntawm sab hauv. Yog tias koj siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm tuag, ua tus yuam sij seem thiab khaws nws hauv ob qhov chaw tab sis nkag tau yooj yim yog li nws yooj yim mus nrhiav thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txhim kho phab ntsa thiab qab nthab
Yog tias koj tab tom ntxiv chav nyab xeeb rau hauv lub tsev tshiab, cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog cov pob zeb ua ke, qaib coop xaim, lossis hlau cladding ua ntej ntxiv cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab pleev xim rau phab ntsa. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum tau rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa uas twb muaj lawm txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa.
- Txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhawb cov phab ntsa yog nchuav pob zeb rau hauv 2x4 qhov khoob ntawm phab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd, txuas 2.5-0.3 cm plywood lossis taw qhia txoj hlua khi (OSB) rau 2x4 ntawm ob sab. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem npog nws nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab pleev xim.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm 2x4 thiab npog nws nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab pleev xim. Koj yuav tsum tau txuas cov ntawv hlau lossis cov qaib sib txuas hlau mus rau lub qab nthab, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv nthab yog tias koj lub tsev yog ib zaj dab neeg, lossis txuas ncaj qha rau ntawm qab nthab (nws yuav zoo li tsis ntxim nyiam, tab sis yuav tsis muaj leej twg yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev nkaum hauv lub ru tsev). hauv chav nyab xeeb).
Kauj Ruam 5. Nug tus neeg cog lus kom tau kev pab
Yog tias koj xav tsim cov txheej txheem nyuaj lossis muaj tus kheej, nco ntsoov ua raws li cov cai uas twb muaj lawm. Yog tias koj tsis tau ntsib dua hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus neeg cog lus hauv nroog los pab npaj thiab teeb tsa chav nyab xeeb.
Nug kom tau lus pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg cog lus hauv zos. Nug tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg uas nyuam qhuav kho dua tshiab lossis rov kho lawv lub tsev, lossis hu rau tus kws tshuaj xyuas hauv nroog kom pom zoo rau cov neeg cog lus ntseeg
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Khaws Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Chav Nyab Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Xav txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws
Chav muaj kev nyab xeeb yooj yim yuav ua rau tsev neeg muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis yog tias koj xav ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv rau hauv chav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsev kim uas feem ntau yog cov tub sab nyiag), muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv los ntawm:
- Kev soj ntsuam lub koob yees duab system. Kev txhim kho lub xeev-ntawm-tus-kos duab kev ruaj ntseg, tso cai rau koj saib xyuas koj lub tsev los ntawm sab hauv chav nyab xeeb yog tias koj lub tsev tawg mus.
- Nkag mus keyboard. Cov keypad tso cai rau koj kaw lub chav nyab xeeb tam sim thaum koj lub tsev tawg mus, tsis txhob nkim sijhawm los tshawb nrhiav cov yuam sij.
Kauj Ruam 2. Khaws khoom noj thiab dej haus rau hauv chav nyab xeeb
Thaum muaj cua daj cua dub lossis ua phem rau neeg ua phem, tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntev dua qhov xav tau. Koj yuav tsum npaj cov khoom tseem ceeb rau koj tsev neeg thiab cov qhua tsis tau npaj tseg hauv chav nyab xeeb.
- Pib nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm 12 litres dej rau ib tus neeg raws li lub peev xwm ntawm chav nyab xeeb. Cov chav nyab xeeb tuaj yeem yooj yim sau nrog cov khoom siv ib leeg; yog tias chav muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem haum tsib tus neeg, nws txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum npaj 60 liv dej.
- Khaws cov zaub mov khaws cia hauv chav nyab xeeb, xws li cov zaub mov kaus poom lossis cov kua zaub npaj tau (tsis txhob hnov qab lub raj mis qhib), ob peb lub thawv ntim khoom qab zib lossis ncuav qab zib, granola lossis cov protein protein, thiab cov kaus poom ntawm cov mis nyuj lossis cov mis hmoov.
- Txawm hais tias tus qauv npaj hauv chav nyab xeeb yuav tsum txaus rau peb hnub, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los npaj ntxiv yog tias tseem tshuav chaw nyob. Yog tias cua daj cua dub rhuav tshem koj lub zej zog, cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem pab cov neeg nyob ze kom txog thaum kev pab tuaj txog.
- Tsis txhob hnov qab tig cov khoom siv hauv chav nyab xeeb kom tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tas sij hawm lossis mus rancid (txawm tias khaws cia cov zaub mov thaum kawg yuav qias neeg).
Kauj Ruam 3. Xav txog lwm yam khoom siv xav tau
Thaum muaj cua daj cua dub, koj yuav xav tau lwm yam khoom siv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tsev neeg kom txog thaum cua daj cua dub dhau los lossis kev pab tuaj txog.
- Koj yuav xav tau lub xov tooj cua siv roj teeb, tsawg kawg yog lub teeb nyem loj, thiab qee cov roj teeb uas seem.
- Kuj npaj hloov khaub ncaws thiab pam pam rau txhua tus hauv tsev neeg.
- Nco ntsoov khaws cov khoom pab thawj zaug ua tiav, suav nrog txhua yam tshuaj uas cov neeg hauv tsev neeg niaj hnub siv, ntaub qhwv, tshuaj pleev tshuaj tua kab mob, txiab me me, ntaub qhwv ntaub, thiab ibuprofen.
- Khaws qee cov kab xev thiab cov yas tso rau hauv chav nyab xeeb kom kaw qhov rooj thiab qhov cua thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nuclear lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
