Cov duab, xws li kab duab, kab kos, lossis kos duab yog cov khoom zoo los txhawb koj lub tswv yim thaum sau kab lus lossis kab lus. Koj yuav tsum tau hais tawm cov duab siv APA hom ntawv rau koj cov ntawv lossis kab lus hauv chav kawm. Ua raws ob peb kauj ruam yooj yim hauv qab no yog li koj tuaj yeem hais tawm cov duab los ntawm cov phau ntawv, kab lus, lossis cov vev xaib hauv hom APA kom raug.
Kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Tsim Cov Lus Cim
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog "Duab" thiab ua raws los ntawm tus lej ua ntu zus siv cov ntawv qaij
Cov duab tsis xav tau lub npe tshwj xeeb. Pib nrog lo lus "Duab" thiab ua raws los ntawm tus lej hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tshwm hauv kab lus.
Piv txwv li, thawj daim duab tshwm tuaj yuav tsum tau hais, "Daim duab 1." Daim duab plaub uas tshwm hauv cov ntawv yuav tsum tau hais ua "Daim duab 4."
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau kab lus piav qhia txog daim duab
Muab tus nyeem ntawv piav qhia luv luv ntawm daim duab. Cov kab lus yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia hauv daim duab kom meej thiab meej.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj hais nqe kab zauv, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Daim duab txheeb cais ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv tebchaws Indonesia xyoo 2010." Yog tias koj tab tom hais txog daim duab, koj yuav sau, "Affandi cov duab dub thiab dawb hauv Paris."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau qhov chaw lossis siv qhov twg koj pom daim duab
Sau, "Tau los ntawm" lossis "Hloov los ntawm" ua raws lub npe ntawm phau ntawv, kab lus, lossis lub vev xaib uas koj pom daim duab. Sau tus lej nplooj ntawv uas koj tau txais daim duab yog tias koj nqa nws los ntawm phau ntawv.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem hais ib phau ntawv los ntawm kev sau, "Tau los ntawm 100 Cov Neeg Uas Hloov Indonesia (p 8).
- Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kab lus, koj yuav sau, "Hloov kho los ntawm 'Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Nroog Hauv Nroog.'"
- Yog tias koj tab tom txheeb xyuas lub vev xaib, koj yuav sau, "Muab los ntawm The Huffington Post."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau thawj lub npe ntawm tus sau lub npe thiab nruab nrab thiab lub xeem
Siv thawj lub npe ntawm tus sau lub npe thiab lub npe nruab nrab, yog tias muaj, hloov ntawm lub npe tag nrho. Sau tus sau lub xeem. Yog tias muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv, sau lawv txhua tus, cais lawv nrog "thiab."
Piv txwv li, koj yuav sau, “… los ntawm K. L. Lee "lossis" … los ntawm B. Lork thiab M. Casper."
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau qhov chaw
Yog tias koj qhov kev siv yog phau ntawv, nco ntsoov xyoo thiab qhov chaw nws tau tshaj tawm thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Piv txwv, koj yuav sau, "2008, Semarang, Central Java: XYZ Publishers" lossis "2010, South Tangerang, Banten: ABC Publishers."
- Yog tias koj tab tom siv tsab xov xwm los siv, sau xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm, lub npe phau ntawv xov xwm, thiab cov lej hauv cov ntawv qaij. Sau tus lej nplooj ntawv uas tus lej koj tau khaws cia tau teev tseg.
- Piv txwv li, koj yuav sau, “2017, Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Noj, 56, p. 103”lossis“2002, Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam, 14, p. 90. "Ib
- Yog tias qhov kev siv uas koj siv yog lub vev xaib, sau xyoo cov duab tau tshaj tawm hauv lub vev xaib, yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Txwv tsis pub, siv "nd" rau "tsis muaj hnub tim." Tom qab ntawv sau "Tau los ntawm" thiab lub vev xaib txuas.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau, "2008, Rov los ntawm https://www.bps.go.id" lossis "nd, Rov qab los ntawm
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug ntawm daim duab
Kaw qhov kev tsocai los ntawm kev sau xyoo thiab tus tswv tswv ntawm daim duab. Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm qhov chaw qub.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Copyright 217 los ntawm Central Bureau of Statistics" lossis "Copyright 2012 los ntawm Indonesian Institute of Sciences."
- Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug, koj tsis tas yuav sau nws.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txheeb xyuas nqe lus
Tom qab koj tau sau nqe lus rau tus lej, kos thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua yam ntaub ntawv xav tau muaj.
- Cov lus hais ua tiav rau daim duab yog muab los ntawm phau ntawv, uas yog: "Daim duab 1. Cov duab dub thiab dawb ntawm Affandi hauv Paris. Tau los ntawm 100 Cov Neeg Uas Hloov Indonesia (p 8), los ntawm F. Aning, 2007, Yogyakarta, DIY: Cov lus piav qhia. Copyright 2007 by Narrative Publishers."
- Cov lus hais ua tiav rau daim duab yog muab los ntawm kab lus, uas yog: "Daim duab 4. Txheeb cais ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv tebchaws Indonesia xyoo 2010. Tau los ntawm 'Cov Pej Xeem Cov Ntaub Ntawv los ntawm Central Statistics Agency,' los ntawm B. Lork thiab M. Casper, 2017, Txheeb cais Indonesia, 56, p. 103. Cai 217 los ntawm Central Bureau of Statistics."
- Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho rau daim duab yog coj los ntawm lub vev xaib, uas yog: "Daim duab 6. Kev tha xim me nyuam tub ua si nrog cov khoom ua si yas. Tau txais los ntawm Kab Menyuam Noj Qab Haus Huv, ntawm Huffington Post, nd, Rov los ntawm https://www.huffingtonpost.childrentoday.com. Copyright 2008 los ntawm Joan Lee."
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Kev Txhais Lus Cim
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab cov lus hais hauv qab daim duab thiab muab ob npaug rau qhov chaw
Hauv cov ntawv, cov lus hais tawm yuav tsum tshwm nyob hauv qab cov duab. Qhov no yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev tsocai qhia meej txog daim duab. Muab ob npaug rau qhov yooj yim nyeem ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nug kom tau kev tso cai los siv daim duab yog tias koj npaj siab tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm
Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav tshaj tawm hauv phau ntawv thesis, phau ntawv sau xov xwm, lossis lwm yam ntawv tshaj tawm, koj yuav tsum tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus tswv tuav txoj cai kom siv daim duab. Xeev tias koj tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm kev sau "Loaded nrog kev tso cai" tom kawg ntawm nqe lus.
Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau, "Daim duab 4. Txheeb cais ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv tebchaws Indonesia xyoo 2010. Tau los ntawm 'Cov Pej Xeem Cov Ntaub Ntawv los ntawm Central Statistics Agency,' los ntawm B. Lork thiab M. Casper, 2017, Txheeb cais Indonesia, 56, p. 103. Cai 217 los ntawm Central Bureau of Statistics. Loaded nrog kev tso cai."
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm daim duab hauv Bibliography
Raws li APA cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum sau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe nkag ntawm daim duab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm koj kab lus ntawm nplooj ntawv Bibliography. Muab ob npaug rau qhov chaw nkag hauv Phau Ntawv Teev Npe thiab npaj lawv ua niam ntawv. Ua raws li APA tus qauv citation. Nco ntsoov tias koj tau sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv, kab lus, lossis lub vev xaib, tus sau, thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus lej qhov chaw.
